How to choose the right cashier. Online cash registers. What are they and how do they differ? Cash register types

Control over the implementation of trading operations both on the scale of companies and in the activities of individual entrepreneurs is improving with the development of electronic technologies. And 2018 in Russia became the starting point for the transfer of specialized cash registers to a new format. Now control devices, thanks to modern online communication, can issue not only paper checks, but also electronic ones.

This method of mutual settlements in a seller / buyer pair has a number of positive aspects for both:

• for the seller, it is simplified to work with the tax office, since the process of data processing by the fiscal authority is accelerated and the possibility of errors is approaching zero;
• a chance is created for the buyer to form an online database or archive of receipts for long-term storage, control their expenses and predict future expenses;
• for all participants, this is a great way to avoid misunderstandings in the trading process, to form a reliable and, most importantly, not taking up much space, an electronic evidence base, if they do arise, it will come to proceedings of different levels. In addition, paper receipts issued in parallel in any store additionally ensure the safety of each purchase and sale.

The equipment of the new type is well protected from information leakage, has a design that allows not to use a cash register, and quickly, without the need for a personal visit to the tax service, is registered online with the assignment of a serial number. Absolute transparency and convenience in conducting trade transactions are undoubted advantages from the work of cash registers.

In the review-rating, you are offered the best models of brands that are included in the TOP-5 of consumer demand in the Russian market. This technique is in the lead in the list of the most actively sold, taking into account the price category.

The best cash registers worth up to 15,000 rubles.

3 Agate 1F Wi-Fi with FN

The best cost of a QC device with a fiscal drive
Country Russia
Average price: 11,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

Despite the fact that the technique belongs to the budget, it fully provides a set of tasks that have to be performed in the process of conducting cash services to customers. The available two COM ports are quite suitable for connecting to a PC, barcode scanner, terminal for accepting bank cards. In addition, the manufacturer has provided a built-in internal database for 10,000 products that can be loaded using the 1C system. In this case, prices are indicated both fixed and free. It is possible to change the data of goods both from a PC and from the KKT keyboard. The functional keyboard of the device is protected by a waterproof shell, which increases its practicality. The silent printer produces 8 lines / s.

The model is equipped with a fiscal drive for 13 months and works without recharging for up to 2 days. However, no matter how attractive the product was for the trade, a fly in the ointment was found. The lack of the already familiar USB port for some causes more emotional than practical discomfort. However, this lack of equipment is compensated by the high-quality assembly and versatility of the device.

2 Atol 91F with fiscal drive

The most functional novelty of the year
Country Russia
Average price: 14,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

The innovative generation of cash register features a streamlined, durable body, versatile design, light weight (390 g), so it will be appropriate in any mobile retail outlet. This novelty has already been entered in the register of the CCP in accordance with the relevant order, which guarantees that there are no problems with its application. The model, in fact, is a continuation of the predecessor 90F with an improved design appearance and corrected shortcomings in technical equipment. The most frequently used functionality is displayed on separate buttons, which are made of non-erasable rubberized material, smoothly pressed and naturally cushion. In the store, the device works efficiently for up to 8 hours, the integrated light indicator will prompt you in time to charge the battery.

Among the advantages of the product, individual entrepreneurs and employees of the companies name:

• convenience for different types of trade, including off-site;
• complete set with a fiscal accumulator for 13/15 months;
• high-quality thermal printing;
• the presence of a large LCD display with backlight and brightness control;
• low cost of spare parts;
• easy drive replacement;
• options for working with paper with a width of 44 or 58 mm;
• the ability to transfer data to the OFD via Wi-Fi, 2-3 G, Bluetooth, Ethernet;
• support for USB, microUSB.

The disadvantage of the device, according to its owners, is the lack of a connector for connecting a cash drawer.

1 Mercury-185F with fiscal drive

The best package
Country Russia
Average price: 12,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

The control equipment is designed and manufactured by Incotex in accordance with the latest legal requirements for CCP (54-FZ). Despite its debut role in the market, the car received components that showed themselves well in previous models. With its help, work in trade is carried out both through wired and wireless Internet connections. The connection is performed in one of 4 modes: only GPRS or Wi-Fi; GPRS (backup Wi-Fi); Wi-Fi (backup GPRS). The registered operator acts as an intermediary in the transfer of fiscal data. The information is sent to the OFD instantly after it enters the memory of the fiscal accumulator.

The information you need can be recorded on an SD card up to 32GB. One of the advantages is the function of fixing individual top and bottom clichés at the rate of 6 lines each. The option makes it possible to place the name of the store, IP data and other useful information. The backlit liquid crystal display increases the durability of the device and the comfort of use. The device itself can withstand a temperature range of -20 - +45 degrees, it is powered by a regular network, a built-in battery (up to 30 hours without recharging), which has a buffer mode. Of the relative disadvantages, users note the difficulty of replacing FN in the absence of skills. In some cases, this can lead to its fatal breakdown.

The best cash registers worth over 15,000 rubles.

2 Pioneer 114F with fiscal drive

Excellent color display
Country Russia
Average price: 18,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Pioneer Engineering has relied on the best technologies and high quality components when developing an online checkout. You don't have to stare at the dull monochrome screen that many competing models are equipped with all day. The multi-line color display will not allow the eye to "blur". In addition, through the settings, you can set the time for its automatic transition to the economy mode when the equipment is powered from the battery. The water and dust resistant touch keyboard makes it easy to enter a lot of information. Users note the possibility of adding more than 90,000 products to the generated database.

The connection to the OFD is via Wi-Fi or Ethernet, and the device is compatible with any operator. Electronic versions of checks are sent to buyers via SMS, E-mail. Thanks to the USB port, a barcode scanner and a PC / POS keyboard are easily connected. At the same time, users call the absence of a SIM card slot a significant disadvantage.

1 Evotor 7.2 with high-capacity FN

Perfect compatibility with external devices
Country Russia
Average price: 20,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

A young brand with a promising name (EVOLUTION OF TRADING) powerfully burst into the KKT segment at the leading positions, which confirms the high consumer demand for products. Evotor 7.2 is a universal smart terminal, which is designed for the complex organization of the work of enterprises in the service sector, catering, and shops. As for the individual entrepreneur, the device also meets their expectations: it quickly accepts both cash payments with a printout of a receipt, the formation of an electronic version, and bank cards, and supports loyalty programs.

Equipped with a fiscal drive for 36 months, the device can additionally be connected to a barcode scanner, cash drawer, scales. 6 USB ports help you solve all your needs. The security of its work is guaranteed by the encryption of the transmitted data. The machine has many advantages due to the technical ability to connect to many programs based on 1C. A note is only caused by the uncontested power supply from the external power adapter and the weight, which even without the latter is 1 kg.

Individual entrepreneurs and organizations that trade or provide services must equip their workplaces in accordance with applicable law. A cash register is one of the types of equipment that must be present at a point of sale. The choice of a model depends on the field of activity; there are also certain requirements that must be met by every entrepreneur.

Cash register or KKM is a special device used in trade. It is a tool by which government agencies can monitor the cash flow of any company or store, as well as receive data on cash transactions received from customers.

KKM is an electronic device equipped with a keyboard, display and a device that allows you to print a paper check. Fiscal memory allows accumulating and storing data on operations performed; they cannot be changed through outside interference.

This feature of the KKM guarantees the accuracy of information about settlements between a client and a service provider made at a particular outlet, which are subject to mandatory taxation.

