What is an acronym? What is What is an acronym - meaning in simple words
You are not a slave!
Closed educational course for children of the elite: "The true arrangement of the world."
http://noslave.org
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Apronyms
Backronyms
see also
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Notes (edit)
Literature
Superanskaya A.V., Podolskaya N.V., Vasilyeva N.V. Abbreviation in terminology // General terminology: Questions of theory / Otv. ed. T.L. Kandelaki. Ed. 6th. - M .: Book House "LIBROKOM", 2012. - Ch. Vii. - S. 219-223. - ISBN 978-5-397-02414-3.
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Excerpt from Acronym
The old man looked at me warmly and attentively with his wise eyes, and for some reason they glowed with approval.“You wanted to see the Wise - you see him,” Veya said quietly. - Do you want to ask something?
- Tell me please, does evil exist in your wonderful world? - although ashamed of my question, I nevertheless decided to ask.
- What do you call "evil", Human-Svetlana? The sage asked.
- Lies, murder, betrayal ... Don't you have such words? ..
- It was a long time ago ... no one remembers. Just me. But we know what it was. This is embedded in our "ancient memory" so that we will never forget. Did you come from where evil dwells?
I nodded sadly. I was very offended for my native Earth, and for the fact that life on it was so wildly imperfect that it made me ask such questions ... But, at the same time, I really wanted Evil to leave our House forever, because that I loved this house with all my heart, and very often dreamed that someday such a wonderful day would come when:
a person will smile with joy, knowing that people can only bring him good ...
when a lonely girl is not afraid to walk the darkest street in the evening, not fearing that someone will offend her ...
when you can open your heart with joy, without fear that your best friend will betray ...
when you can leave something very expensive right on the street, not being afraid that if you turn your back, it will be stolen right away ...
And I sincerely, with all my heart believed that somewhere there really is such a wonderful world where there is no evil and fear, but there is a simple joy of life and beauty ... That is why, following my naive dream, I used the slightest opportunity to to learn at least something about how it is possible to destroy this very same, so tenacious and so ineradicable, our earthly Evil ... And also - so that it would never be ashamed to tell someone somewhere that I am a Human. ..
Of course, these were naive childhood dreams ... But then I was still just a child.
- My name is Hatis, Human-Svetlana. I have lived here from the very beginning, I have seen Evil ... Much evil ...
- And how did you get rid of him, wise Atis ?! Did someone help you? .. - I asked hopefully. - Can you help us? .. Give at least some advice?
- We found the reason ... and killed her. But your evil is beyond our control. It is different ... Just like you are others. And not always someone else's good may turn out to be good for you. You have to find your own reason. And destroy it, - he gently put his hand on my head and a wonderful peace flowed into me ... - Farewell, Human-Svetlana ... You will find the answer to your question. Peace to you ...
I stood deep in thought, and did not pay attention to the fact that the reality around me had changed for a long time, and instead of a strange, transparent city, we now “floated” through the dense purple “water” on some unusual, flat and transparent device, which there were no handles or oars - nothing at all, as if we were standing on a large, thin, moving transparent glass. Although no movement or swaying was felt at all. It glided along the surface surprisingly smoothly and calmly, making you forget that you were moving at all ...
- What is it? .. Where are we sailing? - I asked in surprise.
“Pick up your little friend,” Wei replied calmly.
- But how?!. She can't, can she? ..
- Will be able. She has the same crystal as you, - was the answer. - We will meet her at the "bridge", - and without explaining anything more, she soon stopped our strange "boat".
Now we were already at the foot of some shiny "polished" black as night wall, which was sharply different from everything light and sparkling around, and seemed artificially created and alien. Suddenly the wall "parted", as if in that place it consisted of dense fog, and in a golden "cocoon" appeared ... Stella. Fresh and healthy, as if she had just left for a pleasant walk ... And, of course, she was wildly pleased with what was happening ... Seeing me, her cute face shone happily and out of habit she immediately jabbed:
- Are you here too ?! ... Oh, how good! And I was so worried! .. So worried! .. I thought something must have happened to you. And how did you get here? .. - the baby stared at me in shock.
- I think the same as you, - I smiled.
- And I, as I saw that you were carried away, immediately tried to catch up with you! But I tried, tried and nothing worked ... until she came. - Stella pointed to Wei with a pen. - I am very grateful to you for that, Wei girl! - out of her funny habit of addressing two people at once, she thanked sweetly.
- This "girl" is two million years old ... - I whispered in my friend's ear.
Stellina's eyes widened in surprise, and she herself remained standing in a quiet tetanus, slowly digesting the stunning news ...
- Ka-a-ak - two million? .. And why is she so small? .. - gasped the stunned Stella.
