Countersink presentation. Reamer A reamer is a cutting tool that is needed for finishing holes after drilling, countersinking or boring. Deployment

"Making wire products" - Examples of wire products. Safety precautions. Bending in a bending die. Products made flexible. Learn wire bending techniques. Practical work... Tools and equipment for manual bending. Fundamental rules. Questions for consolidation. Bending of workpieces. Manufacturing of wire products.

"Cutting" - Types of cutting. Milling. Drilling is a type of machining of materials by cutting. Deployment. Countersinking. Broaching. Classification of metal-cutting machine tools according to the degree of automation. Abrasive tools. Classification of metal-cutting machine tools. Chiseling. Grinding is the cutting of metals with abrasive wheels.

"Metal filing" - Rules for manual filing. Filing. Types of filing. Skills formation. Acquaintance with the tools. Control tool. Inspection appearance... Final briefing. Reception of filing a wide plane. Tools and fixtures. Targeted crawls. Student on the topic. File. Sawing flat surfaces.

"Technology in School" - Technology Modules. Materials Science. Machine Science. Sandwich fantasies. Everything in the oven is swords on the table. Modeling, design and manufacture of clothing. Material technology... Needlework. Cooking. We must learn to understand labor as creativity. Professional self-determination.

"Chasing" - Novgorod chasers. Smooth the sheet of foil with cotton wool. Ancillary materials. Materials for embossed works. Chasing. Finishing operation. Making a photo frame from foil. Embossing (foil stamping). Connect the cardboard frame and the foil frame. Artistic chasing. Chaser tools. Sheet metal.

"Threaded connections" - Metric thread. Various thread profiles. Connections. Various voltages. Statically indeterminate schemas. The number of cut planes. Threaded connections. Strength design of RS. Classification of threads. Formation of a helical line. Internal thread diameter. Bolt tightening safety factor.

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Profession: 190631.01 Auto mechanic Discipline: "Locksmithing" Lesson topic: Drilling holes Goals and objectives according to the standard: OK.1 to understand the essence and social significance their future profession, to show a steady interest in it; OK 4. to search for information necessary for the effective performance of professional tasks. The didactic goal of the lesson (activities in a team and in a team, effective communication of teachers) by the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:  analyze the principles of work when drilling holes  classify the types of drills and types of drilling machines  determine the sequence of work when drilling Objectives: To give certain skills to learners when drilling holes.  To cultivate respect for machines and tools. To learn to save materials and working time. To teach accuracy and attentiveness in work. ... Structural – logical diagram of the lesson:. Topic: Drilling 1. Introductory group briefing 3. Types of drills 4. The main parts of the drill 2. Drilling. The value of drilling 5. Drilling machines 6. TB when working with a hand drill and on drilling machines ... Drilling is called the formation of a hole in a solid material by removing chips using a cutting tool - a drill that makes a rotational and translational movement about its axis. Drilling is used - to obtain a low degree of accuracy and roughness - for bolts, glues, studs, etc.  The drill consists of a working (cutting) part of a cylindrical shape and a shank  Grooves are used for cutting out the chips. Cylindrical Combined drills - reamer, drill - reamer, driller. Main parts of the drill Cutting part of the drill To ensure accurate drilling, the parts are fixed firmly on the table in a vice or other fixture. ... Drilling machines Specialized Universal Special Vertical drilling Radial drilling Hand drill Universal vertical drilling machine Universal vertical drilling machine consists of: 1. base plate; 2nd column: 3rd table; 4.headstock (inside the box of feeds and speeds of rotation of the spindle.) 5. spindle, 6. electric motor, 7. drill feed handle. Desktop vertical drilling machine 2M 112 is designed for drilling holes of F no more than 12mm in small parts. The following works are performed on drilling machines: Drilling through and blind holes. Drilling holes.  Countersinking - cylindrical and conical grooves of chamfers.  Reaming - hole roughness accuracy. Tap internal threading. Cutting speed - depends on (part, brand, hole diameter, drill sharpening, depth feed and drill cooling) When drilling, through and blind incomplete holes are distinguished. Drilling along the markings (they apply axial risks and the contour of the future hole) with a center punch. Drilling is carried out in two steps (trial and final) Safe working conditions when working with EL with a drill and on drilling machines. 1. Use a drill to work only with rubber gloves and galoshes or use a rubber mat under your feet. 2. Before turning on the electric drill, you first need to make sure that the wiring and insulation are in good condition, and also the mains voltage for this electric drill corresponds. 3. Turn on the electric drill with the drill removed from the hole, and remove the drill from the chuck after turning it off. 4. Periodically observe the operation of the brushes of the electric motor, in case of arcing, smell or stop, the electric drill must be replaced. It is imperative to stop the machine in case of: 1. Leaving the machine even for a short time, stopping work. 2. Detection of malfunctions in the machine, fixtures, cutting tools. 3.Lubrication of the machine 4.Installation or change of devices and more. 5. Cleaning of the machine, workplace and shavings from the tool, chuck and workpiece. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 1. Correctly place and fix the part and workpiece on the table. 2.Do not leave the key in the chuck after changing the drill. H. Do not touch the rotating spindle or cutting tool. 4.Do not pull the broken cutting tool out of the hole by hand. 5.Do not press hard on the feed lever when drilling. B. Place a wooden backing on the table when changing chuck or drill. 7.Use a special wrench or wedge to remove the chuck, sleeve, drill from the spindle. 8. Constantly monitor the working order of the cutting tool and the device for fastening the workpieces. 9. Do not work on machines with gloves. 10.Do not transmit or receive any objects through the running machine.

