the main Internet professions Professions for girls humanities. Humanities has a large selection of promising specialties

Professions for girls humanities. Humanities has a large selection of promising specialties

Just over a year and a half separates you from graduation. Many of you already approximately represent in which university, lyceum, college they will continue their education, someone else hesitates, but someone has made a choice a long time ago and part of the way has already been passed. But it is also useful for them to reflect once again on what professional opportunities are opened by profile social and humanitarian training, what problems may arise in future professional activities.

PUBLIC NEEDS AND WORLD OF PROFESSIONS

The concept of "profession" is quite broad and means a kind of work activity, occupations that require some training. You know from the course of history that the beginning of professional stratification was laid by the first major social divisions of labor, specialization in various types of economic activity.
Over the millennia of civilization, the range of occupations has expanded immensely. Constantly growing needs of people, thirst for knowledge lead to the development of science and technology, which, in turn, leads to the emergence of new needs, and with them new professions. According to sociologists, currently in our country there are more than 20 thousand professions. And today their number continues to increase. Along with the emergence of new professions, part of the traditional, and sometimes even relatively recent, occupations die off.
The increase in knowledge, the increase in the requirements of society to the results of work led to the emergence within professions of narrower activities, called specialties. For example, the legal profession includes such professions as lawyer, prosecutor, judge, within which, in turn, there is an even narrower specialization: civil lawyer, criminal lawyer, juvenile judge, prosecutors engaged in the investigation of economic crimes, organized crime etc.
In a market economy there is a pile market. The cost of scarce professions is high, i.e., those in which the need has already arisen, and the people who own them are extremely few, as well as complex professions, where finding the masters of their work is quite difficult. At the same time, there are quite a few professions in which labor is not paid too high, but society needs them. There is always a demand for these professions, and this is very important, since employment is practically guaranteed. In our country, among the humanitarian professions, the professions of teachers, librarians, kindergarten teachers, and a number of others are so popular, but not highly paid.

Today, sociologists are talking about a new phenomenon in Russian life - “redundant education”. Its essence is that, on the one hand, in the total number of unemployed, the number of people with higher education increases, and on the other, the number of university graduates working not only in their specialties, but in positions that do not require higher education. So, today the number of managers, lawyers more than doubles the need of society, economists more than they need, by one third. In the same list of actors, directors, pop singers, etc.

PROFESSIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND COMPETITION IN THE LABOR MARKET

In the modern world, education is one of the most important social values. Under certain conditions, it opens up access to other public goods: social status, material well-being, social sustainability.
Today in our country after graduation young people do not receive guaranteed employment, as it was two decades ago. The young specialist should be employed independently. The fact that not all graduates are successful in the labor market, statistics show: 40% of the total number of unemployed are people under the age of 30 years.
So, the first thing that will allow to successfully compete in the labor market is the quality of education. Of course, a diploma from Moscow State University, MGIMO and another two or three dozen prestigious educational institutions is a good recommendation, but it does not give a full guarantee of employment. Practical skills are required, for a number of professions - communicative skills and many others, which are valued today by employers. Employment on an ongoing basis is often preceded by a trial period, during which it turns out that the future specialist has the presence or absence of these qualities.
Another prerequisite for successful employment is the presence of at least a small length of service. He testifies that a person has already acquired, even if elementary, practical skills that complement theoretical training. Therefore, it is desirable to start working while studying. It is difficult, but it is acquired seniority. And if a student works in his chosen specialty, then the beginnings of professionalism appear. It is possible to master skills that are impossible to acquire without practice, to quickly detect gaps in the knowledge gained, which makes learning more meaningful.

MOTIVES OF CHOICE OF PROFESSION

In addition to knowledge and skills, it is necessary, as already noted, to have certain inclinations and abilities to the chosen professional activity. Meanwhile, according to statistics, young people rarely take into account the presence of such abilities, and most often the motive of their choice is the prestige or sign of the profession.
Nowadays, the prestige of the profession is formed under the influence of the media, as well as works of modern literature and cinema. Most often flashed on television, become the protagonists of film productions, investigators, lawyers, politicians, economists, financiers, entertainers, television journalists, TV presenters. Similarly, the scale of preferences of modern graduates of schools is being built in the same way. According to statistics, in 2004 the legal profession took the first place in the prestige pyramid. Behind it were a businessman, a bank employee, a translator, a programmer, a secretary-assistant, a scientific worker, preferably an economist, an architect, a foreign trade worker, a journalist, a politician, a high school teacher, a writer, humanities scholars.
A significant motive in choosing a profession is also the attractiveness of the educational content, the range of academic disciplines to be studied at the university.
Of course, dedication to the process of learning is a very important factor, which significantly improves the quality of acquired knowledge and skills. However, according to research data, such graduates do not always represent where their knowledge will be useful later, where they will be in demand. In the future, this may cause problems in employment, cause disappointment in the chosen profession.

Consider again whether you considered everything when determining your future professional activity, correlate it with social needs and your own capabilities. There is still time to weigh everything, make the necessary changes.