PFC classification

Cash registers approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation are classified according to various criteria. The KKM Classifier is taken as a basis. In accordance with its provisions, there are:

• KKM for the service sector
• KKM for enterprises engaged in trade
• KKM for the sale of petroleum products

If we consider the design features of devices used in carrying out settlement operations, four large groups can also be distinguished (Table 1).

Device name	Description
Autonomous cash register	Controlled by software, not functional without I / O devices.
Check printing machine (CHM)	A special device of a stand-alone type, it provides an internal memory and a keyboard for data entry. Such devices are used by individual entrepreneurs and companies that, by law, are exempted from the obligation to install CCP. The principle of operation of a check-printing machine is identical to the principle of operation of a traditional cash register, but it is not required to register it with the authorities of the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate.
Passive system cash register	It is an additional element of the system, but does not affect its operation.
Active system cash register

The legislative framework

In the Russian Federation, the use of KKM is regulated at the legislative level in the relevant regulatory legal acts. The main document is Law 54-FZ "On the Application of CCP", which is annually amended (2018 is no exception).

According to the amendments, it is necessary to inform the Tax Inspectorate about the sales volumes by transmitting a copy of the receipt remotely (via the Internet). A new structure is responsible for data transfer - the fiscal data operator (OFD). There are several such representatives on the territory of the Russian Federation, with one of them it is necessary in advance.

Entrepreneurs can install only cash registers equipped with a fiscal accumulator at their facilities. This is the main requirement in the legislative act. It is used to accumulate and store information about all calculations made.
The transfer of data to the fiscal authorities has become an exclusively online procedure, however, the law does not contain provisions that paper checks will not be relevant this year. If the buyer expresses such a desire, he needs to send a copy of the electronic receipt to the mail address or in an SMS message. In the event that it will be necessary to return the product under warranty or due to its marriage, the buyer has the full right to use an electronic check, which is a legal alternative to a paper one.

The law on the use of cash register, as amended in 2018, puts forward a requirement for an entrepreneur to indicate as much information as possible in checks. These include: the buyer's e-mail address, his phone number, the serial number of the fiscal drive, a complete list of purchased goods with prices, as well as indicating discounts and promotional offers.

Who is the cashier

All individual entrepreneurs whose field of activity is related to the sale of goods or the provision of services, where cash or payment for goods with a bank card is provided, must use KKM when carrying out settlement transactions with customers. The absence of a device is possible if an individual entrepreneur conducts non-cash transactions to the bank accounts of other entrepreneurs or legal entities. The equipment to be installed must be of a new type, with a provided connection to the Internet, in order to be able to transfer data to the Federal Tax Service online.

The use of KKM is mandatory for LLC, this provision in the law does not depend on the form of ownership of organizations and is mandatory for compliance. Otherwise, the owner of the outlet faces a considerable fine.

Last year, some categories of individual entrepreneurs could not use equipment, but in 2018 they were obliged to install equipment at all retail outlets. It is necessary to use only the KKM of the new model, it is impossible to register outdated models in the tax office. Some entrepreneurs in this category are entitled to a one-year deferral; the timing of the installation of the cash desk should be clarified with the local authorities of the Federal Tax Service.

If individual entrepreneurs who sell goods or provide services in retail do not have hired employees, a cashier can be established in 2019.

Failure to comply with the provisions of the law, the violator faces a fine in monetary equivalent, amounting to at least 10,000 Russian rubles, up to a maximum of 50% of the amount of proceeds received, which passed by the cashier. It is planned to increase the size of the fine every year.

Previously, individual entrepreneurs, as well as organizations that used, could give buyers other documents that were analogous to a cashier's check. Now they are also obliged to install KKM at all points.

PFC classification on video:

Online stores are distinguished into a special category as providers of services and goods for the population. Online trading is an activity that this year is not exempt from the use of cash register machines.

There are some nuances here, when making payments online, you must use the KKM registered using the link of the online store. If the goods are delivered by a courier, and he accepts payment, the representative of the online store must have a mobile cashier with him, which will allow him to print a receipt when the goods are issued, as well as upload the data online to the Federal Tax Service. As for pick-up points, when paying for goods on the spot, another cash register is used, registered at the address of the point.

Is it possible to work without a cash register

Individual entrepreneurs, regardless of the taxation system they choose, are exempt from installing a cash register if they trade in the following goods:

Also in 2018, businessmen who are engaged in the distribution of things to train stations, the provision of nanny or nurse services, the manufacture of keys, the repair of shoes, plowing of vegetable gardens and other land are exempted from the installation of KKM.

Requirements for the apparatus

In order for the device to be easily registered with the fiscal authorities, it must meet certain requirements, in particular, it must be listed in a special state register. You can find out whether the selected model is included in it or not by reviewing the registry itself on the official website.

Also, many manufacturers accompany their products with holographic stickers, which confirm the originality of the device. The label must contain the inscription "State Register" with the indication of the year. When choosing a cash register, it is important to purchase the model that is designed for a specific field of activity (this can be the sale of tickets, the provision of various services, retail or wholesale).

Registration of KKM

The registration procedure for cash register takes place in the Federal Tax Service, to which an individual entrepreneur or organization belongs geographically, that is, at the place of residence. Legal entities must register their devices at the physical address of the organization. If the company has several outlets in different cities, it is necessary to register the equipment in each city separately.

Video about registering an online checkout:

In order for the procedure to be successful, it is necessary to draw up a written application for registration, the form of which can be obtained from the Tax Service. As additional documents, a maintenance agreement and a device passport are required, with which the manufacturer accompanies each KKM. You can conclude an agreement with a supplier at any service center in the city. You also need to include in the package of documents a paper proving the identity of an individual entrepreneur.

Where can I buy the device

The devices can be purchased at the vendor's points of sale or in a specialized online store that has permission for this type of activity. The main thing is to choose a quality product that meets the technical parameters and requirements for this type of equipment at the legislative level.

PFCs of domestic manufacturers are popular, each device is supplied with a technical passport and operating instructions written in a simple and understandable language. When registering such commercial equipment with the Federal Tax Service, there are usually no problems.

Cash register accounting

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, KKM accounting is mandatory in 2018. Depending on the value of the equipment, it is recorded as part of property, plant and equipment or as part of inventories.

The cost of equipment includes not only the cost of purchasing equipment, but also investments associated with bringing it to a condition suitable for use in a retail outlet. In order for the cash register to be posted in the accounting department as part of fixed assets, it must meet the following requirements:

• the organization will not sell it to third parties in the future
• KKM will be used for a long time, 12 months or more
• equipment is able to bring economic benefits
• the device is used in the main activity of the organization

Cash register prices

The cost of cash register equipment depends on many factors, in particular, on the configuration and type. A device adapted to the work of a particular organization is not cheap, but its quality pays off over time. It is impossible to purchase a cash register device in a regular home and household appliances store. If an entrepreneur has such an opportunity, and the price is frankly low, this is a fraudulent scheme and should be avoided.

The cost of technology is also influenced by the quality of the material from which it is made, weight, size, type of display (its colors and resolution), data transfer rate. The price range is wide - from 4,000 to 40,000 rubles.

It is important to remember about the need to conclude a contract for the maintenance of equipment in one of the service centers, the cost of this service starts from 300-500 rubles. per month.

The legislation does not prohibit the purchase of a used device if the previous owner independently deregistered it with the Tax Service. It is necessary to pay attention to the period of use of the equipment, it should not exceed 7 calendar years.