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Cutting is technological process, which is carried out on metal-cutting machines by introducing a cutting tool into the body of the workpiece, followed by the release of chips and the formation of a new surface.

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Metal cutting machine - a machine designed for dimensional processing of metal blanks by removing material. History of metal-cutting machine tools. It is believed that the history of machine tools begins with the invention of the caliper. lathe... Around 1751, the French engineer and inventor Jacques de Vaucanson was the first to use a special device for fixing the cutter - thus eliminating the direct influence of the human hand on the shaping of the surface.

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Classification of machine tools Machine tools are classified according to many characteristics. According to the accuracy class, metal-cutting machines are classified into five classes:

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Classification of machine tools by weight:

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Classification of machine tools according to the degree of automation:

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Classification of machine tools according to the degree of specialization:

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The metal-cutting machine has a drive (mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic), with the help of which movement is transmitted to the working bodies: spindle, caliper, etc. The complex of these movements is called formative movements. Shaping movements - movements carried out by a tool and a workpiece, necessary for the cutting process, in the manufacture of parts with the removal of an allowance, on metal-cutting machines.

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Types of machining by cutting Turning (turning, boring, undercutting, cutting). Drilling (reaming, countersinking, countersinking, reaming, counterbore). Planing Chiseling Milling Broaching Sewing Sewing Grinding Finishing methods (polishing, lapping, lapping, honing, superfinishing, shaving).

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Turning is the processing of cutting external and internal cylindrical and conical surfaces, facing, cutting, chamfering, processing of galleries, cutting grooves, cutting internal and external threads on lathes. Turning is one of the most ancient technical operations, which was automated using a primitive lathe. Varieties of turning 1. Turning - processing of external surfaces. 2. Boring - internal surface treatment 3. Undercutting - machining flat end surfaces. 4. Cutting - dividing a workpiece into parts or separating a finished part from a workpiece.

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Purpose of drilling Drilling is a necessary operation for making holes in various materials during their processing, the purpose of which is: making holes for threading, countersinking, reaming or boring. Making holes (technological) for placing in them electric cables, anchor bolts, fasteners, etc. Separation (cutting) of blanks from sheets of material. Weakening of destructible structures. Laying an explosive charge in the extraction of natural stone. Drilling is a type of machining of materials by cutting, in which, using a special rotating cutting tool (drill), holes of various diameters and depths, or polyhedral holes of various sections and depths are obtained.

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Drilling types Drilling of cylindrical holes. Drilling polyhedral and oval holes. Reaming of cylindrical holes (increasing the diameter). To combat heating, cooling is used with the help of cooling or cutting fluids.

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Countersinking is a type of mechanical cutting, in which, with the help of special tools (countersinks), holes or chamfers of various diameters and depths are obtained after preliminary drilling. Countersinking is a semi-finishing cut. Purpose of countersinking Cleaning and smoothing the surface of holes: before threading or reaming; Hole sizing: for bolts, studs and other fasteners; Chamfering: for rounding sharp corners and deburring, also for positioning bolt heads and screws.

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Reaming is a type of machining of materials by cutting, in which, with the help of a special rotating tool (reamers), holes of various diameters and depths are processed with high precision and a low degree of surface roughness, after preliminary drilling and countersinking. Purpose of reaming Obtaining accurate calibrated holes: landing holes for bearings, holes for plungers, shafts, etc.