- Yes, here she says that they live for a long time ... Maybe your essence is from the same place? - I joked. But Stella, apparently, did not like my joke at all, because she immediately became indignant:
- How can you?! .. I'm the same as you! I'm not purple at all! ..
I felt funny, and a little ashamed - the baby was a real patriot ...
Which can be pronounced in one piece (as opposed to the abbreviation, which is pronounced "by letter", for example: KGB - "ka-ge-be"). Some acronyms (for example: laser, university) have actually become independent words and are used as nouns using the corresponding cases of the Russian language (university, university, university, etc.), although this is not applicable to some acronyms (usually neuter: NATO, NASA etc.).
Sometimes acronyms also include words formed by the initial segments of words (lavsan, Komsomol, educational program). Moreover, in most classifications of abbreviations, the sign initials(formation by initial sounds or segments) remains decisive.
The term first appeared in the early 1940s in American scientific and technical literature and denoted abbreviations similar to ordinary words (spoken together).
Examples of acronyms
- ABBA is a Swedish pop group. The name is formed from the first letters of the names of its participants: A gnetha, B jörn, B enny, A nni-Frid.
- AEIOU is an acronym used by Emperor Frederick III.
- a.k.a. , aka - eng. also known as, "Also known as".
- BASIC / BASIC - eng. b eginner's a ll-purpose s ymbolic i nstruction c ode , a generic symbolic instruction code for beginners.
- Conmebol / CONMEBOL - isp. con federacion suda me ricana de fut bol , South American Football Confederation or con federation of south me rican foot bol a.
- HAARP - eng. h igh f requency a ctive a uroral r esearch p rogram , a high-frequency active auroral research program.
- KAT-TUN is a Japanese pop group. The name is formed by the initials of the names of the participants: K amenashi, A kanishi, T aguchi, T anaka, U eda, N akamaru.
- Laser / Laser - eng. l ight a mplification by s timulated e mission of r adiation , amplification of light by stimulated emission.
- LHC / LHC - eng. large hadron collider, The Large Hadron Collider.
- NASA / NASA - eng. n ational a eronautics and s pace a dministration , national administration on aeronautics and space exploration.
- NATO / NATO - eng. n orth a tlantic t reaty o rganization , NATO, the organization of the North Atlantic Treaty.
- UN / UN, - eng. u nited n ations , United Nations Organization.
- BAM - Baikal-Amur Mainline.
- Ichthis (ancient Greek fish) is an ancient acronym for the name of Jesus Christ, consisting of the initial letters of the words: Ἰησοὺς Χριστὸς Θεoὺ ῾Υιὸς Σωτήρ - AND jesus NS ristos son of god with the passer.
- MGIMO - Moscow State Institute of International Relations.
- Research Institute is a research institute.
- RAS - Russian academy sciences.
- Tokamak - then roidal ka measure from ma rotten To atushki.
- A university is a higher educational institution.
- Komsomol - lump munistic with skid pier clothes.
Double motivation words
In modern word formation, there is a tendency towards the formation of acronyms that are homonymous with ordinary words. For example, Basic (eng. basic), THE DRAGON . There are also homophonic acronyms: ASNOVA, LEF. These acronyms are called double-motivated words. This type of acronym can be used to create a comic effect: NIICHAVO, NUINU.
Apronyms
Backronyms
see also
Write a review on the article "Acronym"
Notes (edit)
Literature
Superanskaya A.V., Podolskaya N.V., Vasilyeva N.V. Abbreviation in terminology // General terminology: Questions of theory / Otv. ed. T.L. Kandelaki. Ed. 6th. - M .: Book House "LIBROKOM", 2012. - Ch. Vii. - S. 219-223. - ISBN 978-5-397-02414-3.
Links
Excerpt from Acronym
There was an oak tree at the edge of the road. Probably ten times older than the birches that made up the forest, it was ten times thicker and twice the height of each birch. It was a huge oak in two girths with broken off, long visible, branches and with broken off bark, overgrown with old sores. With his huge clumsy, asymmetrically spread out, gnarled hands and fingers, he stood between the smiling birch trees as an old, angry and contemptuous freak. Only he alone did not want to submit to the charm of spring and did not want to see either spring or the sun."Spring, and love, and happiness!" - as if this oak spoke, - “and how you don’t get tired of the same stupid and senseless deception. Everything is the same, and everything is deception! There is no spring, no sun, no happiness. Look, there are crushed dead spruces sitting, always the same, and there I spread my broken, tattered fingers, wherever they grew - from the back, from the sides; as I grew up, I still stand, and I do not believe your hopes and deceptions. "
Prince Andrey glanced back at this oak several times, driving through the forest, as if he was expecting something from it. There were flowers and grass under the oak, but he still, frowning, motionless, ugly and stubbornly, stood in the middle of them.