The type of software that will be installed on the hardware plays a significant role. If the software is outdated, it can be upgraded at the service center. The cost of such an upgrade is also variable, starting from 5,000 rubles. Registration of cash register with the Federal Tax Service is also paid, the maximum amount to be paid is about 3,000 rubles.

A cash register is a necessary equipment for individual entrepreneurs, organizations engaged in trade or the provision of services. In 2018, amendments were made to the law, obliging to establish KKM, regardless of the selected type of taxation. It is important to choose the type of cash register depending on the type of activity. The cost of such equipment starts at 4,000 rubles, and a number of additional expenses will be required.

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This summer, more than a million small businesses in our country will have to start using cash registers in their calculations. Now there are about a hundred different models of cash registers on the market, the price of which ranges from 15 to 100 thousand rubles, and the range of tasks to be solved - from a simple check-printing machine no smarter than a desktop calculator to complex self-service cash registers with "smart cash register" functions. How to choose a cash register for your tasks and at the same time at the best price for your business?

Online cash registers for small businesses can be conditionally divided into several classes.

Autonomous online cash registers

This is the simplest class of cash registers. The word "autonomous" in the name means that these devices are self-sufficient and can independently solve their main task - to punch checks. In essence, this is the only thing they can do. To work they do not need cash programs or computers, they are configured and work autonomously, some of them have batteries, which allows them to be used even without a permanent connection to the mains.

"Standalone" does not mean "no internet connection." These are full-fledged online cash registers with built-in communication modules for transferring data to the OFD in real time. Typically, these communication modules are implemented as GPRS modems built into cash registers. Insert the SIM-card of the operator you need into such a module and your cash register is ready to work!

The cost of cash registers of this class ranges from 15 to 40 thousand rubles. From the point of view of price, the decisive factor is the ability to accept bank cards for payment at such a cash desk; in this case, the KCP is an addition to the bank terminal, which seriously increases its cost. An example of such a cash register is.

The functionality of stand-alone cash registers is also very different from model to model. Indeed, according to the new requirements of 54-FZ, for most enterprises, the cashier's receipt must now contain the name of the goods, their quantity, cost and discount, if any. The option when one total total is indicated in the check will no longer work. Therefore, even in a small autonomous checkout, you will need to somehow create a product directory with the names and prices of your entire range of products or services. And this process is implemented in different ways for different cash registers. For the simplest, there are special programs that are installed on a computer, a cash register is connected to the computer via a wire, and with the help of this program the product directory is loaded into the cash register. This is how, for example, works.

But there is another way of working, which is implemented, for example, in. These cash desks support work with a personal account located on the Internet. This allows you to manage the cash register and product directory from anywhere in the world and from any device, which is much more convenient. In addition, the functionality of the personal account is much broader and is essentially a small inventory system - you can use it to track sales and monitor the work of the cash register. And for this, the cash register does not need to be connected to a computer, the entire exchange takes place via the Internet, to which the KKM is already connected for online data transfer. And at the same time, the differences in cost between such a "smart" cash register and its simple counterpart are minimal.

Smart terminals

The ubiquity of smartphones and mobile devices has made it possible to create a new type of cash registers - smart terminals. At its core, it is a smartphone or tablet, combined in one body with a fiscal receipt printer. A special cash program is installed on the smartphone, which controls the formation of fiscal documents. Thanks to this, the checkout program can be quite complex and smart, the functions of such a smart terminal will not differ much from its older counterparts - POS terminals, which you find in supermarkets and retail stores. In addition, some developers of smart terminals open the cash register management code for third-party programmers, due to which many different cash register programs appear on the same device, specialized for various areas of business. Such a smart cash register becomes very similar to a regular smartphone - you can install the programs you need on it, change them if you do not like them, or customize them for yourself. The app store of EVOTOR, the largest manufacturer of smart terminals in Russia, now contains about a hundred of various applications from various categories.

Our company also develops applications for the EVOTOR market under the iRECA brand and we are very pleased that our projects iRECA .Solo, iRECA. Courier are included in the TOP market applications by rating in their categories.

Smart terminals are divided according to models and tasks to be solved along the diagonal of the screen of a smartphone or tablet. The smallest devices have a diagonal of 5 inches and are analogous to a stand-alone cash register - they can also be carried with you, and they can work without recharging for about 12 hours. Functional limitations in the field of application of such a cash register are caused only by the convenience of working on it - it is difficult to place a large number of graphic buttons on such a small screen the size of a regular smartphone. Therefore, such smart terminals are usually used with a small number of checks or as portable devices. The cost of this type of cash register starts from 14 thousand rubles.

Devices based on tablets with a diagonal of 7 and 10 inches are more often used as stationary devices. Despite their compact size, it will not be convenient to carry them with you all the time. But thanks to the size of the screen, applications for such smart terminals will already be fully functional. For example, at 10-inch terminals, our company automates small restaurants, while such a terminal is used as a base station, and waiters can also work at mobile workplaces based on their smartphones.

The cost of such smart terminals starts from 12 thousand rubles and strongly depends on the configuration.

When choosing a cash register, pay attention to whether its cost includes a fiscal accumulator and which one. Now on the market you can find fiscal storage devices of three types - for 13 months, for 15 months and for 36 months, and their price will differ from the period of its use. Please note that most sellers indicate on their websites the price of the cash register without a fiscal drive, leaving you the right to choose its model.

The need to use cash registers in calculations may just become another line in the list of entrepreneurs' expenses. But if you consciously approach the choice of the cash desk, make the transition on time and take advantage of the tax deduction of 18 thousand rubles from the state, then you can turn these costs into investments that will make the work of the enterprise more efficient.

An online cash register is a device for which the law establishes a strict list of requirements in terms of functionality and manufacturability. But at the same time, there are hundreds of models of such devices on the market - significantly different in their capabilities and practical scope. Let's get acquainted with the types of online cash registers, their classification and criteria for choosing the best solutions for certain business segments.

What types can be conditionally divided into CCP

An online cash register is a cash register adapted to:

• to the recording in the internal memory of information about the proceeds (and, in the foreseen cases - and about the expenses) of the trading enterprise, received from the sale of goods to individuals (such information is officially referred to as "fiscal data");
• to the subsequent transfer of the recorded information about the proceeds to the Federal Tax Service via the Internet (through the mediation of the Fiscal Data Operator, with whom the trading company enters into an agreement).

In cases stipulated by law, data is not transferred to the Federal Tax Service (and an agreement with the OFD is not concluded). But then the KKT performs the first, no less important function, and, moreover, it remains a full-fledged online cashier (in relation to which all the requirements established by law remain relevant).

During the operation of the online cash register, the necessary encryption and protection of fiscal data is also provided. Online cash register from July 1, 2017 is the only type of cash register equipment permitted for use in Russia in most legal relations.

Fiscal accumulator. It has a protected built-in memory, where fiscal data is written before further transmission to the FTS.

Fiscal accumulator is an independent functional module of KKM that works from a technological point of view independently of the others (although it is connected to them for different purposes - since this is the only way an online checkout can actually work). In the manner prescribed by law (first of all, for the reason that the law establishes the maximum operating life of various types of fiscal accumulators - depending on the applied taxation system and taking into account other criteria). With the fiscal drive “taken out”, the cash register is not able to legally “punch” checks, but retains its theoretical adaptability to the formation of checks as such, it can be tested in one way or another, “inspected” in a preventive manner.

The location of the fiscal accumulator in relation to other hardware components of the online cash register is the main factor affecting the classification of online cash registers. But what “other” components are we talking about?