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Purpose of chiselling Treatment of external surfaces, incl. Processing of internal cylindrical, multifaceted and unequal surfaces (through and "blind" holes and cavities) Cutting of gears of both external and internal gearing. It should be noted that cutting a wheel with internal gearing is possible only by chiselling. Chiseling is a type of machining of metals by cutting, in which the tool (chisel), making reciprocating movements, cuts off the material being processed. Chiseling is very close to another type of material cutting, planing.

Slide 17

Milling is a type of cutting with a tool called a milling cutter. A milling cutter is a cutting tool with several teeth, each of which is a simple cutter. Milling cutter and milling were invented in Germany and Austria in the 17th and 18th centuries, as milling required a strong machine bed with precise bearings, and angular contact bearings were invented by Leonardo da Vinci. Official inventor milling machine is an Englishman Whitney who received a patent for such a machine in 1818.

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Classification * Depending on the location of the machine spindle and the convenience of clamping the workpiece to be processed

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Broaching is a type of metal cutting, in which a specific tool is used, the so-called broaches. Broaching is preceded by preparatory metalworking operations, such as drilling, countersinking, reaming, punching (i.e., a sufficiently precisely machined surface of the workpiece is required to carry out broaching). Pulling application Processing of rifled firearms holes (barrels of pistols, machine guns, cannons). Treatment of seating surfaces of aircraft engine turbine blades. Cutting splines and keyways. Processing of complex external profiles. Calibration of cylindrical, polyhedral, shaped holes. Broaching is used in large-scale and mass production of metal products, and rarely in small-scale and individual ones. Broaches of various designs - external, internal, and mandrels - are some of the most expensive tools for metalworking. Chiselling is used as an alternative to broaching.

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For the manufacture of broaches, medium-alloyed tool steels, high-speed steels, equipping collection broaches and mandrels with hard alloys. When pulling, use abundant cooling of the tool and workpiece coolant. Types of broaching The main types of broaching: Internal broaching. External broaching. mandrel. Incandescence

Slide 22

Grinding is the cutting of metals with abrasive wheels. In grinding, the main cutting movement is the movement of the tool. Distinguish between grinding with the periphery of the abrasive wheel and the end of the wheel, in the first case, the cutting part is the outer surface of the wheel, and in the second case, the end of the wheel. Grinding provides a high cleanliness of the processed surface and high dimensional accuracy of the workpieces. Grinding is done with abrasive tools. An abrasive tool is a solid body consisting of grains of abrasive (grinding) material held together by a bond.

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The overwhelming majority of abrasive tools are used in the form of grinding wheels of various shapes. In addition, they can be used in the form of bars, skins, pastes and powders.

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Polishing or superfinish - mechanical treatment of materials using fine abrasives. It is a finishing operation for the treatment of metallic and non-metallic surfaces. The essence of polishing is the removal of the thinnest layers of the processed material by a mechanical, chemical or electrolytic method and giving the surface a low roughness and mirror shine. Types of polishing Manual polishing (in one-off production and during repair work). Manual polishing using polishing wheels (small batch and one-off production). Machine polishing (serial and large-scale production, precise and unique polishing). Waterjet polishing (large-scale and mass production). Ultrasonic polishing (medium batch production, polishing of hard alloys). Electrolytic polishing (mass production). Chemical-mechanical polishing (processing of hard alloys on a cobalt bond).

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Honing is a type of abrasive processing of materials using honing heads (hon). It is mainly used for processing internal cylindrical holes (from 2 mm). One of the types of finishing and finishing by cutting. Allows to obtain a hole with a deviation from cylindricity up to 5 microns and surface roughness Ra = 0.63 ÷ 0.04.

