home For a beginner Presentation on the topic of the metallurgical complex of the world economy. Ferrous metallurgy - presentation. In terms of production of ferrous metals, Russia ranks

Presentation on the topic of the metallurgical complex of the world economy. Ferrous metallurgy - presentation. In terms of production of ferrous metals, Russia ranks

Metallurgical complex. Ferrous metallurgy. Compiled by a geography teacher MOBU SOSH LGO s. Ruzhino Mazur E.V.

The purpose of the lesson : to form students’ ideas about the metallurgical complex of Russia.

Tasks:

To familiarize students with the structure of the country's metallurgical complex.

To develop knowledge about metallurgical bases, types of metallurgical enterprises and factors of their location.

Continue developing the ability to compose a characteristic of an object using atlas maps.

Composition of the complex

Metallurgical complex

Ferrous metallurgy

Non-ferrous metallurgy (10%)

Iron production

and its alloys

Production of light metals ( Al, Ti, Mg)

Production of heavy metals ( Cu, Zn, Pb)

Production of precious metals ( Ag, Au)

Production of alloying metals ( W, Mo, Vn)

Metallurgical complex is a set of industries producing a variety of metals.

Iron and steel production

Rolled products production

Melting steel

Iron ore mining

Oboga-

swearing

ore

Iron smelting

The basis of ferrous metallurgy

(full cycle plant)

Blast furnace shop

Steel shop

Rolling shop

Ferrous metallurgy enterprises: 1. Full cycle metallurgical plants (combines) 2. Particle metallurgical plants 3. Small metallurgical plants

Features of the metallurgical complex

1. Full cycle metallurgical plants placed near raw materials or fuel or on ore and fuel streams

2. Conversion plants and small metallurgy plants They focus on scrap metal (waste from machine-building factories), therefore they are located in large cities, focusing on the consumer.

3. Metallurgical plant - This is a water-intensive enterprise, so it is built near a large river, lake or pond.

4. Metallurgy – a “dirty” industry, so you can’t build several metallurgical plants in one city.

5. Metallurgical plant cannot work without the railway, because The flows of raw materials and fuel are very huge.

A cluster of metallurgical plants that use a common ore or fuel base and produce the base metal of a country is called metallurgical base. There are 3 main metallurgical bases in Russia: 1. Ural 2. Central 3. Siberian

Indicate the sources of raw materials and fuel for ferrous metallurgy.
Indicate the largest metallurgical centers of ferrous metallurgy.
Draw conclusions about the features of each base.

Central base – 44%

Raw materials – ores of the KMA, Kola Peninsula.

Fuel – coking coal of the Pechora basin, Donbass.

Centers:

Ural base – 42%

(oldest)

Raw materials – ores of the Urals, KMA, Kazakhstan

Fuel – Kuzbass coal

Centers:

Nizhny Tagil
Chelyabinsk
Magnitogorsk
Novotroitsk

Siberian base – 13%

Raw materials - ores of Gornaya Shoria, Khakassia, Angaro-Ilim deposits

Fuel - Kuzbass coal

Centers:

Novokuznetsk (full cycle)
Novosibirsk (before)
Krasnoyarsk (before)
Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky

What industries are part of the metallurgical complex?
Name the metallurgical bases in Russia.
Indicate the connections between raw materials and fuel.
List the features of metallurgy.
What types of metallurgical enterprises are there in Russia?
What are the prospects for the development of the industry?

Homework: § 10, on the contour map, mark 3 metallurgical bases, indicate deposits of ore, coal and large metallurgical plants.

form an idea of the metallurgical complex;
learn to establish connections between technical and economic features and factors of location of industry enterprises

Industry products –

foundation for the development of other industries.

Production of iron and steel.

In terms of production of ferrous metals, Russia ranks

4th place in the world.

Huge amounts of raw materials required

iron ore

manganese ore

coking coal

Huge volumes of water required

Large amount of waste -

"dirty" production.

Concentration of production.

Very large volume of raw materials used

Large numbers

workers

A large number of

manufactured products

Combination

production.