PECULIARITIES OF SOCIAL HUMANITARIAN PROFESSIONS

Judging by the fact that you are in a socio-humanitarian class, it can be assumed that the area of your preferences is to a certain extent outlined, it remains to not make a mistake in choosing a particular profession, and their range is wide. You have an extensive list: a librarian and a journalist, a sociologist and editor, a teacher of humanities in secondary schools and a teacher of humanities in universities, a philosopher, a prosecutor, an art historian, a theater specialist, an elementary school teacher, a kindergarten teacher, a lawyer, an investigator, a linguist, a political scientist , literary critic, psychologist, guide, archivist, translator, archaeologist, research scientist in various branches of humanitarian knowledge, image maker and many others. With all the diversity of occupations of social and humanitarian orientation, they have some common characteristics.
Let's start with the words defining this circle of professions - social and humanitarian. You know that they both descend from the Latin words socialis and humanus, meaning, respectively, "social" and "human, humane."
It follows from this that social and humanitarian knowledge is knowledge about a person and social relations, about what surrounds a person, what somehow has a direct or indirect influence on the development of both a person and society.
Professional activity in this area goes to interpersonal relationships, it is based on interaction with people. Or, as scientists say, social and humanitarian professions are associated with activities in the “person-to-person” system.
Hence it is clear that what is necessary for a professional in this field is the ability to communicate with people, to establish contacts of different nature and duration. Mastering the art of communication, which largely determines professional success, requires knowledge of how to build a dialogue, how to attract an interlocutor or an audience, how to call a closed and frank, without hitting self-esteem, not offending, stop too talkative, how to send a conversation to the right direction, etc. However, this knowledge is unlikely to help in professional activities, if at the same time a person has not acquired relevant personal qualities, for example, such as respect for someone else's opinion, recognized understanding of the right of another person to his point of view, to his position and mistake, delicacy, sincerity, naturalness, flexibility and, of course, tolerance.
Among the important professional qualities of the humanities is empathythat is, the ability to put oneself in the place of another and to feel what the interlocutor or a whole group of people feel, such as an excursion, students in the audience or spectators in the theater hall. The success of a lecturer, actor, teacher, and journalist largely depends on the ability to penetrate the mood of those to whom social action is directed.
Another important feature of the professions of this circle is that they carry elements of creativity, imply the ability to improvise, the willingness to discover new things in a familiar way, the ability to show everyone a familiar subject, a phenomenon from an unexpected side. Without this new vision it is impossible to make a discovery, write an article, a monograph, a textbook, a novel, a novel, conduct a lesson, give a lecture, play a role ...
Like no one else, the humanist should know that the world around us is ambiguous and diverse, that every human person is unique and original and has the right to be herself, different from others, the right to her own destiny and her own world view. In the school textbook it is impossible to tell about all the skills and personal qualities necessary for professionals in the social and humanitarian field, especially since each profession, and even a specialty, requires in addition its own, specific skills and personal qualities. However, it is necessary to call one more common feature - this is permanent learning, which never ends. Moreover, the field of humanitarian professions requires good knowledge from related fields. For example, it is hardly possible to become a high-class sociologist without knowledge of psychology, philosophy, political science, and, conversely, a political scientist needs knowledge of sociology and, of course, psychology and philosophy.
Very important for the future professional humanities knowledge of psychology, political science, sociology, which gives social science, because in their totality they reveal the multifaceted world of man and society of people. Without mastering the aggregate knowledge of a number of social and humanitarian disciplines, it is impossible to become a professional in this field.
Since it is impossible to tell about all humanitarian professions, let us dwell on those that are based on knowledge disclosed in the profile course of social science.

PROFESSION POLITICAL SCIENTIST

In recent years, the profession of a political scientist has become one of the most popular. You already know that political science as a science has two directions: theoretical and applied.

The range of studies of political theorists is extremely wide and interesting. Scientists explore the nature of power, its purpose in society, the limits of power resources, what power can and should, and where its powers should end so that society can develop dynamically and be productive. One of the areas of research is the history of political doctrines, views on politics, the history of the evolution of power. There are scientists who develop the theory of political parties, political leadership, problems of forming political elites and their functions in society, types and nature of leadership. Scientists are in the field of view and such issues as the role and place of political institutions and political systems; various political processes are also being studied. A political research scientist works with books, magazines, newspapers, electronic media, documents. In his work, he uses various scientific methods, including those from related sciences, such as sociology, and even distinguishes a separate scientific branch - political sociology. The research arsenal of a political scientist is an analysis of publications in various publications, a comparative analysis of documents, which implies not only political programs, but also legal documents, letters, and speeches by politicians. To study any phenomenon in the development of a historical approach.
The results of theoretical political science are used by applied political science, which, in turn, provides the richest material for political theory. Mutual enrichment is a feature of any science, and political science is no exception.
The result of applied political science research may be various political projects or, for example, managerial decisions. In addition, scientists working in the field of applied political science, deal with the problems of political marketing, political consulting, political advertising.
What is political advertising, most of you are well on slogans, huge photo panels, commercials on television.
Political marketing is the development and implementation of various political actions that, to a certain extent, contribute to the promotion of political ideas and make them attractive to voters.
Political consulting primarily includes the provision of advisory services, including, inter alia, such activities as public opinion polls, communication with the public. It is used in the development of the strategy of a political party, the goals and ways of using the media, image-maker services, etc.
In general, the work of a political scientist is interesting and diverse by type of activity. So, to support the ideological positions of a politician, conferences are convened, various interviews are published with him and his supporters, etc. In addition, if a political scientist works for an influential political organization, his task may be to create a whole structure that includes various specialists. This includes the press office, people involved in planning propaganda work, those who are involved in relations with other political parties and social movements, who study and shape public opinion, and a group of speech writers, that is, those who prepare speeches of political figures. .
What else can wait for the person who has chosen the profession of a political scientist? A product marketed by political scientists is the intellectual services that those who aspire to power or are already part of the power structures need. This market is quite narrow, and today it is full. Thus, everyone who enters this field should keep in mind that he will have to fight for a place in the sun. As a rule, political scientists, who have not yet gained authority, perform unattractive and hard work. They run through various editorial offices, make their way to meetings with electors of competing politicians (and sometimes it is quite difficult to do this), process the information received at night, answer phone calls, etc. But they are not invited to speak on television, take part in political discussions, their names are not mentioned in the press, they are not asked for advice.
The competition concerns not only those who are engaged in applied political science, but also those who conduct theoretical research. "Prikladniki" pay for the development of "theorists" of the money that gives the political party or a particular politician, acting as buyers of services. It is clear that the attention of politicians is attracted primarily by the results of research conducted by reputable scientists, while theorizing theorists have yet to prove their analytical skills.
It should be remembered that many political scientists work under a certain social and political order. It is not they who choose one or another political elite with which they will provide services, but, on the contrary, the political elite buys the services of political scientists. What's wrong with that? The fact is that in these cases, the specialist of this branch of knowledge sometimes has to give up his own political preferences, create an image of a policy that he does not respect, push through political ideas that he does not share.