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Presentation slides text content: DRILLING, COUNTERSUNCHING, COUNTERSINKING AND HOLE REAMING Drilling refers to the formation of chips in a solid material using a rotary and translational drill. Reaming refers to increasing the size of a hole in a solid material. Drill Classification Twist Point Centering Device Twist Drill On the guide part there are two helical grooves, along which the chips come off. The ribbons along the grooves are used to reduce the friction of the drill against the walls of the hole. The angle of sharpening of the drill depends on the material being processed - for steel it is 116 -118o-for brass, bronze 130-140o-for aluminum -130o-for plastic -50-60 o The quality of sharpening is checked with templates with cutouts. Drills are available with helical flutes for better chip flow and straight flutes for drilling holes in brittle materials. Drills with coolant holes are designed for deep hole drilling. Coolant provides cooling to the cutting edges and facilitates chip evacuation. Drills are made from high-speed steel P9, P18, P6M5 and with carbide plates from alloys VK6, VK, T15K6 Center drills are used to obtain center holes. Pen drills are used to drill non-critical holes with hand drills and ratchets COUNTERSING is the processing of the upper part of the hole in order to obtain chamfers or cylindrical recesses (for a countersunk screw or rivet head) Countersinking is performed using countersink tools. punching or drilling - to give them a strict cylindrical shape, increase the accuracy and surface quality. Performed with special tools - countersinks. Countersinking can be a finishing process or a preparatory process for reaming. Cylindrical Countersink Reaming is a finishing process for holes. Provides higher precision and lower roughness. The reamer is a multi-edge tool. The considered hole processing operations are carried out mainly on drilling or turning machines or manually, using cranks or hand or power drills, drilling machines. When working on drilling machines, machine vices and prisms are used to fix the workpieces. In the chuck of the machine, cutting tools with cylindrical shanks (with square shanks for hand wrenches and drills) are fixed Cutting modes 1. The cutting speed is selected depending on the properties of the workpiece material, diameter and other factors. Formula page 37 Muraviev. 2. Feed is the amount of movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece along its axis in one revolution. The depth of cut is the distance between the machined surface and the machined surface, measured perpendicular to the workpiece axis. With an increase in cutting speed, the machining process accelerates, but when working at too high speeds, the drill quickly becomes blunt. Increasing the feed rate beyond the allowable leads to breakage of the drill. The task is to select the optimal modes. DRILLING METHODS Drilling along the markings (single holes). First, axial marks are applied to the part, a circular line of the hole contour, punch a hole in the center to give direction to the drill. Drill in two steps: trial and final drilling Blind holes are drilled using a stop or a measuring ruler fixed on the machine. When drilling blind holes, it is necessary to periodically remove the drill from the hole in order to clean the chips and measure the depth with a caliper depth gauge. Drilling incomplete holes (at the edge of the part). To do this, a plate of the same material is attached to the workpiece and a full hole is drilled, then the plate is removed. Drilling of hollow parts. For this, the cavity is clogged with a wooden stopper. sheet metal They are obtained with feather drills (others will tear the material) Drilling deep holes (more than 5 diameters of the part). Here, first drill the hole with a short drill, then with a normal drill to full depth, periodically removing the drill and removing the chips. The drill length must match the drilling depth. SAFETY RULES FOR DRILLING The work gown must be fastened, on the head - take It is necessary to correctly set and securely fasten the workpieces, do not hold them with your hands. a wooden backing on the machine table for the spindle when changing the chuck or drill Use a special wrench to change the drill Do not work with blunt tools Do not pass or receive any objects through the working table Do not work with gloves Do not lean on the machine Work with protective goggles Do not remove chips with your hands Do not lean close to the drill to look work results CHECK QUESTIONS 1.What is drilling? 2.What is the design of twist drills? 3.List the types of drills 4.What is countersinking and what tool is performed? 5.What is countersinking? 6.When is hole reaming applied? 7.What p Cutting modes should be taken into account when drilling? 8.What are the helical grooves on the drills? 9.What is the safety of work when drilling? 10.Drilling techniques

Reamer A reamer is a cutting tool that is used for finishing holes after drilling, countersinking or boring. Reaming achieves accuracy up to 6-9 quality and surface roughness up to Ra = 0.32 ... 1.25 microns. Reamers are classified: according to the shape of the holes to be machined: - cylindrical - conical according to the method of application: - machine - manual according to the shape of the chip grooves: - spur - helical according to the type of tool material: - hard alloy - from high-speed steel

Countersink Countersinks are multi-edge cutting tools for processing cylindrical and tapered holes in parts to increase their diameter, improve surface quality and accuracy. Types of countersinks: By the type of processing: - cylindrical countersinks - conical countersinks - face countersinks By the type of attachment: - tail - mounted On the type of design: - solid - prefabricated

Countersink design - The main angle φ for high-speed steel countersinks is 45-60; hard alloy; - The rake angle for countersinks made of high-speed steel γ = 8-15 during processing steel parts; γ = 6-8 when processing cast iron; γ = 25-30 when processing non-ferrous metals and their alloys. A carbide counterbore has γ = 5 degrees for cast iron and γ = 0-5 degrees for steel. -Rear angle α = 8-10 degrees; angle of inclination of the helical groove ω = For better tool guidance, the countersink teeth have a cylindrical chamfer with a width of 1.2-2.8 mm

Application Countersinking is used for "finishing drilled," cast or forged holes with accuracy class 4 and 45, as well as for their preliminary processing for reaming.