First of all, these are:

1. Computing module.

What tasks it performs is clear from its name. We can talk about the most different types of calculations - associated with the encryption of fiscal data, ensuring their conversion from one format to another, transferring between devices, receiving and transmitting data when interacting with the OFD.

1. Communication modules.

Their purpose is also obvious from the name. These modules are designed to technologically provide the reception and transmission of data via the Internet - using various communication technologies (wired or wireless).

1. Data input and output modules.

Entering and outputting data at the online cash register can be carried out not only for the purpose of fiscalizing revenue, but also within the framework of managing the online cash register as a whole, and when solving related tasks related to the formation of cash register receipts (for example, tasks on commodity accounting - if online the cash register is adapted to be used as a tool for its maintenance).

1. Check printout module.

This module is perhaps the simplest technologically, but at the same time, one of the most important (if not the most important along with the fiscal accumulator) in the online checkout. Issuing a cashier's check to a buyer is a legal obligation for a merchant, and failure to comply will result in severe penalties.

In practice, the technological connection of the drive, computing, communication and other modules can be implemented within the following types of "form factors" of online cash registers:

• an autonomous "command-controlled" online cash register;
• an autonomous cash register of the "gadget" type (or "candy bar");
• modular online cash register with a fiscal registrar.

A separate category can be divided into devices that combine the functionality of two devices that are different in purpose and technology, but interdependent and extremely close in their field of application - an online cash register and an acquiring terminal.

A completely independent type of solutions - cash registers for automated payment systems. They, in turn, are subdivided:

• to cash registers for online stores;
• to cash registers for offline automated systems (vending machines).

Types of online cash registers, their pros and cons

Let's take a closer look at the specifics of these types of online cash registers and get acquainted with the popular models of equipment of each type.

Autonomous "command-controlled"

The main feature of the "autonomy" of the cash register is the unification of all the above technological modules of the online cash register in one building. It is assumed that such a cash register will fully function without being connected to any external devices (except, perhaps, an electrical outlet - if the KKT does not have a battery, or at those moments when it sat down or it is desirable to recharge it).

The computing module in "command-controlled" autonomous cash registers is represented, as a rule, by an embedded processor of average power, which is adapted to perform a narrow range of calculations, which is characteristic precisely for the processing of fiscal data. A typical example of an embedded processor of an autonomous "command-controlled" cash register is Cortex M3 with a frequency not exceeding 30 MHz.

We conditionally refer to the type of cash register under consideration as a "command-controlled" online cash register. This designation is legitimate due to the specifics of the data input and output modules that are implemented in such cash registers.

Data entry at the cash registers in question, as a rule, is carried out only using the built-in keyboard. Any functions of the device - both basic (fiscal) and complementary to them (at least service ones - related to checking the device operability) are activated by entering special numeric (much less often text) commands from this keyboard (using separate specialized keys or combinations certain keys).

The screen interface as an element of data output at the cash registers under consideration can be extremely limited in functionality and modest in technical characteristics. In many cases it is adapted to output only numbers or simple words in 1-2 lines. An example is the cash register ELVES-MF with a one-line display:

The module for printing receipts at a command-controlled cash register is usually represented by a built-in receipt printer with a relatively low printing speed, as a rule, no more than 75 mm / sec. This, in most cases, meets the needs of a small store or service center (moreover, in practice, in many cases, it is enough for them even several times lower speed of printing checks), which can be attributed to the main target users of "command-controlled" cash registers.

Such a relatively modest speed of printing checks is absolutely not critical for another target category of users of the cash registers under consideration - mobile businesses (for the delivery of goods, food, taxi services, home services).

As a rule, there are no technological delights like an auto-cutter in such solutions (but individual developments may appear on the market that still have similar options).

Communication modules at "command-controlled" cash registers can be, in principle, very diverse - that is, represented by:

• wired ports RS-232, USB, Ethernet;
• wireless modules GSM, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.

The merchant itself chooses which of them is most convenient to use to connect the online cash register to the Internet. Sometimes equipping an online cash register with one or another communication module (most often this feature is typical for wireless modules) may be optional. That is, the cash register can be supplied from the factory, relatively speaking, without support for data transmission via GSM, but then it will be possible to easily install the necessary module into it.

The software at the "command-controlled" cash registers is most often represented by the simplest in terms of functionality, factory firmware (either a heavily cut Linux operating system or similar - but the alternatives are extremely rare, since the capabilities of this free OS are quite enough for the purposes under consideration), which allows you to perform technological a minimum of tasks characterizing the use of an online cash register in accordance with the law.

That is, it is assumed that KKM will be used only for processing fiscal data when settling with buyers (and then sending data to the Federal Tax Service) and nothing more. But, obviously, there is no need to expect a wider functionality from the device - taking into account the specifics of the modules for data input / output (especially, in terms of the screen, which is modest in terms of functions). "Command-controlled" cash registers in many cases are difficult to integrate into a computer network (in principle, everything here depends mainly on the technical aspect - you just need to work with the hardware and drivers, but this can take a lot of time). It is rather difficult to implement their remote control via the Internet or at least through the same local network of a trade enterprise.

At the same time, the fact that the "command-controlled" cash registers have very simple software can be called one of the advantages of the devices under consideration. The fact is that it is almost impossible to infect such software with any virus (or configure it so that it "glitches" and the cash register stops working). The cash register, once configured, as a rule, can be "turned on and forgotten" (until the moment when the settings for some reason do not have to be updated - for example, during a planned software flashing, if required).

There are other obvious advantages of a "command-controlled" checkout:

• compactness, mobility (the device can be carried with you by a courier or used in some other way in businesses in mobile formats);
• as a rule, a low level of power consumption and, as a result, a sufficiently long operation without recharging from a battery.

Thus, even the most technologically simple cash registers in question are still actively produced and are in demand in many business segments.

Examples of popular models of Russian "command-controlled" cash registers:

1. Elwes-MF.

The device is adapted:

• to print receipts at a speed of 14 lines per second (about 45 mm / sec) on a tape 57 mm wide;
• for autonomous operation on a battery, providing breaking through of 1500 checks without recharging;
• to transfer data over Wi-Fi.

Such an online cash register costs about 5,000 rubles without a fiscal drive.

Now and further in the article - we will consider all prices for online cash registers without a fiscal accumulator - which, depending on the characteristics, can cost 6,000 - 13,000 rubles. Any online cash register is compatible with any storage device - there is no need to evaluate their mutual compatibility. We only consider the compatibility of the drive with the taxation system of a commercial enterprise in accordance with the provisions of Article 4.1 of Law No. 54-FZ (where, first of all, we turn to the wording that contains the term "validity period of the fiscal sign key" - the official name of the permitted service life of the drive).

1. Mercury 115F.

The device is pretty close to the characteristics of the previous solution. It can:

• print receipts at a speed of 7 lines per second - slower, but in practice it should not be very noticeable, since 14 lines is not the most outstanding indicator, but sufficient for the corresponding segment of the online checkout;
• process the same number of receipts as the Elwes-MF cash register, offline without recharging the battery, work via Wi-Fi.

You can buy it a little cheaper than the previous device - from 4500 rubles.

1. Minika 1102 MK-F.

This CCP model, in general, has characteristics comparable to those of the above competitors. But in appearance it is slightly different from the previous solutions - it is less compact, but at the same time has a more "traditional" design, equipped with large high buttons. The device belongs to the same price category - from 5500 rubles.