PROFESSION SOCIOLOGIST

The life of modern society is very dynamic, almost every day we have to solve some problems, complex and not so local and global. In order for the decisions made regarding the lives of many people to be optimal, the help of sociologists is needed.
For most people, a sociologist is someone who stops them on the street or makes phone calls and asks them to answer questions from a questionnaire. However, this is only a small and visible part of the work of a sociologist.
A sociologist is first and foremost a specialist who collects and processes diverse information about various aspects of social life. His studies provide insights into both society as a whole and its individual subjects, for example, firms, public organizations, and social groups. The focus of sociologists and answers to some of the most important questions are: what is a person in a particular society, what are the most common forms of his behavior, what are his priorities in politics, economics, ethics, how, in what forms do people from different social groups interact ? Etc.
Public opinion polling is one of the most important and very complex components of sociological research. It is not so easy to hold. In order for the study to be representative, that is, reliable, it is necessary to determine how many and which people need to be interviewed. It is clear that in the village of the Altai Territory and in the urban-type urban-type settlement people live in different socio-economic conditions and differ in culture, just as Moscow residents and, for example, Torzhok, Tver Region, also differ from each other in this and many other parameters. Eighty man, graduated from 7 classes in the 30s. XX century, according to tastes, views on life, its social needs will differ from a thirty-year-old agronomist with a higher education. So, it is necessary to determine how many and what kind of people need to be interviewed, in which regions, in which localities. In the language of sociologists, this is called “sampling,” and it cannot be done once, it is done for every sociological study, depending on its goals.
The preparation of questionnaires is just as difficult, therefore experts are involved in their development. Their main task is to ensure that the answers to the questionnaire provide the necessary and important information. The obtained information is processed using special techniques, analyzed, and recommendations are drawn up based on the findings.
Where do sociologists need? In our time it is difficult to find any sphere of public activity that would not need sociological research. This is the tourism business, the public utilities, industry, education, culture, book publishing, and, as mentioned earlier, politics, etc. In order to conduct a sociological study, in addition to the above, you need to have charm, communication skills, to be able to show interest, to be able not only to listen, but also to hear a person.
Everything said concerns applied sociology, but there is also theoretical sociology, which studies the problems of social groups, classes, strata, problems of interpersonal and intergroup interactions, the nature of various social conflicts, etc. As in political science, sociological studies require reference to books magazines, newspapers, documents, electronic media ... And just as theoretical and applied political science interact, theoretical and applied sociology cannot do without each other ogia
Of course, as in every other activity, the profession of a sociologist has its own difficulties and problems. Probably should not go into this area of human activity, at least in applied sociology, those who are not inclined to careful, painstaking analysis, who, as they say, are dazzled by numbers. But the complexity is not only that. Today defined sociological centers that enjoy prestige. It is supported by both a high level of professionalism and uncompromising, since the leaders of these centers do not allow falsification of the research results. Getting to work in such centers is quite difficult. That is why for a young specialist, employment is a problem, and he can find a job in such a sociological center, which charges data for a fee. So willingly or unwittingly, you can be involved in a massive deception of people.
Many business enterprises acquire their own sociological services, and, in addition, there are centers serving enterprises that do not have their sociologists. And since, unlike politicians, the production sphere is always interested in objective research, in this case it is unlikely that you will have to deceive.
Concluding the conversation about the work of a sociologist, it should be said that today in Russia this is a relatively new profession. In the USSR, sociology was not widely developed. At present, sociology is a rapidly developing science, today this profession is in demand and work can be found, though not always well-paid.

PROFESSION PSYCHOLOGIST

In recent years, this profession has become very popular. Psychologists themselves explain this by the fact that the life of modern people, especially those who live in megalopolises, has become extremely tense and the human nervous system does not always cope with such heavy loads. So, one of the tasks of a professional psychologist is to help people, and applied psychology is involved in this. Today, the knowledge and skills of psychologists are needed primarily in emergency situations. Probably, you heard about psychologists working in the “Red Cross” society in the Emergencies Ministry brigades. Their task is to bring people out of the state of psychological shock, their rehabilitation, restoration of a normal mental state. Psychologists leave to help freed hostages, people who have experienced severe psychological stress during natural disasters, terrorist acts, etc. Since recently emergencies occur more and more often, the need for knowledge and skills of these specialists is constantly increasing.
The help of psychologists is needed not only in extreme conditions. Psychologists work in schools where children with inappropriate behavior, such as those who constantly violate discipline, fall behind in school, have difficulty in communicating with classmates or for some reason find themselves in a stressful situation, are in the focus of their attention. In all these cases, in order to assist, the school psychologist conducts comprehensive work, that is, he influences not only a specific student, but also his parents and teachers. He finds out the possible reasons that led to the problems that have arisen, develops the course of conduct necessary for all participants, conducts conversations with them, builds a rehabilitation program, etc.
You have probably heard about psychological services that anyone can turn into in a difficult psychological situation: shock after losing loved ones, family problems, difficulties at work, a constantly haunting feeling of insecurity, etc. In recent years, more and more services have arisen. .
Knowledge of the internal motives of this or that behavior, skills of their adequate assessment are necessary in medical institutions, in prisons, hospices, in forensic medical institutions, etc.
The work of social psychologists is demanded by firms and enterprises whose leaders are interested in a stable and productive work of the team. In these cases, the task of social psychologists is to prevent the emergence of a conflict situation, and if this is not possible, then their actions are necessary for the timely resolution of the conflict. Therefore, social psychologists are often invited to meetings where difficult decisions are made leading to a conflict situation. There are many cases where the participation of the psychological service of the enterprise had a positive impact on the production performance. So, one Canadian firm was faced with the fact that the productivity of workers began to decline sharply. They invited psychologists who, as a result of the study, found out that during the repair, the walls of the workshops were painted in colors of orange and yellow shades that caused emotional irritation, which, in turn, increased fatigue. Having listened to the conclusion and recommendations of psychologists, the heads of the company repainted the walls in the colors of greenish shades, and the problem was solved.
Of course, work in the field of applied psychology would be impossible without the research of theoretical psychology. A huge contribution to world science made in the first half of the XX century. Russian psychological science. The works of L. Vygotsky, S. Rubinstein, L. Luria, P. Halperin, A. Leontiev and many others enriched theoretical and, as a result, applied psychology.
As in other scientific areas investigating human problems, the main research methods in theoretical psychology are the methods of questioning, testing, interviewing, observation, studying psychological literature, etc. Naturally, all these methods differ from similar methods used in other sciences. . For example, psychological questionnaires do not look like sociological ones.
Today, the field of theoretical studies of psychologists is very wide: the nature of conflicts, both social and interpersonal, intellectual activity of a person, behavioral deviations, motivational sphere, people's behavior in extraordinary circumstances, the study of the causes of high or low self-esteem, etc. Today theoretical psychology often works in close contact with theoretical political science, sociology. And, as in other sciences, the fields of applied and theoretical psychology not only overlap, but also condition the development of each other.
The difficulties of the work of a psychologist largely coincide with the difficulties encountered by professionals in other social and humanitarian fields. For example, theoretical psychologists are far from always able to find a research base: sometimes institutions are denied the request of scientists to test or question employees, often schools and medical institutions are denied such help, etc. It is difficult to find volunteers for laboratory research, they often become students enrolled in this specialty, but such an experiment is not always sufficiently “clean” from a scientific point of view.
Despite the fact that the need for specialists in this profile is growing steadily, nevertheless, finding an interesting and well-paid job is not so easy. Not all large firms consider it necessary to have a psychological service. There is a great need for psychologists to work in educational institutions and medical institutions. It is interesting for a specialist to work there, but the salary is rather low.