"Yes, he is right, this oak is right a thousand times, thought Prince Andrew, let others, young people, again succumb to this deception, but we know life - our life is over!" A whole new series of hopeless, but sadly pleasant thoughts in connection with this oak, arose in the soul of Prince Andrew. During this journey, he seemed to have rethought his whole life, and came to the same old reassuring and hopeless conclusion that he did not need to start anything, that he should live out his life without doing evil, without worrying and without wanting anything.
Due to the trusteeship of the Ryazan estate, Prince Andrey had to see the district leader. The leader was Count Ilya Andreich Rostov, and Prince Andrey went to see him in mid-May.
It was already a hot period of spring. The forest was already all dressed up, there was dust and it was so hot that passing by the water, I wanted to swim.
Prince Andrey, gloomy and preoccupied with considerations of what and what he needed to ask the leader about business, drove up the garden alley to the Rostovs' house in Otradnensk. To the right, from behind the trees, he heard a female, cheerful cry, and saw a crowd of girls running to the intersection of his carriage. Ahead of the others, a dark-haired, very thin, oddly thin, black-eyed girl in a yellow chintz dress, tied with a white handkerchief, from under which strands of combed hair stood out, was running up to the carriage. The girl was shouting something, but recognizing the stranger, without looking at him, she ran back with a laugh.
Prince Andrew suddenly felt pain from something. The day was so good, the sun was so bright, everything was so cheerful; and this slender and pretty girl did not know and did not want to know about his existence and was pleased and happy with some sort of her own separate - truly stupid - but cheerful and happy life. “Why is she so happy? what is she thinking! Not about the military charter, not about the structure of the Ryazan quitrent. What is she thinking about? And how is she happy? " Prince Andrew involuntarily asked himself with curiosity.
Count Ilya Andreevich in 1809 lived in Otradnoye in the same way as before, that is, receiving almost the entire province, with hunts, theaters, dinners and musicians. He, like every new guest, was glad to Prince Andrey, and almost forcibly left him to spend the night.
During the boring day, during which Prince Andrew was occupied by the senior hosts and the most honorable of the guests, with whom the house of the old count was full on the occasion of the approaching name day, Bolkonsky several times glancing at Natasha laughing and having fun between the other young half of the society, kept asking himself: “What is she thinking about? Why is she so happy! "
In the evening, left alone in a new place, he could not sleep for a long time. He read, then put out the candle and lit it again. It was hot in the room with the shutters closed from the inside. He was annoyed with this stupid old man (as he called Rostov), who detained him, assuring him that the necessary papers in the city had not yet been delivered, annoyed with himself for remaining.
Prince Andrey got up and went to the window to open it. As soon as he opened the shutters, the moonlight, as if he had been on the alert at the window for a long time, burst into the room. He opened the window. The night was crisp and still bright. In front of the window was a row of trimmed trees, black on one side and silvery lit on the other. Under the trees was some sort of lush, wet, curly vegetation with silvery leaves and stems in some places. Further behind the ebony trees was some kind of shiny dew roof, to the right a large curly tree, with a bright white trunk and twigs, and above it was an almost full moon in a bright, almost starless, spring sky. Prince Andrew leaned against the window and his eyes rested on this sky.
Prince Andrew's room was on the middle floor; they also lived in the rooms above him and did not sleep. He heard a woman's voice from above.
“Just one more time,” said a woman's voice from above, which Prince Andrew now recognized.
- But when are you going to sleep? Answered another voice.
- I will not, I cannot sleep, what can I do! Well, the last time ...
Two female voices began to sing some kind of musical phrase that constituted the end of something.
- Oh, how lovely! Well now sleep, and end.
Sometimes acronyms also include words formed by the initial segments of words ( store, lavsan, Komsomol, educational program) [ ]. Moreover, in most classifications of abbreviations, the sign initials(education initial sounds or segments) remains decisive.
The term first appeared in the Brockhaus dictionary in 1922. In the early 1940s, it was used in American scientific and technical literature and denoted abbreviations similar to ordinary words (spoken together).
Examples of acronyms
- Tokamak - then roidal ka measure from ma rotten To atushki.
- Komsomol - lump munistic with skid pier clothes.
- Conmebol / CONMEBOL - isp. con federacion suda me ricana de fut bol , South American Football Confederation or con federation of south me rican foot bol a.
- AEIOU is an acronym used by Emperor Frederick III.
Double motivation words
In modern word formation, there is a tendency towards the formation of acronyms that are homonymous with ordinary words. For example, Basic (with English- "main"), DRAGON. There are also homophonic acronyms: ASNOVA, LEF. These acronyms are called with double motivation... This type of acronym can be used to create a comic effect: NIICHAVO, NUINU.
