Presentation on the topic "bee products and their use in human life." Presentation on the topic “Life of bees Multimedia presentation life of bees
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Topic: “Life of a bee family” Altynguzina Alsu Damirovna MBOU gymnasium p. Raevsky 2A class MR Alsheevsky district Scientific supervisor: Valiakhmetova Aliya Raisovna Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Ministry of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan MU OO Administration of MR Alsheevsky district Municipal budgetary educational institution gymnasium with. Raevsky
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Purpose of the work: to find out where and how bees live, how their organs of vision, taste, smell are developed, how they fly, the importance of bees in human life.
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Objectives: a) collect information about bees in the scientific literature; b) describe the importance of bees and bee products for humans; c) prove that beekeeping is not only a successful combination of material benefits, but also creative interest. d) Suggest ways to use bee products.
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hypothesis: I assume that the role of bees in the national economy is very great, and beekeeping products are widely used in medicine.
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Work plan: a) think about the topic of creative work; b) study scientific literature; c) use information from the Internet; d) seek help from adults; e) compare, analyze, summarize;
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History of the bee Bashkir honey is considered the calling card and one of the symbols of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Bashkiria is a beekeeping region. The exact time when it arose is unknown, but rock paintings found in caves in the Urals indicate that honey was extracted here by primitive people.
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Honey bee Bees belong to a group of families of stinging insects. Honey bees live in large families. Under normal conditions, a colony consists of one queen bee, many thousands of worker bees (females), and in the summer, drones (male bees living in a close community). Neither the queen bee, nor the worker bees, nor the drones can exist separately, nor can they independently form a new family.
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composition of a bee family queen drone worker bee life cycle of a bee: egg - larva - pupa - adult insect individual eye shape queen round simple eyes, shifted to the forehead drone large and round compound eyes, located close to each other, shifted to the forehead worker bee triangular eyes shifted to the crown
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structure of a worker bee Head: eyes mouthparts antennae Chest: legs wings Abdomen: respiratory organs circulatory digestion genitals stinging apparatus
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Life of Bees Bees are important pollinators of flowering plants. The body is usually black, densely pubescent, sometimes brightly colored. The nest has a horizontal entrance and then descends vertically. Cells filled with pollen and nectar are located one below the other in a vertical passage. The entire development cycle from egg to adult bee occurs in the cells.
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Hive There are 60,000 – 120,000 bees in the hive. Bees have many enemies and parasites, so the entrance to the hive is reliably guarded by guards who are ready to attack an uninvited guest at any moment. No bee can enter someone else's hive. Each hive has a special smell that is not detectable by humans. Each bee stores this scent in a special cavity in its body. Flying up to the entrance, the bee opens it and presents the smell to the guards as its business card or pass.
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Smell You can say that bees are “champions” in their sense of smell. They smell 1 thousand times stronger than humans, and bees are able to detect the scent of flowers at a distance of more than 1 km. These organs are located on the bees' antennae. The sense of smell is of great importance in the life of bees: by smell they distinguish other bees from the bees of their family, look for nectar, etc. They are able to distinguish a huge number of odors. Some smells act on them as a danger signal. What irritates bees most is the smell of their own venom. Therefore, if only one bee stings a person, then other bees, sensing the smell, immediately rush to the aid of their friend and also use their sting, attacking the enemy. The smell of a crushed bee affects them in the same way. They are also very irritated by the pungent smells of garlic, herring, cologne, gasoline, sweat, and dried blood.
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Proboscis and antennae Bees have a long proboscis, which they use to suck nectar from plants. They also have antennae. All bees have two pairs of wings, the back pair being smaller in size than the front; only in a few species of one sex or caste the wings are very short, making the flight of the bee difficult or impossible.
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Wings and eyes Bees have five eyes. Three at the top of the head and two at the front. It is believed that bees distinguish well the following colors: yellow, blue-green, blue, violet. Thus, bees see blue and violet as four different colors. They may confuse red with purple and black. Bees perceive green and orange as yellow. Bees only remember well the shape of objects that resemble dissected flower petals.