Conversion plants

metallurgy

Enterprises

with electrometallurgical

production

There is no iron smelting stage;

scrap metal can serve as raw material

or cast iron produced

at other enterprises

In electric ovens without use

coal, bypassing the iron smelting stage,

smelting steel

IRON - most common chemical element

The share of iron in the earth's crust is 4%
Melting point - 1540˚С
Properties: plasticity, magnetism

IRON ALLOYS

CAST IRON STEEL

Fe+C Fe+C

(C from 2 to 6.5%) (C to 2%)

The location of metallurgical enterprises is influenced by:

ENTERPRISE TYPE

Full cycle plants

ACCOMMODATION FACTOR

1.Raw materials (near iron ore deposits or

at fuel sources)

2. Transport (between raw material and fuel extraction areas)

Pipe metallurgy plants

CENTERS

Lipetsk, Serov, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Novotroitsk, Novokuznetsk, Cherepovets

1. Raw materials (at sources of secondary raw materials in large engineering centers)

2. Consumer

Small metallurgy (rolled steel)

Raw materials (at sources of secondary raw materials)

Electrometallurgy

Moscow, Elektrostal, Nizhny Novgorod, Krasny Sulin, Taganrog, Volgograd,

Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Foundry shops of large machine-building plants

Energy

Stary Oskol

Kosogorsky

Iron and Steel Works

Novotulsky

Iron and Steel Works

Slide 2

Objectives: To study the structure and significance of metallurgy. To introduce the features of ferrous metallurgy and the problems of metallurgy. Define the concepts of “plant”, “metallurgical base”, characterize metallurgical bases.

Slide 3

Oral survey: -What are the advantages of hydroelectric power plants? -What is the impact of the electric power industry on the environment? -Name the most “dirty” and “clean” power plants. How can you reduce the negative impact of thermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power plants on the environment? - Determine the areas of the country where the production of environmentally friendly energy is most promising

Slide 4

Metallurgical complex 1. Ferrous metallurgy 2. Non-ferrous metallurgy.

Slide 5

Ferrous metallurgy. 90% of the metal produced is ferrous metal - steel.

The technological chain of ferrous metallurgy production is as follows: Iron ore mining (in quarries) Ore beneficiation (at mining and processing plants - mining and processing plants) cast iron smelting (in blast furnaces) Steel production (in steel smelting furnaces) Rolled steel production (in the rolling shop at rolling mills - sheets, rails, angles, pipes, etc.) The actual basis of ferrous metallurgy is 3 workshops (production). If all three production facilities are present at the enterprise, then it is a full-cycle plant. Blast furnace shop steelmaking shop rolling shop - the main part of the metal is produced at metallurgical plants. Notebook entry: A plant is an enterprise where, in addition to metallurgical production, there are production facilities in other industries related to the main technological and chemical aspects.

Slide 6

Factors for locating ferrous metallurgy enterprises - Where are metallurgical plants built? The location of metallurgical enterprises is influenced by raw materials, fuel, consumer, water, transport and environmental factors.1. Full-cycle metallurgical plants are located near raw materials and fuel or on streams of ore (raw materials) and fuel.2. Limit factories and small metallurgy factories focus on scrap metal (waste from machine-building plants), therefore they are located in large cities, focusing on the consumer.3. A metallurgical plant is also a water-intensive enterprise, so it is built near a large river, lake or pond. 4. Metallurgy is a “dirty” industry, so you cannot build several metallurgical plants in one city. The “ecological ceiling” must not be exceeded; this will have a detrimental effect on public health.5. A metallurgical plant cannot operate without a railway, since the flow of raw materials and fuel is very huge.

Slide 7

Clusters of metallurgical plants that use a common ore or fuel base and produce the base metal of a country are called a metallurgical base. There are 3 main metallurgical bases in Russia: 1. Uralskaya.2. Central.3. Siberian.