PROFESSION TEACHER

Often, representatives of the humanitarian professions combine scientific or practical activities with the work of a teacher in a higher or secondary educational institution. It also happens that, having received a diploma of a philosopher, a sociologist, a political scientist, a person finds his place in secondary school in teaching social studies. The profession of a high school teacher attracts part of the graduates, and the profession of a high school teacher, unfortunately, is regarded by many as a fallback. According to sociological research data, the profession of a secondary school teacher by its attractiveness takes the 27th place and is adjacent to the professions of a waiter, tailor and a miner. And this is despite the fact that for many centuries the profession of a teacher has been considered the most peaceful and humane profession on Earth.

The professional activities of secondary school teachers and teachers working in higher and secondary specialized educational institutions have a lot in common. Despite the fact that in public opinion, creativity is often associated with the professions of artists, artists, and writers, nevertheless, the profession of a teacher and a teacher is one of the creative. Their work is both the work of an actor, a theater director, and a screenwriter. And also a teacher, especially a school teacher, is a psychologist, and a universal one: he needs to know, feel, understand a student, a class, and parents. In addition, when developing a lesson, a university lecture, it is necessary to know the psychology of perception of the knowledge being transmitted, the psychology of learning the material.
Of course, there is a difference between a school teacher and a university teacher. This difference is due to the fact that each of them deals with a person in different age periods. The schooling stage is a period of intensive growth and the formation of a personality. The teacher helps this process: teaches how to think and understand the educational material, forms the ways of thinking of the students, corresponding to the modern culture. But in this process, questions and tasks given to students should not only correspond to their physical maturity, but also contribute to their development. In addition, the school teaches to learn, it teaches to read, write, make plans, write notes, understand what it is about, gives the fundamentals of scientific knowledge, teaches to navigate in literature, etc. Therefore, preparing for the lesson, the teacher reads not only textbook and scientific literature, in the arsenal of its preparation necessarily includes more and methodical literature. With its help, he builds up a possible lesson scenario: goal, questions, tasks, provides for difficulties that students may encounter, thinks about how to convey the most important thing so that the knowledge gained is filled with meanings and the world appears in all its amazing originality.

A person who has already been prepared to study on his own enters a higher educational institution, therefore university teachers, unlike a school teacher, do not explain new material, but lecture. The peculiarity of their activity is connected not with the transfer of the fundamentals of knowledge, but with the introduction into the world of science. The university lecturer is also preparing for a lecture, but this preparation is different from teacher preparation: he needs to immerse students in the world of science, the world of scientific research, and introduce them to unsolved problems. Therefore, he sits in the library, learns about recent research, reads monographs, collections of articles, journals, compares different points of view on his scientific discipline, etc.
Different from the school lesson and student seminars. Their task is to help students deal with questions that were incomprehensible. Practical familiarity with the future profession takes place in these classes; For example, students of pedagogical universities present their own development of lessons, hold games, the purpose of which is to get acquainted with the basics of pedagogical skills. At the seminars, students also study the elements of research activities, familiarize their fellow students with the results of their scientific research.
Thus, the seminar is a discussion of the most complex lecture questions, and the presentation of reports and essays, and practical activities. Therefore, seminars are a more independent activity of students.
The profession of a teacher and a university teacher - a profession in demand, today there are no unemployed among them. However, in spite of the fact that this work brings joy and satisfaction, it nevertheless is associated with a large number of difficulties (a small salary disproportionate to the importance of labor, while at the university teacher it is not higher than the teaching one, despite its academic degree, which is a necessary condition his work; besides, the working day does not end with a lesson or a lecture: the teacher continues to do so later, and even sometimes in his spare time he throws his family or puts other personal problems aside and goes with their wards on an excursion, to the theater, to a school evening, and also a cool hour, checking diaries, cleaning the class, parent meetings and pedagogical advice, etc. And you should always show maximum delicacy, knowledge, understanding).