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The Dance of the Bees After a bee has found a good place to collect pollen, it returns to the hive to report its location to other bees. Information is transmitted through a special dance on the honeycomb, during which the bee moves along a closed curve resembling a figure eight, wagging its belly. The bee returns to the hive in an excited state. She gives the nectar she brought to the receiving bees, and she herself performs characteristic movements on the honeycomb, called “recruitment dances,” which attract other bees of this family to search for a bribe. If food was found near the apiary, no further than 100 m from the hive, then the bee quickly runs around any cell of the honeycomb, and then turns and makes the same circle in the opposite direction. Running across the honeycomb from one bee to another, she repeats these movements for several seconds. This dance is called circular.
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Pollen collection The nectar collected by bees enters the bee's honey sac through the mouthparts and esophagus, in which it delivers the nectar to the hive, where it passes it on to young receiving bees. In addition to nectar, bees collect flower pollen from plants, which is their protein food. The body of a bee is densely covered with hairs. When bees visit flowers, a large number of pollen grains accumulate between the hairs. Returning to the hive with pollen, the bees dump the brought lumps of pollen into the cells of the combs. Young bees immediately compact the pollen with their heads, and when the cell is almost full, they fill it to the top with honey.
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My observations of honey collection Date month Flowering of honey plants Honey profit per day 10.04 Exhibition of bees from wintering +12C 10.04-30.04 Willow (5 species), Mother and stepmother, lungwort, dandelion 0.2-0.5 kg Supporting honey collection, brood rearing. 1.05-31.05 Maple, rowan, viburnum, apple, currant, bird cherry, acacia, sage. 0.5-1 kg Maintenance honey collection. 1.06-20.06 Exparcet, phacelia, clover, alfalfa, raspberries, sweet clover, etc. 1-4 kg of honey collection (swarming of bees) 20.06-15.07 Fireweed, angelica, linden, fireweed, motherwort, etc. 4-6 kg Main honey collection 20.07-15.08 Buckwheat, sunflower, heather, cornflower, etc. 3-4 kg End of honey collection
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Bees and weather predictions The body of bees is covered with fluff, sensitive to changes in humidity. As air humidity increases in the higher layers of the atmosphere where bees fly, they experience discomfort due to moisture condensation on the surface of the body, which leads to a change in their behavior. According to long-term observations of beekeepers: - an early friendly flight of bees for a bribe portends a good sunny day; - if the sky is overcast in the morning, and bees still fly out of the hives, you should expect the weather to improve; - bees fly out of the hives, but stay close to the apiary - a sure sign of imminent rain; Ufa
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Use of bee products. Honey contains about 60 different substances, mainly glucose and fructose. Honey differs favorably from sugar in that it contains: - enzymes that accelerate metabolism in the body; - minerals; - microelements; - organic acids; - vitamins; - phytoncides with antimicrobial, antiputrefactive, antifungal effects.
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Propolis Propolis or bee glue contains essential oils, wax, pollen. Medicinal properties: - analgesic (5.2 times stronger than novocaine); - antipruritic; - antimicrobial; - tones the body, improves immunity; -strengthens tooth enamel - relieves pain and softens calluses.
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Bee venom. Therapeutic effect: - has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect; -increases the overall resistance of the body, immunity; - antimicrobial; - dilates blood vessels; -reduces blood pressure; - reduces blood viscosity and clotting; -reduces cholesterol in the blood.
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Royal jelly (royal jelly) contains mineral salts, trace elements, and vitamins. Therapeutic effect: - increases the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood; -increases appetite, increases weight; - stimulates hair growth; - improves memory and vision; - increases immunity
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Pollen is used medicinally to treat anemia in children. It increases the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Pollen is also a biological stimulant. Pollen is collected using special pollen collectors.