Slide 8

Iron and Steel Works

Slide 9

Non-ferrous metallurgy. Non-ferrous metals Heavy light noble rare earth Copper aluminum gold zirconium Zinc magnesium platinum selenium Lead titanium silver germanium Tin and other Nickel The technological chain of production of non-ferrous metallurgy is as follows: Ore mining Mining and processing plant (beneficiation) ferrous metal smelting Refined (pure) metal smelting rolled metal

Slide 10

Heavy non-ferrous metals - Heavy metals are contained in ore in very small quantities. (Demonstration of ore samples) Iron in ore from 25% to 45% Copper in ore - 1 -2% Tin in ore less than 1% For example, to obtain 1t of copper, more than 100t of copper ore is required, of which 99t is waste rock. To produce tin, more than 300 tons of ore are needed. -Where is the main metallurgical base of heavy non-ferrous metals formed? - Name the smelting centers for copper, zinc, tin, and nickel.

Slide 11

Light non-ferrous metals Light non-ferrous metals (aluminum, titanium, magnesium) are produced at a source of cheap energy, that is, at which power plants are aluminum smelters located (at hydroelectric power plants). - Where in Russia is most of the aluminum melted?

Slide 12

Precious non-ferrous metals Identify the main gold mining areas in Russia and draw a conclusion: 1st place - Magadan region. (29 tons per year) 2nd place - Krasnoyarsk Territory (18 tons per year) 3rd place - Yakutia (13 tons) 4th place - Irkutsk region. (12 t)

Slide 13

Problems and prospects of non-ferrous metallurgy: 1. problems: Depletion of deposits of copper and aluminum ores. Lack of large deposits of manganese, chromite, titanium and other ores. The production of ferrous metals in Russia has decreased by 50% since 1990. Low quality of cast iron and steel (due to the fact that most of the factories operate on old equipment and old technologies). High cost of Russian metal (prices are 20% higher than world prices -40%). One of the reasons for this is the monopoly of giant factories. Environmental problem (metallurgy is a dirty industry). 2. prospects: Development of the Far Eastern metallurgical base (for example, the Neryungri plant project) Application of new ore mining technologies that allow less pollution of the environment. Geo- and biotechnologies for ore mining have been developed that make it possible to preserve landscapes. One of the promising areas in metallurgy (especially in ferrous metallurgy) is the creation of automated mini-plants that operate on scrap metal and pollute the environment less. Use of recyclable materials (scrap metal), remelting which is effective. Thus, when melting 1 ton of scrap metal, 4 tons of iron ore and 530 tons of copper ore are saved. Air pollution is reduced by 7 times, the amount of waste will be reduced by 16 times.

Metallurgical complex of the Russian Federation. New lesson concepts: Metallurgical complex, Ferrous metallurgy, Non-ferrous metallurgy, Alloying metals, Rolled metal, Mineral concentrate, Metallurgical plant, Metallurgical base, Conversion metallurgy. 1. Composition of the metallurgical complex; 2. Features of metallurgical production (Operation diagram of a metallurgical plant); 3. Metallurgical bases of Russia; 4. Geography of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises. SUBJECT:

COMPOSITION OF THE METALLURGICAL COMPLEX, SEQUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES. MINING METAL ORES ENRICHMENT METAL Smelting ROLLED PRODUCTION METALLURGICAL COMPLEX IS A SYSTEM OF INDUSTRIES INVOLVED IN THE MINING AND ENRICHMENT OF METAL ORES, METAL Smelting AND ROLLED PRODUCTION. In the metallurgical complex, depending on the metals produced, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy are distinguished. Almost 90% of the metal used in the national economy is ferrous metals.

FERROUS NON-FERROUS METALS ALLOYING IRON STEEL CAST IRON Steel and cast iron are alloys of iron and carbon. LIGHT NOBLE HEAVY ALUMINUM MAGNESIUM COPPER ZINC LEAD NICKEL GOLD SILVER PLATINUM Metals that are used as additives to steel to give it new properties. TUNGSTEN (makes steel hard), MOLYBDENUM (gives heat resistance) 89% 20% 1% What does ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy produce?