PROFESSION SOCIAL TEACHER

The profession of a social teacher is becoming more and more demanded every year, which is an indicator of the growing responsibility of society for the fate of the younger generation, their real understanding that the future of the country depends on the level of culture and upbringing of young people.
The range of duties of a social teacher is quite wide, they work in various social services, such as centers for helping families and children, centers for social services, guardianship agencies, juvenile affairs commissions and, of course, in orphanages and children's boarding schools. Their task is the implementation of social protection of children in difficult situations, so the attention of a social teacher can get as children living in families and children in orphanages, shelters, boarding schools.
Despite the fact that the work places are different, the activities of social teachers are similar. In all cases, to provide qualified assistance to the child, it is necessary to carry out a whole range of activities aimed at finding out the reasons for his deviating behavior, which may be due to a variety of factors, such as an unfavorable family situation, diseases caused by heredity, psychological trauma, etc. That is why Helping a child begins with the study of the medical and psychological characteristics of his personality. In the course of such a study, the social pedagogue should identify the interests and needs of the child, the problems causing psychological, intellectual, behavioral difficulties. Since the development and formation of a personality takes place in a certain social environment, it also comes to be in the zone of attention of a specialist of this profile. The study of the child’s social environment is also multifaceted and includes both material living conditions, a way of communicating, a range of interests, needs of members of a given social group, and conflict situations, etc. Such a complex and multifaceted study is connected with the fact that the social teacher’s activities is aimed at a suffering child, and his mistake can lead to a complete degradation of the individual, to the loss of society of a person who could live a full and useful life for themselves and people. Therefore, the study helps to determine the tasks that the social pedagogue must solve in order to help a child in a difficult situation, as well as the forms and methods of psychological and pedagogical work, ways of solving personal and social problems.
The assistance provided to children in need of protection may be different and include, for example, material, psychological support for the family and thus contribute to the improvement of the family microclimate. This may be mediating with organizations, institutions, the purpose of which is social protection, for example, working with the teaching staff of the school, with guardianship agencies, with the commission on juvenile affairs, placing a child in a club, circle, etc.
As already mentioned, social teachers work in different institutions. If either the parents or the children themselves often come voluntarily to family and children’s help centers, in the orphanage or in the orphanage most often the child turns against his will, therefore the activities of the social pedagogue, besides the child’s always present individuality, are greatly affected by the specific conditions in which he has to act. In one case, the growing up personality has an indirect effect that must be taken into account by the teacher, just like the fact that the child was in an alien environment, and consequently, in a stressful situation. Observing a child day after day, a social pedagogue often becomes not only a professional assistant for solving various kinds of problems, but also a true friend, the only person who can talk about things that have become painful.
In cases where the child continues to be in the family, the environment continues to have a direct impact on its development, and this effect can remain negative, sometimes even if the arrival in the social assistance service was voluntary. Thus, when organizing assistance, a social pedagogue should build his work with this influence in mind.
In addition to the social educator, there are social work professionals. This is addressed to them by the juvenile affairs commissions, schools, guardianship agencies, the public, and social educators if the child needs to be placed in an orphanage, a shelter or a boarding school, if it is necessary to provide social assistance, for example, to give a ticket to the camp, free food packages or give him the opportunity to dine at the shelter for free. The same specialists organize public defense of the rights of juvenile offenders, at the request of the judges provide psychological and pedagogical expertise, act in court as their public defender or as a third party.
The responsibilities of social work professionals also include advising all interested parties on social protection issues and solving such a complex issue as the preparation of materials on deprivation of parental rights or on restriction of parental rights.
The complexity and versatility of the work of social teachers and specialists require a high-quality and versatile education: knowledge of psychology, pedagogy, physiology, sociology, jurisprudence, and other academic disciplines necessary for this profession. However, the most important components of this professional activity are personal qualities such as sensitivity, delicacy, empathy, tolerance.
So, the representatives of these professions can be research scientists, work in the applied field of knowledge, and can also work as university teachers and school teachers, and in our days it is often the case that a person performs in all three guises, which enriches his knowledge and , as a result, its activities.
In order to get a profession related to the field of social and humanitarian knowledge, it is not always necessary to enroll in an institution of higher education, some professions also require specialized secondary education. Therefore, it is already desirable to buy a reference book for those entering various educational institutions, to see which specialists and in which branches of knowledge are trained in them, where they are located, and knowledge of which educational disciplines are especially needed. As a rule, all educational institutions in the spring hold open-door days, and, despite the fact that this academic year you will not enroll in high school, lyceum or college, you should go and get to know the educational institutions closer.
In the near future you have to make a difficult and important choice; do not hurry, consider and weigh the pros and cons, including your abilities, opportunities, honestly determine the motives of your choice. After all, a happy person is not a rich person, but one who has found himself and lives in harmony with his conscience.
Basic concepts:profession social and humanities.

1. What are the professions that have appeared recently, but which existed for a very short time? Analyze the reasons that led to their early "death."
2. Based on the knowledge of the social science course and knowledge of history, disclose the reasons for the actualization of the problem of choosing a profession in the 20th century.
3. Describe the public goods that education provides. Prove that these benefits have value for each person.
4. How can you explain that the teaching profession has a very low rating in the graduates' professional preferences?
5. Scientists say that education and the right chosen profession allow a person to be socially mobile. Prove the connection between professional choice and personal mobility. Explain the importance of mobility to a person.
6. In the paragraph given a professiogram only a small number of professions. Make a professiogram of any two professions: journalist, psychologist, TV presenter, art historian, guide, kindergarten teacher.
7. How do you think, what are the reasons for competition in the vocational education market? What impact does this competition have on the quality of educational services? Using knowledge of the social science course and based on your life experience, formulate criteria that the applicant should consider when choosing an educational institution.
8. Based on the knowledge of literature, give examples of literary characters, the cause of the drama which was their lack of demand.
9. The paragraph states that, working in different areas of professional activity, the specialist enriches his knowledge and improves his professional activity. Prove the correctness of this statement.
10. The paragraph states that social science is a necessary educational subject for the humanities. Based on the material of § 2-3, determine what knowledge of philosophy, sociology, political science, social psychology provides for your chosen profession.