Apronyms
Apronim(French à propos + English acronym or English appr opriate + acr onym ) is an acronym that is an abbreviation of a phrase related in meaning to the resulting word, for example:
- BASIC (with English- "base"; Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) - programming language;
- SWORDS (with English- "swords"; Special Weapons Observation Reconnaissance Detection Systems) - a special combat surveillance and reconnaissance system.
Backronyms
Bacronim(from the English. back+ ac ronym) is a way to decipher a non-acronym word as if it were an acronym. For the first time, the term is found back in 1983. In some cases, this may be a different decoding of an existing acronym: for example, the name of the airline Alitalia (which actually stands for Italian ali "wings" + Italia) stands for A lways L ate I n T ake-off, A lways L ate I n A rrival (always late on takeoff, always late on arrival)
17JuneWhat is Acronym
Acronym is a word formed from the first letters of a certain phrase or sentence. A feature of acronyms is the fact that, unlike standard abbreviations, the resulting word is actually an understandable and independent term that is becoming widespread.
What is ACRONYM - meaning in simple words.
In simple terms, an acronym is a word that was originally an abbreviation, but over time it became independent. Everyone knows the essence or object that it characterizes, but not everyone knows how it is deciphered.
An example is the acronym that is used by almost all computer users - USB. Agree that everyone is familiar with what it is, and how to use it, but few people know that: USB is "Universal Serial Bus" or in Russian "universal serial bus". The fact is that many people do not really need extra information if they can transmit and perceive it using such an abbreviation.
Acronym for definition.
According to the classification rules, any abbreviation that is read and used as an independent word can be considered an acronym. This implies that the word should be relatively easy to pronounce, be generally understood and common. That is, a hypothetical abbreviation like "PNKRP" will remain in the section of abbreviations, so due to its complexity, it most likely will not become popular. But the word "" is already a full-fledged acronym.
To summarize, we can say that: any acronym is an abbreviation, but not every abbreviation is an acronym.
Acronym for English examples:
- - Laughing out loud;
- - Oh My God;
- - In My Humble Opinion;
- - North Atlantic Treaty Organization;
- NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
- LASER - Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation;
- LAN - Local area network;
- FTP - File Transfer Protocol;
- CPU - Central processing unit;
- RAM - Random-access memory;
- - Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications;
I will not be mistaken if I say that we use acronyms ten times a day and do not even suspect that it is they. This happens often, because it is not necessary to use the phenomenon of language and know how linguists called it.
But this is still a reason to tell what an acronym is.
Origin of the word
It is not difficult to determine that the acronym is a word of Greek origin. The second part of the word is onim (όνυμος)- is well known to us. We remember her by homonyms, synonyms, antonyms and others - onyms who are studying lexicology.
Onim is a name in Russian.
The first part of the word may also be known to us if we have ever read or wrote acrostics ourselves - poems in which extreme letters are added to words. Hence, acro (άκρος) translated from Greek as "extreme, highest".
We figured out the origin, now you can give a definition to this concept.
An acronym is a type of abbreviation that is formed from the first letters of the words included in the encrypted concept.
Now it is not difficult for us to recall the most frequently used acronyms: university, college, research institute, TASS, NASA, NATO ... The list is endless.
The secret of acronyms
Can we easily determine that this is an acronym? It turns out not always.
The fact is that some acronyms have become so familiar that they are perceived by us as ordinary words.
Such a story, for example, happened with the word laser... Its meaning does not need to be explained to anyone, but the origin, perhaps, is worth it.
Laser is an acronym in its purest form. It is formed from the initial letters of the English phrase Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, which literally means "amplification of light by stimulated emission".
In addition to the above
It would seem that there is nothing more to say about acronyms. But this is not the case. Word games are so interesting that they create new phenomena based on existing ones.
One of the varieties of acronyms - apronyms- such abbreviations of a phrase that are connected in meaning with the word formed as a result of the abbreviation.
For example, in English, the word karate is deciphered as follows "Kicking Athlte, Reaching At Taming Emotions", which in translation means "kicking athlete who manages to contain emotions".
The main property of apronyms is closeness to the initial word. But you've probably played a game where any word was deciphered as if it were an acronym. At the same time, there is still some kind of distant connection with the initial word, but it is rather at the level of associations.
Such words are called backronyms... The term was first used in 1983.
For example, the backronym Cuba stands for "communism off the coast of America".
Acronyms can also be interpreted in a different way. So, everyone knows that the university is also deciphered and how "get married successfully".
Recursive acronyms
Recursive acronyms stand out, which are backronyms that directly or indirectly refer to themselves. The most famous Russian-speaking recursive acronym is LOM, which stands for "ordinary metal scrap".
This is how it turns out interesting story with these acronyms. They came from the human drive to simplify and speed up. oral speech... However, there is a danger in them: not everything that is rolled up into acronyms can be understood by uninitiated people.