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The role of the bee. The bee is a social insect. Author: Zhuravlev Alexander 7th grade school 367 Scientific supervisor: Vorobyova G.Ya. The role of the bee. The bee is a social insect. Subject area: Biology Author: Zhuravlev Alexander 7th grade Scientific supervisor: Vorobyova G.Ya. GOU Secondary School of Home-Based Education 367 Zelenograd District of Moscow Competition of Research Design Works “Smart Men and Clever Girls” Moscow 2011
The goal of the project is to identify the role of the bee as a social insect. Project objectives: 1. Define the concept of bees as beneficial insects. 2. Describe the structure of a worker bee. 3.Study the composition of the bee colony and the structure of the honeycomb. 4. Establish the role of the bee in nature and human life.
On the head there are a pair of large lateral compound eyes, and between them three small simple eyes. The eyes of bees, like those of many insects, consist of numerous functional units, each of which contains a lens that builds its part of the visible image independently of the others.
The oral apparatus (proboscis) consists of the upper and lower jaws, upper and lower lips and is used for sucking nectar. many organs of touch and smell are located. Each antennae is secured by four muscles, so it can rotate. They consist of a rod and a flagellum. A very important organ is the antennae located on the bee's head, since they
The front legs may have hooks with which the bee cleans the antennae. The abdomen contains the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and genital organs. The stinging apparatus is hidden at the end of the abdomen. Each of the six bee legs can only move back and forth. In addition to movement, they are adapted to perform various functions.
The nest of a bee colony consists of vertical double-sided honeycombs. The life of a bee colony is inseparable from the honeycombs they build from the wax they secrete to store food supplies and raise brood. Honeycomb cells have a regular hexagonal shape in plan. The bottom of each cell on one side of the honeycomb simultaneously serves as parts of the bottoms of three cells on the other side of the honeycomb.
Queen cells are special cells for hatching queens; Transition cells of irregular shape; Honey cells are located, as a rule, in the upper part of the honeycomb. Cells are divided according to their structure into several types: Bee cells for hatching worker bees, folding and storing honey and bee bread in them; Drone cells for hatching drones, storing honey, drone cells are larger in size compared to bee cells;
The queen bee in the family is the only full-fledged female with well-developed genitals. From her comes the entire family: worker bees, drones and young queens. The queen is constantly surrounded by worker bees, who look after her: they give her food, clean her body, clean the cells of the honeycombs for laying eggs in them.
Swarming is the natural reproduction of a bee colony by dividing it in two. Almost immediately after the queen cells are sealed, the colony is ready to swarm. The queen appears at the entrance and rises into the air when most of the swarm emerges. The bees circle around the hive for some time, then, having discovered the queen, they surround her and graft themselves onto a tree branch or some other object.
When a bee enters a flower to get the nectar, pollen sticks to its legs. When bees move to the next flower, pollen falls inside and helps fertilize the seeds. Having filled the cell, the bees seal it with wax. In winter, the honey in the combs serves as food for the bees. This food, rich in calories, is of particular importance to bees.
Since ancient times, honey has been known as an excellent food product and remedy. Honey is a high-calorie product. One kilogram of honey provides 3150 calories, while one kilogram of beef 1330, 20 large eggs, liter of whole milk 620 calories.
The medicinal properties of bee honey are extensive and is a traditional medicine. Since ancient times, people have widely used it for many diseases. In a handwritten medical book of the 12th century, the properties of honey are described as follows: “Honey is the juice from the dew of heaven, which bees collect from fragrant flowers, and because of this it has many powers and is useful as a cure for many diseases.”
Bee venom in its composition represents almost the entire periodic table; it contains various acids, enzymes, peptides, vitamins, proteins and much more. Bee venom has one unique property that no other pharmacological drug has - it is a powerful immunostimulant. Bee venom can trigger mechanisms in the human body through which the body begins self-healing at the cellular level. This unique property is not inherent in any other known substance.