Work with the source

In the 20s. XX century. There were heated discussions on the role of philosophy in the life of man and society. These disputes attracted the attention of many scientists, and one of them was Ivan Aleksandrovich Ilyin. His thoughts on what philosophy is, what is its place in the life of people, what a philosopher should be, he outlined in his work “The Problems of Spiritual Culture and Religious Philosophy”.

Philosophical science, as such, rests on objective experience, that is, on a tested, correct, adequate perception of the studied subject by the learning soul. Without this perception, the soul of the philosopher remains cognitively powerless and incompetent. So, a consciousness that does not perceive pure ... concepts cannot formulate the laws of logic; a soul that turns away from the testimony of conscience is powerless to judge good and evil ... The most ordinary, abstract thinking, with all its “formality,” is a kind of experience, and this experience needs culture.
... Philosophy as a science, based on objective experience, is not only not alien to life, but is connected with it by the deepest and most precious connection. A real, big philosophy, deserving its name and leading to real wisdom, is composed in a substantive experience and a true knowledge of those values through which human life itself receives its meaning and its meaning; it explores the things for which man and mankind only have to live on Earth; and the study requires the researcher to have a genuine life in the subject ...
The philosopher, like a poet, artist and scientist, like a politician and a prophet, feeds consciously or unconsciously, volens aut nolens 1 , the spiritual experience of his people. He has a homeland, that is, a national spiritual culture in which his individual spirit took shape, with his favorite and leading objects, with his creative act, with his life convictions; from this spiritual culture feeds - both positively and negatively - his personal experience and his personal informative work ...
Philosophy is born in the life of the spirit and from the spiritual life. Therefore, one who wants to create it must first of all begin a spiritual life, he must be spiritual.
Questions and tasks:1) What is the basis, in the opinion of I. A. Ilina, of real philosophy? 2) What, according to the author, the main subject of the study of philosophy as a science? 3) What are the requirements of the philosophy of the science of philosophy of science and why? 4) The author claims: "A soul that turns away from the testimony of conscience is powerless to judge good and evil." Do you agree with the point of view of the author? 5) The author argues that the philosopher must feed on the spiritual experience of his people. What do you think, what place in philosophical science should be given to the world spiritual experience? How can national and world spiritual experiences be combined in the works of the philosopher?

Conclusions to chapter I

1. Social science (social science) is not only one of the school disciplines, but also a system of sciences about society, about the forms and laws of its development, about the current state of society, its history and prospects, different from the natural sciences. At the same time, this is a set of public knowledge about itself, including, in addition to scientific, also non-scientific (pre-scientific, everyday, etc.) forms of knowledge. Socio-humanitarian knowledge combines the results of two types of knowledge: on the one hand, the social sciences, focused on the study of structures, common connections and patterns, and on the other - humanitarian knowledge, aimed at a specific description of the phenomena and events of public life, human interactions and personalities.
The unity of social science is determined by the common problems facing people in their joint and individual life, the connection of global problems and the problems of individual self-realization of people.
2. Philosophy has a special place in the system of social and humanitarian knowledge. Philosophy is a different form of comprehension of the material and spiritual world from science. The main problem in it is the problem of the meaning of life. Philosophy is focused on understanding the main problems of human existence and on their evolution, on defining the boundaries of human self-realization in relations with nature, culture, with various types of means of life developed by social evolution. Philosophical knowledge differs from other types of knowledge in that it is deeply personal, as it affects the vital interests of a person, prompting him to certain actions.
Differing from science, philosophy is closely connected and interacts with it. Although philosophy excludes particular problems of science from its consideration, it takes into account their achievements and relies on the entire experience of the spiritual mastery of the world.
3. Even a brief insight into the history of philosophy allows us to conclude that for thousands of years people have tried to understand the world in which they live. In the works of the eminent thinkers of the past, the vertices of human thought, the wisdom of the ages, are enclosed. History shows that social sciences were separated from philosophy and took shape as independent spheres of knowledge only in modern times. Profound transformations in the modern world, rapid changes in the conditions of human life in our time generate the need for a scientific study of modern society, for a philosophical understanding of the new problems that humanity faces.
4. Social and humanitarian education opens the way to many modern professions. Society demanded and teachers of social sciences in schools and universities, and scientists in the field of social sciences, and social workers, and specialists who are able to study specific situations in the areas of social and interpersonal relations, politics, science, education, as well as competently advise in these areas . Each profession has its own attractive aspects; however, each of them has its own specific difficulties, and labor is not always worthily rewarded. When choosing ways of further education, it is important to take into account their own interest in a particular science, and all aspects of the subsequent professional activity.

Questions and tasks for chapter I

1. When discussing the question of the relationship between social and natural sciences, among various points of view, the following was also expressed: there is no difference between social and natural science forms and methods of cognition. Social knowledge is scientific only if it uses the same forms and methods as natural science. Another understanding of the problem was put forward: there is nothing in common between natural science and social cognition, since social cognition is directed not towards nature, but towards the sphere of human activity. And one more look at the problem: representatives of the natural and social sciences "eat one dish, but with different ends and different spoons." What is your point of view? Give arguments in her favor.
2. Which of the ideas presented in this chapter by the thinkers of the distant and recent past have caused your greatest interest? Explain why.
3. Using the reference book for applicants to universities or the Internet, write down those educational institutions that have specializations in philosophy, sociology, political science, and psychology (you can limit yourself to your region). Issue information about them in the form of a table in which designate universities (faculties), the name of entrance examinations, professions that graduates receive.
4. Let us assume that there will be a meeting with young specialists - a researcher at the center for sociological research and a school psychologist and you want to learn as much as possible about their professions. Write down the questions you would ask them.

Preparing for the exam

1. The social sciences listed below include:
1) anatomy;
2) ethics;
3) genetics;
4) mathematics.
2. Exclude the superfluous from the list of social sciences:
1. History;
2) political science;
3) genetics;
4) jurisprudence.
3. Are the following statements true?
A. Natural science and the humanities are branches of one science as a whole.
B. The subject of social cognition is the sphere of human activity in its diverse forms.
1) Only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) true A and B;
4) both statements are incorrect.
4. Write three sentences containing the concept of "social and humanitarian knowledge" and giving any information about this knowledge.