Standalone type "gadget" (or type "candy bar")

The considered type of autonomous online cash registers, in general, corresponds to the above-mentioned main criterion of "autonomy" in the form of the location of all technological modules of an online cash register in one building. At the same time, from the point of view of the "electronic filling", the stand-alone cash registers in question form a completely independent type of device, which has a huge number of differences from the "command-controlled" cash register machines.

We conventionally refer to the considered devices as cash registers of the "gadget" type, since:

• they work under the control of the Android mobile operating system (as a rule, in a special assembly adapted for use in the considered way - as an OS at an online checkout);
• they are equipped with a touch screen - which is the main technological module for information input (and, accordingly, is used as a more functional data output tool in comparison with the single-line display at the cash registers of the previous type - which can be represented not only by text, but also by pictures or video).

In some cases, it is still legitimate to classify the cashier not as a "gadget", but as a "candy bar" - as a device that is closer to a computer than to a gadget - since such a solution is controlled by a typical computer OS, and often with open source (and here the choice is especially small - mainly the same Linux is used). But, of course, there are all-in-one cash registers on Windows.

At the same time, in many cases, it is possible to connect other data input modules to the cash register of the "gadget" ("candy bar") type - a keyboard, a mouse.

Computing modules at checkouts of the "gadget" type are typical for smartphones and tablets Cortex processors in versions 7, 9 or 10. That is, chips, as a rule, are disproportionately more powerful than those installed on "command-controlled" cash desks. But the need for their use is quite obvious: here we are talking about the processing of a much wider range of data and about the implementation of more complex calculations. Monoblocks can be equipped with processors typical for PCs (more often for mobile PCs).

Communication modules in cash registers-gadgets can be, depending on the model, either strictly built-in (and do not imply subsequent equipping with additional functionality), or optionally installed. But even built-in modules, as a rule, are present in a composition that is more than sufficient to meet the needs of a merchant: both the most common wired and wireless interfaces can be supported.

As for the printout of receipts, in this regard, the cash registers under consideration, as a rule, do not significantly exceed those that we refer to as "command-controlled" cash registers. The most budgetary receipt printers with average productivity and a low degree of work automation are installed here.

One way or another, it is quite obvious that from the point of view of functionality at the software level, the cash registers in question are at a completely different level in comparison with previous devices. A mobile gadget is, in fact, a mini-computer on which you can install a variety of applications, and the same can be said about an online cash register of the "gadget" type (with the proviso that the installed applications will most likely have a narrow specialization, but nonetheless). Many modern manufacturers of online cash registers are developing their applications designed to expand the functionality of cash registers: it becomes possible to use them not only as a fiscal tool, but also as a solution for managing a warehouse, sales, and loyalty programs.

The main advantages of the considered online cash registers include:

• just functionality (since at the checkout it is possible to solve problems not only related, in fact, to fiscalization), one of its aspects is multimedia, adaptability to being included in a corporate network, to various options for remote control;
• as in the case of command-controlled devices, relatively high mobility, compactness (as a result, applicability in the same business formats).

The disadvantages of the cash registers in question are:

• in many cases, less (in comparison with command-controlled KKM) autonomy in terms of the battery charge reserve (this is understandable, since the maintenance of a full-fledged mobile gadget is an energy-consuming procedure);
• potentially higher vulnerability to computer threats (the cash register, since it is controlled by a full-fledged OS, can become infected with a virus, as a result of which trade will stop);
• as a rule, a shorter estimated service life (a conventional mobile gadget has a service life of about 3 years, the warranty is valid for 1 year, and in general the same can be said about the online checkout).

Of course, the degree of influence of these disadvantages on the comfort of using the checkout and its efficiency may be different and will depend on the specific conditions and intensity of use. Of course, a trading enterprise may have devices for which such disadvantages are minimal - with the full preservation of the above advantages.

The most famous online cash registers of this type on the market include:

1. Checkout line "Evotor"(LINK).

As part of it, several different types of KKM based on Android are collected, each of which is adapted for use in a specific area of ​​business:

• compact, optimized for mobile sales, cash desk Evotor 5 worth 18,900 rubles;
• convenient cash desks for stationary trade Evotor 7.2, which costs 19,900 rubles, and the more advanced Evotor 7.3, which is much more expensive - 29,500 rubles;
• cash desk for catering enterprises Evotor 10 for 35,000 rubles.

It can be noted that the most affordable KKM of the Evotor line is capable of:

• to print out receipts at a speed of 50 mm / sec;
• for autonomous work up to 12 hours;
• to data transmission via Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth.

The checkout has a built-in GPS navigator, is equipped with two 5 MP cameras, which can be used to scan barcodes (and thus not be connected). The device is powered by a high-performance processor MediaTek MTK8321A with a frequency of 1.3 MHz.

More expensive devices in the line are even more technologically advanced. In fact, cash registers under the Evotor brand are mini-computers that are designed to implement the widest possible functionality in the cashier's workplace, which boils down not only to performing typical cash transactions, but also to solving exactly those tasks related to sales and warehouse management. ...

In the Evotor brand store (LINK) there is a large number of applications for various purposes that can be installed on gadget cash registers.

1. Checkout MSPOS-K.

This device is remarkable in that it is delivered to the market with software that is largely open from the point of view of the possibility of installing system and application branded applications from the user at the checkout. So, the considered cashier can be found in such modifications as, for example, ModulKassa. They differ just at the level of system and application software.

The specified modifications of the KKT MSPOS-K are turnkey products that do not require the installation of additional applications. But at the will of the user, a "clean" version of the MSPOS-K device can be purchased, on which any necessary software can be installed within the limits of the "openness" of the code. It is not so expensive - about 9,000 rubles.

One way or another, in all modifications the cash register is adapted:

• to print out receipts at a speed of 75 mm / sec;
• to continuous operation from the battery up to 48 hours;
• to scan images with the built-in 5MP camera.

The checkout is universal - it is suitable both for trade businesses and for various services (including catering). In general, this is an extremely positive product that will be appreciated by both beginners and experienced users of cash register systems - in order to determine for which tasks such a cash register-gadget is best suited.

1. Cash desks of the Viki line from the Dreamkas company(LINK).

All of them can be rightfully classified as monoblock cash registers - that is, they are more computers than gadgets (for example, because they work under Linux). The brand produces devices that can also be conditionally classified by segment of use:

• compact and versatile - suitable for both mobile and stationary businesses, the Viki Mini cash desk worth 29,900 rubles;
• high-performance checkout platforms Viki Classic (63,200 rubles) and Viki Tower (66,200 rubles) for the largest trade brands.

Video - Vicky Mini online checkout:

If you look at the characteristics of the Viki Mini device as the most affordable for the price, you can see that it has:

• large display - 8 inches (that is, it, in general, can be used as a full-fledged cash register computer from the point of view of the convenience of working at a local workplace);
• receipt printer that prints receipts at a speed of 80 mm / sec;
• support for most modern wired interfaces - USB, Ethernet, RS-232, data transfer via Wi-Fi - which makes it easy to adapt the checkout to be placed in a convenient place.

The device is positioned as a convenient solution for stores connected to the Unified State Automated Information System (EGAIS), as well as retail enterprises using various 1C-branded product accounting solutions, with which the checkout can be easily integrated.

Modular with fiscal registrar

Fiscal registrar - combining two technological modules:

• acting, as we already know, an independent module of the fiscal accumulator;
• module for printing receipts.

In addition, in the recorder, as a rule, modules for data transmission are implemented in a minimum number (at the same time, they can be both wired and wireless) - but only for the purpose of transferring them to a computing module for subsequent processing. The registrar itself does not transmit fiscal data to the Internet.