Project conclusions The bee is a symbol of hard work and collectivism; the benefits of bees in agriculture are enormous, since they are one of the most active pollinators of flowering plants. People use all the waste products of bees with great benefit. Bees are the most useful insects for humans of all the insects on the globe. Black, yellow and striped guys live in the house. Although they sting painfully, we are satisfied with their work. If you drank tea with honey, you know her well. The hard-working woman collected a lot of honey... ()
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The importance of the honey bee in human life. Compiled by: Aleksandrova O.V.
Since ancient times, people have been using bee waste products for various purposes: honey, propolis (bee glue), wax, royal jelly (royal jelly), bee venom. Let's try to find out what the benefits of these products are.
Honey. Honey contains about 60 different substances, mainly glucose and fructose. Honey differs favorably from sugar in that it contains: enzymes that accelerate metabolism in the body; minerals; microelements; organic acids; vitamins; phytoncides with antimicrobial, antiputrefactive, antifungal effects
Propolis or bee glue contains essential oils, wax, pollen. Medicinal properties: analgesic (5.2 times stronger than novocaine); antipruritic; antimicrobial; tones the body, improves immunity; strengthens tooth enamel; relieves pain and softens calluses.
Royal jelly “Royal Jelly” contains mineral salts, sex hormones, microelements, and vitamins. Therapeutic effect: increases the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood; increases appetite, increases weight; stimulates hair growth; improves memory and vision; increases immunity.
Beeswax. This product is produced by the wax glands of the bee. The composition of wax is complex and not fully understood. The wax is very rich in vitamin A, necessary for the development of the epithelium of the skin, bronchial mucosa, throat, nose, stomach and intestines, and for visual acuity. It has antimicrobial, nourishing and regenerating effects.
Bee venom. Therapeutic effect: has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect; increases the body's overall resistance and immunity; antimicrobial; dilates blood vessels; reduces blood pressure; reduces blood viscosity and clotting; reduces cholesterol in the blood.
The bee and its metabolic products are of great practical importance. But the greatest importance of the activities of bees is manifested in plant pollination
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There are about 20 thousand species of bees. They can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Bees have adapted to feed on nectar and pollen, using nectar primarily as an energy source and pollen for protein and other nutrients.
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Bees have a long proboscis, which they use to suck nectar from plants. They also have antennae, each of which consists of 13 segments in males and 12 segments in females.
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Bees are highly organized insects. In particular, social bees jointly search for food, water, shelter, if necessary, and jointly defend themselves from enemies. In the hive, bees jointly build honeycombs, care for the offspring and the queen.
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The bee's body is supported by a hard chitinous cover. The upper lip is a narrow chitinous strip connected to the head shield; for all three individuals of the bee family it is almost the same.
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Families of honey bees can be classified as clearly social colonies. In a family, each bee performs its own function. The functions of a bee are conditionally determined by its biological age. However, as has been established, in the absence of older bees, their functions can be performed by bees of younger ages.
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Honey bees live in large families. Under normal conditions, a colony consists of one queen bee, many thousands of worker bees (females), and in the summer, drones (male bees living in a close community). Neither the queen bee, nor the worker bees, nor the drones can exist separately, nor can they independently form a new family. A bee family is a unique biological unit. Each bee family has its own individual qualities and hereditary characteristics unique to it.
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PLAN
INTRODUCTION LIFE AND COMPOSITION OF THE BEE FAMILY FEATURES OF BEES BEE PRODUCTS POLLINATION A LITTLE MORE INTERESTING CONCLUSION LIST OF REFERENCES USED
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BEES
Relevance of the project: At school they give us honey. Honey is made by bees. We have children in our class who love it very much, and others who don’t eat it at all. It is also human nature to be afraid of bees. Even brave and courageous people can become confused when a bee accidentally flies up to them. So what are bees for? And are they needed at all? Research problem What are the benefits of bees? Only that they know how to make honey? After all, there is artificial honey. Hypothesis: 1) Bees provide people with very valuable products. Beekeeping products are widely used in various areas of human life. 2) The disappearance of such insects would lead to the inevitable extinction of many plants.