Socioeconomic occupations are among the most sought-after in the labor market in both the public and private segments. They require constant dedication, sometimes sacrifice in favor of the interests of the neighbor, diplomacy, helpfulness and goodwill. To be brief, this area of activity can to synonymize with the phrase "carrying a fair good."

Social work as a profession

Deserves special attention, it is one of the most morally complex and is associated with deeply personal relationships in the family. A person performing this work must have a number of positive characteristics, be professionally fit for social activities, morally resistant to the problems of strangers, not thick-skinned and apathetic.

Every day an employee of the socio-economic sphere passes through the problems of other people, sees injustice, improves the climate both in the family and in society as a whole.

The profession of a social worker is inextricably linked to resolving conflicts in the family, working with socially disadvantaged groups (these can be both children and adults), searching for a way out of the situation, improving the quality of life of people with disabilities and elderly people. Social work is charity and total dedication. Not every person can assume such sacrificial duties, which confirms the lack of professional fit employees in the social sphere.

Socio-economic professions

Submitted by such vacancies as: sociologist, social worker, social teacher. Graduates of economic departments of universities - accountants, marketers, personnel managers, economists also belong to the socio-economic sector, but most often considered a priori social direction.

Despite the fact that the socio-economic professions in general are a wide range of professional sciences, a simple man in the street associates them with social workers from the public sector. Let us take a closer look at the specifics and orientation of such a field as social and economic science and, using an example, we will examine the main professions of this segment of science.

Profession social worker

Appeared in the late 90s due to the need to assist people with disabilities, pensioners, socially vulnerable children, refugees, as well as citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations.

The main field of activity of social workers is assistance in purchasing food products, paying for public utilities, purchasing medicines, protecting the rights of minors, representing the interests of children and refugees in various branches of legal protection.

A person who has connected his life with this type of activity must be humane, decent, honest, and responsive. Psychological preparedness of the employee plays an equally important role, since the main category of wards is single pensioners, for whom moral support is more important than domestic help.

Profession social teacher

People of this profession often work in school, kindergarten, orphanage. Their direct responsibility is

protection of the rights and freedoms of the minor,
assisting the child, analyzing the situation,
development of adaptation programs
creating a supportive learning environment
parental advice
reducing the crime situation with the participation of minors,
methodical work.

The age of this type of activity is just over fifteen years old. Social educator is one of the youngest professions in modern Russia, which has proved its necessity.

The profession of social psychologist

People of this profession work in schools, kindergartens, orphanages. The main direction of their activity is

diagnostics of problem situations,
finding a solution to the problem
creating a favorable school climate
parental advice
psychological work with children.

This "therapist for the child's soul" is designed to help children in disadvantaged families, to prevent and prevent the child from becoming a criminal path.

Law and Social Security - Profession

Specialists in this branch of science are legal counsel and ensure compliance with social legislation.

Privileges,
insurance premiums
recalculations
surcharges
payments ...

Specialists in law and social security organizations are obliged to strictly monitor the legality of social welfare of citizens, identify violations and advise citizens.

Professions of social and economic orientation are necessary for the full development of modern society, helping people in difficult situations.

Major Humanities

The most popular specializations today include:

…and many many others.

Specifics

The specificity of humanitarian training involves the development of a person's mental, social, spiritual, cultural and moral spheres of life. The humanities, unlike the exact ones, emphasize versatility, develop a person’s ability to think and analyze events and facts. This is also taken into account in wages, which are many times superior to the working specialties.

Interesting vacancies for humanists in reputable companies

In terms of importance in the labor market diploma of a humanitarian university, many specialties can successfully compete with the exact sciences. Today's employer has a consistently high demand for legal specialists, philologists, art historians and religious scholars. Many employers give preference to humanities for their versatile thinking, a tendency to analyze and the ability to show hidden talents.

Do what?

Upon admission to the university is required, first of all, the successful passing of the exam. Already in the last grades of school, it is critically important to determine the future profile of higher education in order to focus on preparing for entrance examinations to the university. It should be noted that, depending on the preferences of the applicant, the competition of participants for one student place is very different. If such specialties as law, English philology and psychology show a consistently high competition, then history, geography, and pedagogy are somewhat easier at the entrance stage.
Choosing a specialty before entering is a very important step for a future career.

When entering the university should be understood that the specialty will help you in the future to achieve their goals. The humanitarian specialty will help, depending on your goals, or to continue studying in graduate school, or to find yourself in various spheres of public life. History remembers many examples when humanities achieved unprecedented heights in life. It is possible that in time this list will be added to your list too.

Should I go to study in humanities departments

When choosing a profession, each person faces the problem of demand for the profession he chose. Of course, first of all, the future profession should be enjoyable and provide material well-being. In order to properly evaluate the chosen specialty, you need to know how demanded are specialists with such a profession. Let's look at how the ranking of humanitarian professions is distributed among employers.

The most popular humanities for men:

Lawyers of the most diverse areas (there is a steady decline in the rating);
Medical workers (a tendency to increase the ranking of professions related to the fight against aging);
Teachers of schools and universities (humanitarian subjects);
Humanitarian specialists in the field of creating artificial intelligence (psychologists, linguists, etc.);
Politicians of different levels (if, of course, you can call it a profession);
Diplomatic personnel of wide specialization (knowledge of several languages).

It should be noted the low level of demand for such professions as a historian, archeologist, archival worker, not to mention writers and poets. Very weakly employers are interested in experts in the field of journalism. Professional actors, directors, screenwriters also remain on the lowest lines of ratings.