Sometimes the fiscal registrar is mistakenly referred to as a "receipt printer". This is quite understandable, since it is the receipt printer that occupies the largest space in its case, and the operating recorder itself looks exactly like a device that only does what prints receipts.

By the way, in terms of the "printing" function, the receipt printer built into the fiscal registrar, in terms of its performance, can several times surpass the devices installed in stand-alone cash register machines. Even in the most budgetary fiscal registrars, the speed of printing a receipt can exceed 100-150 mm / sec.

It should be noted that on the cash register market there are check printers as such - devices that look almost exactly the same as fiscal registrars, but are intended only for printing checks (or documents similar in purpose - for example, forms of strict reporting or checks for acquiring terminals ).

It is noteworthy that Law No. 54-FZ, which regulates the use of online cash registers, also establishes the rules for the use of receipt printers. In cases provided by law, these printers are used instead of online checkouts. For example, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 2 of Law No. 54-FZ, online cash registers may not be used in hard-to-reach areas. However, commercial enterprises operating there and not using such cash registers are obliged to issue to customers instead of cashier's checks, alternative documents in confirmation of receipt of funds from them. One of these documents can be a receipt generated on a "clean" receipt printer.

But in the case of an online cash register, a fiscal registrar is not a receipt printer, but a much more technological device. It functions in conjunction with other technological modules of the online checkout:

1. Computational, which can be represented by:

• computer (regular or cash register), laptop;
• mobile gadget - smartphone or tablet.

1. Communication (in fact, those that are available on devices acting as computing modules are used).

1. Data input and output modules.

They can be:

• keyboard, mouse - connected to a computer or gadget;
• a touch screen of a computer or gadget (or an ordinary screen - as a type of data output module).

Thus, the specificity of the modular online checkout lies in the distribution of the functionality of each of the modules we have considered to separate devices that work independently of each other (but technologically connected). Each of them can be used for purposes not related to the fiscalization of the proceeds of a commercial enterprise (if, of course, this is not a fiscal registrar as such).

And this is precisely the advantage of the introduction of online cash registers in the considered form factor in the enterprise: devices already operating in the enterprise can be used as the computing, communication and infrastructure used for data input / output.

All that a store may need to purchase if computers (or gadgets) are available are the "remaining" two modules - which, as we already know, are compactly included in the fiscal registrar. As a rule, there are no technological obstacles to connecting several fiscal devices to one computer: the power of even the most budget processor on a PC is usually enough to service fiscal operations in several different streams. At the same time, computers or gadgets can be freely used as before for various production purposes - for example, for conducting inventory or warehouse accounting.

The disadvantage of the modular form factor of an online checkout is, first of all, the increased dimensions of the entire "structure" - which is extremely problematic to carry all of it with you if the calculations are carried out in mobile mode (for example, if the checkout is used by an online store courier delivering goods to customers home). But if it is a mobile gadget that is used as a computational module, then the situation will be reversed - and the resulting bundle will just be optimally used in mobile calculations (below we will consider in more detail how).

But, one way or another, stationary shopping facilities are traditionally among the main users of modular cash registers. For them, modular CCTs are one of the most optimal solutions both in terms of costs and functionality. The costs can be reduced only to the purchase of fiscal registrars - if the company already has the necessary computing devices to which they can be connected. In terms of functionality, all available computing options on computers will remain. In addition, thanks to a more efficient module for printing receipts in a fiscal registrar in comparison with stand-alone cash registers, the cash register is better than many stand-alone devices to cope with a large flow of customers.

If the question is really only about buying fiscal registrars - when added to the existing computers at the enterprise, full-fledged modular cash registers are formed, then when choosing the appropriate fiscal devices, you can focus on the following main criteria:

1. It makes no sense to look for sensations to designate the number one criterion, it is obvious - this is the speed of printing checks.

It is impermissible for a "receipt printer" to "not be the leader" among printing devices used among other modifications of online checkouts. The fiscal registrar as a separate type of equipment is primarily intended to ensure the efficiency of "paperwork", and therefore even the most budget models of registrars have a corresponding indicator that significantly exceeds that that characterizes the operation of autonomous online cash registers.

So, the Vicky Print 57 F device, worth 8900 rubles, prints receipts at a speed of 100 mm / sec. A registrar with an index of 80 plus F of the same line is almost twice as expensive, but, moreover, prints receipts three times faster. By the way, the indicator of 300 mm / sec is one of the record for the market (and in the corresponding price segment, which should still be considered average, it is difficult to find seriously competing solutions).

1. Communication and software compatibility with computing modules to which the recorder can be connected.

From the point of view of communications, depending on the situation, wired or, conversely, wireless recorders may be preferable (in this case, it matters which interface of the first or second type is supported, sometimes USB is more desirable than RS-232 and vice versa, the same is Wi- Fi / Bluetooth).

The criterion of "compatibility" on a communication basis has a rather limited effect on the total cost of the device. But, as a rule, "wireless" devices are slightly more expensive than analogs among solutions from the same brand or from competitors.

As for software compatibility, it will rather focus on analyzing the situation "from the other side", when the compatibility of a particular program with certain models of the fiscal registrar will be considered. And if the software does not fit a specific registrar, this does not mean at all that it is more expedient to choose another: perhaps it is more profitable to just change the program and install the one that fits the registrar. But there are no universal laws according to which it would be legitimate to make recommendations - except for the aspect that it is always worth checking beforehand for compatibility between the recorder and the software on the computing module.

Another question is what to use as a computational module for the fiscal registrar?

Possible options:

1. Specialized cash register computer (POS system).

In "pure" form (without a fiscal registrar), prices for such a device start at about 40,000 rubles. The main advantage in buying this type of computing module is that the vendor pre-installs the basic software on it, which is required for typical end-user tasks. At the same time, the functionality of such programs can be extremely powerful - if, for example, it is represented by solutions such as Frontol XPOS.

In addition, the operating system on POS terminals, as a rule, is best adapted for use in order to solve problems at the checkout - "glitches" and freezes in the corresponding operating modes are minimized in such an OS, there are no problems with installing key drivers for additional equipment ...

1. Normal computer, laptop.

Its cost will obviously be tied to performance. An average PC in terms of power can be bought for 15-20 thousand rubles (but you will also need a monitor, keyboard and mouse - together 7-8 thousand rubles), a laptop - for 25-30 thousand rubles. It is cheaper than a POS system, however, the computer will be delivered in a "pure" form - without the necessary cash and inventory programs. If you add them to the price - the same Frontol XPOS costs from 6500 rubles, then the costs will be comparable to those that characterize the purchase of a cash register computer.

However, "clean" PCs can outperform POS systems with preinstalled software in terms of financial efficiency in terms of scaling a business: in principle, any convenient solution can be installed on ordinary computers - installed on a hard disk or in the cloud (which, moreover, , maybe free), and then, if necessary, replace it with minimal costs. Changing the pre-installed software on a POS system means recognizing the indirect costs of purchasing it as ineffective. And if you leave it, then the flexibility in scaling will significantly decrease.

1. Mobile gadget.

The main advantage of this type of computing module is obvious from its name. The mobile gadget to which the fiscal registrar will be "tied" can be used in those areas of trade and services where stationary POS systems and online cash registers based on PCs and laptops are problematic due to their increased dimensions and inability to operate autonomously.

There are also specialized modifications of fiscal registers - just adapted for mobile use. For example - ATOL 11F Mobile device.