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Bees, like many insects, go through four stages of development: egg, caterpillar, pupa and adult. From 10,000 to 50,000 individuals gather in a colony. Bees have three social groups.
Each colony builds a hive consisting of hexagonal wax honeycombs. The wax itself is a mass secreted from the glands of worker bees. Honey and pollen are stored in the honeycombs - the food reserves of the hive, and young bees develop there. The queen lays eggs. In the right conditions, she can lay more than 1,000 eggs per day. Her life expectancy is 4 years. Outwardly, it resembles a worker bee, which it surpasses in size and has a highly elongated abdomen. Over the course of a season, the colony grows and splits into two or more swarms. The queen and worker bees immediately leave the colony, often landing on a nearby tree in search of a suitable location for a new colony. Swarming occurs in spring and summer. The young queen establishes a colony and then begins laying eggs. Swarming bees carry reserves of honey from the hive with them and therefore do not sting. Then they choose a place for the colony and build honeycombs into which they unload honey. Having gotten rid of the burden, they become aggressive again.
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Pass to the hive Bees have many enemies and “freeloaders”, so the entrance to the hive is reliably guarded by guards who are ready to attack an uninvited guest at any moment. No bee can enter someone else's hive. Each hive has a special smell that is not detectable by humans. Each bee stores this scent in a special cavity in its body. Flying up to the entrance, the bee opens it and presents the smell to the guards as its business card or pass. Different types of work in the hive A worker bee performs different types of work during its life. The first time-consuming job is to clean the cells in which the queen lays eggs, as well as to heat and ventilate the hive. The worker bees then move on to feeding the young bees and receiving honey from the foraging bees. Only after this the worker bees begin to make independent flights for honey. Of all the bees, only workers leave the hive. The bee is equipped with a sting, but once stung, it dies. The average lifespan of a worker bee is 6 weeks.
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Drones are larger in size than worker bees and do not have a stinger. They are looked after by worker bees and do not fly out of the hive. They live for eight weeks. Lifespan of Bees Among domestic bees, the queen lives for 3 years, maximum - 5 years. But a worker bee lives 40 days in summer and 9 months in winter. Now there are about 20 thousand species of bees in the world.
Bees flap their wings A honey bee flaps its wings 200 times per second. She needs to make 11,400 strokes per minute to get the characteristic buzzing sound. Bees have five eyes. Three at the top of the head and two at the front.
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Why does a bee dance? After a bee has found a good place to collect pollen, it returns to the hive to report its location to other bees. Information is transmitted using a special “dance” on the honeycomb, during which the bee moves along a closed curve resembling a figure eight, wagging its abdomen. The intensity of the wobble depends on the distance to the food, and the angle of the figure eight indicates the direction. Vibrations of Wings The wings of insects are different, and they vibrate at different frequencies. So, for example, a fly makes 330-350 strokes per second; bee - 300 when it flies with honey, and 440 when it flies without cargo; bumblebees flap their wings 190-240 times per second, and mosquitoes - 500-600 (some species even 1000 times); wasps - 250; horseflies - 100; dragonflies - 40-100; ladybug - 75; cockchafer - 45; moths - 35-40; locust - 20.
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Harvesting honey One bee family harvests up to 150 kg of honey over the summer. 1 kg of honey In order to produce 500 g of honey, one bee needs to fly from the hive to the flower and back 10 million times. And to make 1 kg of honey, a bee needs to collect nectar from 19 million flowers. Of course, a kilogram of honey is collected by many bees. But one bee has a lot of work: a worker bee visits an average of 7 thousand flowers per day. Bees do not sleep in winter, so they need to store enough food for the winter.
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Honey Which, in addition to its natural sweetness and aromas, is a medicinal product. They treat burns and ulcers, respiratory diseases, heart and stomach diseases, infertility, nervous diseases, insomnia, depression, eye diseases and even cancer. Constant intake of honey enhances the intellect, strengthens memory, and speeds up the body's metabolism. And at the same time, honey is also a common product, as well as a valuable culinary preservative. Wax Of course, candles are not made from beeswax, but it can be used to prevent flu, colds and nasopharyngeal diseases. In this case, you need to look for wax honeycombs and... chew them like chewing gum.