Popular humanities for women:

The main trend of modern liberal education is the need to study technical sciences. Every humanist specialist today is obliged to know the basics of computer science and confidently use a computer and other means of communication. The integration of humanitarian and technical professions is becoming more and more tangible. From all this we can conclude that a professional humanist for successful career growth must possess basic knowledge in the field of information technology. This will make it possible to apply in their work the latest achievements of modern science in any humanitarian field.

Everyone knows that a humanitarian mindset predisposes to professions that need linguistic abilities and philosophical thoughts. Such people work in the social sphere. But what are the humanitarian professions in demand? This issue is especially relevant for young people after the 11th grade.

Rating of professions

We give examples. These are specialties, the most demanded on the market, and therefore highly paid. Community-related professions will always be popular, so you can easily find an alternative.

Average salary list:

Translator

It is the translator who heads the list of "the most popular and highly paid specialties." Moreover, this profession will remain the leader for many decades, as the trend of the modern world is aimed at erasing the borders between countries and strengthening international relations. This specialty is ideal for both girls and young people. To some extent, it is universal.

The main responsibility of a translator is to help people from different countries understand each other. Often they conduct excursions for foreigners, translate books and act as escort when traveling abroad. To become a translator, after the 11th grade, you need to enter the Faculty of Philology. Best of all, if he will be at the linguistic university, where they will definitely give good knowledge of foreign languages. After receiving a diploma, you will not be difficult to get a job at a publishing house, become a translator or try your hand at an international travel company.

Doctor

The doctor's profession will be in demand and socially useful at any time. Unfortunately, health workers are not in the first place and will head the list of “demanded and highly paid specialties” only in a few years, but the fact that being a doctor in difficult times can help your family, friends, and passersby cost a lot. After the 11th grade, you need to undergo training in a medical college, where students will study general and clinical disciplines for 6 years. However, the training does not end there.

After 6 years, you can work as a therapist, gynecologist or surgeon. To obtain a narrow specialty, you need to go through another 2 years of residency, and only after that you can work both in city hospitals and in private clinics. If after grade 11 it was not possible to enter a university, then you can graduate from a medical school, after which you can also go to university.

Such a long learning process is mandatory, since the most important is the life and health of the patient, and any mistake can be fatal. But despite the complexity of learning, grateful views of people will be the highest reward for the effort. The most popular specialties are: anesthesiologist, surgeon, obstetrician-gynecologist, ophthalmologist (a full list can be found on the Internet). In addition to communicating with the patient and making the correct diagnosis, the doctor deals with filling out documentation.

Psychologist

Not less popular is. Every year more and more young couples, girls, women, widows seek psychological help. Most often this specialty is chosen by girls. It is possible to meet males, but it is rather problematic. The task of the psychologist is to understand the mental state of a person and using the correct methods of behavior to find an approach and help with the solution of the problem. The cognition of the inner world takes place through different methods.

With the help of tests, you can learn the individual characteristics of the psyche. A conversation at a trust level will help you learn about fears, and also make you understand how you can improve a person’s life. Having learned the patient closer, the psychologist selects effective psychological training. It is they who will help a person discover new qualities in himself, teach them to restrain or, on the contrary, show their emotions. In order to become a psychologist after the 11th grade, you need to go to the psychology department. After graduating from the university and receiving a diploma, you will have to undergo annual training.

Teacher

It is not highly paid, but it is always in demand and socially useful. Due to the low wages, there are few people willing to teach, therefore there is always a shortage of staff in schools, especially highly qualified ones. Most often, girls go to the teachers, but the guys are no less in demand. The duties of the teacher include conducting lessons. During them, it is important not only to provide new information in an understandable form, but also to consolidate what has already been gained in past lessons.

It is regularly necessary to carry out an assessment of knowledge and independent or group work, which will teach children not only to think abstractly, but also to work in a team. In addition, the teacher should prepare in advance for the upcoming lessons, study additional literature, participate in school meetings. To become a teacher after the 11th grade, you need to go to the pedagogical university, where to choose the faculty. After receiving a diploma, you can work not only in schools. Other places of work include gymnasiums, colleges, universities. The most prestigious are universities and gymnasiums, especially St. Petersburg and Moscow branches.

Lawyer

The complexity of the profession of a lawyer is that he must know all applicable laws. That is, with any question, he must correctly explain and help find solutions to the problem. Most often, a lawyer defends the interests of his clients in court. He must have a quick reaction, have fresh thoughts and good oratorical abilities. The humanitarian profession just does not require a mathematical turn of mind. Most often, lawyers are men.

A woman must have an iron character to resist men. After grade 11, you need to get a law degree from a higher education institution. If there is a talent, then to gain private practice is not difficult. You can also do counseling and work in a law office. To become a judge or prosecutor, you need to retrain. This is a simple task, however, you already need a legal background and experience in the work of a lawyer.

Tourism manager

This specialty is relatively new and has recently appeared in Russia. Since the task of the manager is to arrange travel and meet foreigners, the demand will not decrease. This is due to the fact that countries strive for closer communication and exchange of experience. In order to be accepted for work, you need to know at least one foreign language. The more you know, the more highly paid work you can get. After grade 11, you need to graduate. After that, it is easy to work in tourism-related businesses or agencies. If you have money or connections, even after the 11th grade, you can open a small travel company.

Journalist

Despite the fact that the journalist is not considered the most popular profession, the salary is quite high. Their main task is to search for information that will be of interest to people. Therefore, it is important to be able to quickly obtain important information. Already then arrange it in the form of an article, video or movie.

Most often, the journalist chooses a certain topic for himself and works only in it. This may be politics, theater, show business or other areas. To start working, you need to graduate from a higher educational institution with a degree in philology or journalism, having entered there after 11th grade. Work can not be called office. Often you have to be on the road to find information. In addition, it is important to check its accuracy before publication. For better perception, you can take a photo or video, so it would be good to have a camera.

Humanitarian professions are a worthy occupation that can be equated to a hobby. They are always in demand and associated with communication. Journalism or advocacy is something that brings pleasure. A profession of a doctor, though difficult, but very grateful. A short list of all these professions, as well as a comparison of wages, we have tried to present above.