According to its characteristics, a mobile gadget can be, in principle, the most budgetary one. The cash register software used on it, as a rule, is cloud-based - and does not imply high requirements for the performance of the computing module.

Integrated (cash register and acquiring in one device)

Acquiring is a procedure in which a store accepts payment by credit card using a special terminal. This terminal is adapted to:

• to reading bank cards, obtaining data necessary to identify their owner (for example, a PIN code);
• to the exchange of data on a bank card with the bank that issued the card (and the bank that carries out acquiring) via the Internet.

It should be noted that acquiring as an independent procedure is neither legally nor technologically related to the fiscalization of cash receipts, which is carried out at online cash registers. However, both devices are closely related because:

• can be used at the same checkout (and practically simultaneously - as a result of which two checks are issued to the buyer - one from the checkout, the other from the terminal to confirm the withdrawal of funds from the card);
• data on the amount of payment on the card must be transferred to the online cashier - this proceeds are also subject to fiscalization.

Thus, taking into account the proximity of the fields of application of the two devices - online cash registers and acquiring terminals, their combination into one device may look more than justified. Actually, the validity of such a technological approach was confirmed even at a time when there were no online cash registers in Russia: there were models of devices on the market that combine the functionality of a cash register with an EKLZ and a terminal for accepting payment by cards. This trend has received a technological continuation at the current level of development of CCP: Russian entrepreneurs can buy integrated, and, moreover, functional and quite affordable solutions that combine two demanded (often absolutely necessary) functions.

Among the most popular integrated devices - combining, include products such as:

1. LARUS M2100F.

The device is an acquiring terminal, supplemented by the functionality of an online cash register, which actually corresponds to the capabilities of a "command-controlled" cash register - which, at the same time, are quite enough to ensure the operation of the device, taking into account the requirements of Law No. 54-FZ.

Both the terminal and the cash register, as its functional part, can "share" common technological modules - computing and, what is important, communication. In particular, they are represented by Wi-Fi, 3G modules, optionally - Bluetooth.

The cost of the device is about 31,500 rubles. In general, this corresponds to the price of two separate devices - KKT and terminal, of the middle level. As an online cash register, the device prints receipts at a decent speed of 75 mm / sec. But the main advantage of the terminal is its compactness, which will be a plus in using the device within the framework of mobile sales.

1. ATOL 60F.

The device is noticeably cheaper than the previous one. True, the user will have to pay for the “cheapness” by actually “linking” the device to only two acquiring banks - VTB24 and Zenit. But if the current account is opened there - why not?

In terms of its basic capabilities, the device, in general, corresponds to the device from Tierus - both in terms of the speed of printing receipts, and in terms of supporting communications.

For online stores

One of the features of online trading is the use of a fairly wide range of instruments for settlements between sellers and buyers. Three of them are the most typical:

1. Prepayment for goods directly on the site(by card or using specialized payment systems - such as Yandex.Money and Webmoney, or systems implemented on the basis of online banking from Sberbank and other credit and financial organizations).

In this case, the online store, in accordance with Law No. 54-FZ, has an obligation to transfer an electronic cash register receipt to the buyer. It is not necessary to issue a paper one (and, obviously, it is extremely difficult in practice). To do this, by the time of settlements using these electronic tools, the online store must have the buyer's contact information to which the cashier's receipt will be sent (e-mail or phone). This data is most often requested in the order form on the website of the online store - before sending an application for the product.

In the scenario under consideration, it is assumed that an online checkout is automatically applied, which is integrated with an online store in due course. At the same time, in practice, the following can be used as the corresponding "automatic" cash registers:

a) a regular online checkout, which is configured in a certain way;

The legislator does not establish any technological or legal restrictions on the use of "manual" online cash registers as devices that can be adapted to automatic payments when accepting payment on the website of an online store.

There is a widespread scheme in which a regular checkout is integrated with an online store through specialized cloud services. An example of such a service is Online Checks from the Business.ru project (LINK). One checkout can be integrated with an online store for 500 rubles per month.

It is noteworthy that, according to the scheme from Online Checks, the cash desk to which the online store is connected does not lose the ability to "serve" also an offline retail outlet at the same time - unless, of course, the hardware "freezes" due to congestion (this is unlikely - since fiscalization does not apply to too complex computational operations that require large resources of the processor and memory, but, nevertheless, it is possible).

b) a special automatic checkout, adapted specifically for online stores.

At the same time, it is assumed that it will be located in a specialized data center, which ensures its security and uninterrupted operation. The most common scheme for integrating such cash registers with online stores is rent.

Examples of the most famous providers of online cash registers for rent are Orange Data (LINK), ATOL-Online (LINK). The pricing policy of these direct competitors, in general, is comparable in basic parameters - no one wants to concede. The cost of connecting one online checkout to a cloud integrator is about 2,000 rubles per month. At the same time, in any case, you will need to buy a fiscal drive, which must be registered in the online store.

1. Cash on delivery- when a person pays off upon receipt of goods from a courier, at a pick-up point that belongs to an online store, or at the Russian Post.

In this case, the online cash register is used in a mode that actually corresponds to the offline method of its use - as if the calculation was made by a regular store, for example, a grocery store.

At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the legal aspect: if the seller delegated the authority to release the goods and receive payment to the paying agent - as is the case with the Russian Post, then the online cash register should be used exactly as recorded on the agent. The seller, of course, can, in accordance with the established procedure, compensate the agent's costs for the implementation of infrastructure for fiscalization.

Delegation of authority for settlements to payment agents is also possible if settlements are carried out strictly online. In such scenarios, an aggregator of payment systems can act as an agent (for example, the Robocheck solution from Robokassa -) - used as a payment tool on the site. It is he who uses the online checkout, not the online store. A separate agreement is concluded between the aggregator and the online store, according to which a commission for agency services is also provided.

1. Calculation "on receipt"- when a person, having ordered a product, downloads a receipt from the website of the online store, pays for it, and only after that can pick up the selected purchase (from the same point of issue or from a courier).

The settlement scheme under consideration can be called the most difficult from the point of view of the application of the norms of Law No. 54-FZ, which regulate the direct use of the online cash register as a tool for fiscalizing the proceeds of an online store. For a long time in the law, in principle, there were no norms explaining the procedure for the application of CCP when paying "on receipt".

But now there are such norms and they are quite intelligible (although they were drawn up not without gaps). If you study the provisions contained in paragraph 5.2 of Article 1.2 of Law No. 54-FZ, you can come to the conclusion that an online store that accepts payment "on receipt" will have to, by accepting such payment:

a) issue an electronic check to the buyer - no later than the next business day that follows the day of receipt of payment, if there are contacts for sending such a check.

At the same time, the law does not say at what point in time these contacts should be requested. Thus, it is quite permissible to request them after the calculations - in order to fulfill the prescription in question according to the law.

b) if it was not possible to send the buyer an electronic check (for example, due to the fact that it was not possible to receive the contacts for sending it) - issue a paper one:

• as soon as a person appears for a product;
• as soon as a person contacts the point of issue of goods of the online store on any other issue.

At the same time, a paper check must in any case be generated by the end of the working day following the one in which payment for the goods was accepted - even if the buyer has not yet appeared. The store will have to keep the receipt in order to hand it over to the customer when he arrives.

It is assumed that under the “on receipt” scheme, the online cash register will be used in the same “offline” way as in the case of payment for goods upon receipt at the point of issue. And when choosing a cash register for "offline" fiscalization, therefore, you need to focus on the criteria for the classification of the relevant devices considered in detail - it all depends on the specific conditions of the CCP application.