Enrichment > pig iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A FULL CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Coal SIGING FACTORY (ENRICHMENT SHOP) Slag " title="Features of metallurgical production. 1. Covers the entire process of metal production (mining > enrichment > cast iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A COMPLETE CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Coal SINTERING FACTORY (PRINECTION SHOP) Slag" class="link_thumb"> 4 !} Features of metallurgical production. 1. Covers the entire process of metal production (mining > beneficiation > cast iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A FULL CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Coal AGLOPLANT (PROCESSING SHOP) Slag Construction materials plant Waste waste heaps (mounds of spent “waste” rock) CONCENTRATE (purified useful mineral from impurities) Blast furnace shop Cast iron STEEL MELING SHOP Steel ROLLING SHOP Rolled steel (finished products) Coke plant Coke Coke oven gas Chemical plant MAIN ROLL PROFILES: a) round b) square c) angular d) T-bar e) rail f) sheet At the first stage Blast furnaces produce cast iron, which contains 2-4% carbon, which makes this metal very fragile, so approximately 90% of the cast iron is melted again to “burn out” the carbon to 0.2-2%. That's when you get stronger steel. An ore containing less than 20% iron is considered poor, while in non-ferrous ores 4% of the metal is enough to be called rich. beneficiation > cast iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A COMPLETE CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Coal SINTERING FACTORY Slag "> enrichment > cast iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A COMPLETE CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Hard coal SINTERING FACTORY ( ENRICHMENT SHOP) Slag Construction materials plant Waste piles (mounds of spent waste rock) CONCENTRATE (useful mineral purified from impurities) Blast furnace shop Cast iron STEEL MELTING SHOP Steel ROLLING SHOP Rolled steel (finished products) Coke plant Coke Coke oven gas Chemical plant MAIN ROLL PROFILES: a) round b) square c) angular d) T-bar e) rail f) sheet At the first stage, cast iron is produced in blast furnaces, which contains 2-4% carbon, which is why this metal is very fragile, so approximately 90% of the cast iron is melted again to “ “burn out” carbon to 0.2-2%. That’s when stronger steel is obtained. Fe ore containing less than 20% iron is considered poor, and in non-ferrous ores 4% of metal is enough to call them rich.”> enrichment > cast iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A FULL CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Coal SINTERING FACTORY (PROCESSING SHOP) Slag " title="Features of metallurgical production. 1. Covers the entire process of metal production (mining > beneficiation > cast iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A FULL CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Stone coal SINTERING FACTORY (PROCESSING SHOP) Slag"> title="Features of metallurgical production. 1. Covers the entire process of metal production (mining > beneficiation > cast iron > steel > rolled products), DIAGRAM OF A FULL CYCLE METALLURGICAL PLANT: Fe ore Stone coal SINTERING FACTORY (PROCESSING SHOP) Slag"> !}

Features of metallurgical production. 2. High labor intensity (one full-cycle metallurgical plant employs up to 40 thousand workers). 3. Material intensity (to produce 1 ton of steel, 5 tons of raw materials and 2 tons of fuel are consumed, to produce 1 ton of copper, 100 tons of raw materials and 3 tons of fuel are consumed) 4. Energy intensity (to produce 1 ton of aluminum, 20 thousand kW/h are consumed. 5. Major environmental pollutant (about 40% of all industrial emissions come from this industry.) FACTORS OF LOCATION OF FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALLURGY ENTERPRISES: Assignment. Based on the known features of metallurgical production, determine the main factors of location of this industry.

METALLURGICAL BASES OF RUSSIA A GROUP OF METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES USING COMMON ORE AND FUEL RESOURCES. ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIA 3 METALLURGICAL BASES Ural base Central base Siberian base ORE: Kachkanar Mednogorsk Magnitogorsk Kazakhstan COAL: Kuzbass Kazakhstan BLACK CENTERS. METAL: Chelyabinsk Magnitogorsk Nizhny Tagil COLOR. METAL: Kamensk-Uralsky Krasnouralsk Mednogorsk ORE: KMA Kola Peninsula COAL: Pechora basin Donbass CENTERS: BLACK. METAL: Cherepovets Lipetsk Tula Stary Oskol (EMZ) COLOR. METAL: Kandalaksha Volkhov ORES: Altai Norilsk COAL: Kuzbass Kansko-Achinsk basin South Yakutbass CENTERS CHERN. METAL: Novokuznetsk Angarsk COLOR. METAL: Krasnoyarsk Bratsk Sayanogorsk Process metallurgy - uses scrap metal as raw material.