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Flower pollen, beebread The medicinal properties correspond to the properties of honey, but the result is observed faster. A daily dose of less than a teaspoon is enough for a person to forget about colds, diseases of the kidneys, stomach, nerves, etc. Often used with honey, or dissolved in warm water. Propolis Aka bee glue, bee putty - fermentation of plant pollen, their juice and bee saliva. In folk medicine, it is often used in the form of hydroalcoholic tinctures, milk tinctures and treats bronchitis, eczema, nervous diseases and gastrointestinal problems.
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Bee venom A whole science has been invented for bees - apitherapy, which uses virtually waste-free technology from the bee, including the bee itself: the venom injected during a sting stimulates the nervous system, prevents the formation of blood clots, helps with gout, radiculitis, arthritis and other joint diseases. Bee dead Bee corpses, dried and ground into powder, and then used in tinctures, treat many “external” skin diseases, treat wounds, ulcers, toothaches, etc. Royal jelly looks like a jelly mass with an apple flavor. Rich in fats, hormones, enzymes, proteins and vitamins. It is especially often used together with other beekeeping products to strengthen immunity, treat heart and blood vessels, tuberculosis, and blood pressure surges.
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Why are bees bred? For honey!
But the honey bee not only produces honey, but also plays a key role in plant pollination. The main thing is that these insects are tirelessly ready to pollinate plants, and without them there would be no such harvests. We are not talking about wild forest glades or vegetable gardens - about huge fields of tens of thousands of hectares!
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Pollination of plants by bees It is difficult to imagine a flowering meadow without the rhythmic hum of insects working on it. And this is not accidental, since plants would not be able to grow and develop normally if they were not visited by beetles, bees, bumblebees, and butterflies. For plant pollination, only insects that visit flowering plants en masse are of practical importance, since this ensures simultaneous and complete pollination. From this point of view, honey bees play the greatest role.
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In the pollination of plants, they play a leading role because they live and overwinter in numerous families and appear in masses on flowers in early spring, when other insects are just breeding. In addition, for wintering, they are forced to store large amounts of nectar (processed into honey for snoring) and pollen, which forces them to visit flowers much more intensively than other pollinating insects do. Keeping bees domesticated allows us to manage their pollination work and use them where they are most needed at a given time. Bees are especially important in pollinating gardens, because! During their flowering period, there are almost no other pollinating insects. Using the apiary for pollination, farms receive additional products.
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The insect is of interest to biologists who are looking for new methods of human diseases, such as allergies, as well as those studying the characteristics of social behavior. Bees are trained to search by smell. Bees are looking for explosives. Scientists working for the Pentagon are training bees to find explosives. Bees are much more sensitive than dogs; they detect explosives 99% of the time. This is, of course, great, but how will the military know that a bee has found explosives? This work is at a very early stage, but many difficulties have already emerged: bees are still not dogs, they refuse to “work” at night and in inclement weather, and it is also difficult to imagine a swarm checking luggage at the airport. Hives of bees trained to search for explosives are planned to be placed near all important checkpoints so that the insects can take action against potential terrorists at any moment.
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CONCLUSIONS To summarize, we can say that bees provide people with very valuable products - honey, wax, propolis, pollen and beebread, royal jelly, bee venom. The products obtained from bees are very diverse in origin, composition, properties and significance for humans. All of them are in demand among the population of different countries. Currently, all beekeeping products are widely used in various areas of human life. The use of these products in medicine is quite successful and has further development prospects. It has been established that the life of a significant group of flowering plants is inextricably linked with the life of pollinating insects, bees. Without them, the existence of many plants is impossible. The disappearance of such insects would lead to the inevitable extinction of many plants.