For vending machines

First of all, we note that selling using vending machines in many cases is suitable for exceptions from those rules, according to which online cash registers must be used. So, according to the totality of the norms of paragraphs 2 and 8 of Article 2 of Law No. 54-FZ, it can be concluded that if the vending machine is used for the sale of drinking water in bulk, then the online cashier is not required to be used when calculating with the help of it.

KKT are not used in any vending machines that work on a mechanical principle - without the use of electronic components (for example, these can be devices for selling candy for metal coins - when, after placing a coin in a special tray, you can start "twisting" the dispenser to remove the candy from the device).

At the same time, the above scenarios are, in one way or another, exceptions to the general rule, according to which an online cash register must still be installed on a vending machine. And, obviously, this will be completely different from the device that could be attributed to one or another type of those discussed above - simply because they are designed for "manual" use with the participation of the cashier. And in the case of vending, all calculations are automatic (at least, it is assumed that this is so).

Accordingly, you need an automatic online checkout, specially designed for vending. In terms of form factor, it can be represented by:

• an embedded device - that is, located inside the vending machine (as an option, as a module similar in functionality to a fiscal recorder - which connects to the vending computer and uses available communication modules for data transmission);
• a device located outside the vending machine body (and, moreover, adapted to service several machines - due to the simultaneous connection of all of them to a common online cash register, in which case the vending machine performs a function somewhat close to the function of an online store website - which is connected to the online checkout through the cloud service).

To determine which device to put on the vending machine, you should, again, refer to the provisions of the law. In this case, we will be interested in paragraph 5.1 of Article 1.2 of Law No. 54-FZ.

It says that the owner of the vending machine has the right to use the cash register located outside the body of the vending machine without issuing a paper cash voucher to the buyer (and without sending an electronic receipt to the buyer - if he did not provide his contacts before settlements) in the following cases:

1. When the payment is made using a card, and the subject of purchase is one or another service related to the carriage of passengers, cargo, luggage.

1. When the calculation is made in any way, and the subject of purchase is any (except for excisable, technically complex goods and those goods that are subject to mandatory labeling), but at the same time the vending machine:

• contains mechanisms for automatic dispensing of goods (without mechanical influence from the side of the buyer - as is the case with a dispenser on a candy machine);
• has a display on which a QR code with encrypted data on a cashier's receipt can be displayed (and the customer can read it from a smartphone).

At the same time, in both cases, the vending machine must have an easily readable serial number on the outside - this requirement is contained in paragraph 5.2 of Article 1.2 of Law No. 54-FZ.

If these conditions are not met, then a separate online cash register will have to be installed in the vending machine inside the case.

It should be borne in mind that:

• the rule on the presence of a display with a QR code will come into force only from 2020 (this is stated);
• it is expected that by 2024 all retail goods will be subject (this has been repeatedly reported by representatives of the authorities in various media).

Therefore, it is legitimate to say that the preferential conditions for the use of vending are most likely temporary. But they do exist and they can be considered essential. The fact is that "outside the case" of an automatic machine, you can use, in principle, any online cash register - adapted to automatic calculations (while, as we already know, you can set up fiscalization at one cash register for several vending machines at the same time - as if it was not "hardware" in the form of vending devices that was connected to it, but Internet sites).

As in the case of online stores, a rental scheme is becoming an extremely popular scheme for connecting vending machines to online cash registers. There are more and more providers of services for renting online cash registers for vending. The most famous brands include the following companies:

Note that this supplier offers, in fact, two scenarios for the implementation of infrastructure under Law No. 54-FZ at the level of vending machines - both with the use of CCP outside the building, and with the use of embedded solutions.

In the second case, the service provides effective telemetry - that is, remote control over the operation of the online cash register inside the vending machine. But the first scenario assumes its connection to an external online cash register - in this case, a cloud one, implemented on the basis of the Orange Data service we are familiar with (and using Payonline-01-FA devices). Therefore, the appeal to "Telemetron" can be recommended, first of all, for those entrepreneurs who are accustomed to this popular service - as an option, for the reason that there was already an experience of integration with this infrastructure for fiscalization at the level of an online store.

1. "Unicum"(LINK).

The brand offers essentially similar types of services - for telemetry of online cash registers “built-in” into vending machines and for integrating vending machines into leased infrastructure for fiscalization. For these purposes, a universal hardware module RedBox is used, which ensures the compatibility of the proposed infrastructure with most models of vending machines available on the Russian market.

The service uses several CCP models, the Payonline device is one of them.

1. iVend.

Again, this provider allows you to implement the infrastructure for fiscalization both locally and using the rental of an online cash register for one or more vending machines. The basic type of CCP used by the supplier is the FA Treasurer.

It can be noted that various models of vending online cash registers (apart from those listed above, popular solutions include, for example, Terminal FA, RP-System FA, UMKA-01-FA), in general, have comparable, if not identical, possibilities. In the case of a cloud connection of an online cash register "outside the case", neither the owner of the vending machine, nor the end user - that is, the buyer of the goods - will feel the difference.

In turn, these or those "vending" online cash registers will be installed inside the case, in principle, they may have more or less tangible differences in terms of:

• the speed of printing a receipt (but, since queues at the vending machine are a rare phenomenon, this indicator, most likely, will not play a special role);
• support of various interfaces for data transmission (but due to rather strong competition in this segment, CCP manufacturers try to make their products as versatile as possible, and it is unlikely that their competitors will fundamentally surpass them in something in terms of providing support for communications).

Thus, when choosing an online cash register for vending, it is legitimate to say that the key factor here is not so much the price of the cash register, but how noticeable the accompanying financial costs will be - in the form of rent or prices for integrating a cash register and a vending machine into local level.

It is up to the user to independently integrate one or another CCP model, adapted for automatic calculations, and used vending machines. But this procedure, as a rule, is incomparably more complicated and costly in comparison with using a ready-made integration solution from any of the above suppliers or their competitors.

What the costs of fiscalization in vending may be depends on a huge number of factors - from the characteristics of a particular vending machine (especially in terms of its suitability for installing intermediate devices that ensure the exchange of payment data between the machine itself and the cashier) and ending with the availability or the customer does not have preferential options for using software (and, possibly, hardware solutions) from the integrator. If he is a current experienced user of Orange Data, then the conditions may be the same, if a beginner - completely different.

Therefore, the price conditions for vending should always be requested from a specific supplier. These conditions can be extremely individual.

Which online checkout to choose for your business format

Very conditionally, the following main "dependencies" can be distinguished between a specific type of online cash register - from among those we have discussed above, and the type of business for which this or that type of cash register may be optimal:

1. The relationship between the type of online cash register and the format of trade.

In its "pure" form, trade can be stationary or mobile. But there are also various mixed forms - for example, catering (field service with a "temporary" stationary location of the cashier infrastructure at the customer's site).

The most "liberal" in relation to the characteristics of the cash register will be the requirements dictated by the stationary terms of trade - also because there will be few such requirements. At the cashier's permanent workplace, as a rule, there is enough space and electricity - and there is no need to overpay for the "compactness" of the cash register and for a capacious battery (if the question of such an overpayment arises).

But you need to look at other terms of trade - about them below.

Mobile commerce, accordingly, will require from an online checkout:

• compactness;
• good "power reserve" in the part of the battery.

Optimal solutions for mobile businesses can be:

• an autonomous cash register with suitable dimensions (what type it will be - "command-controlled" or "gadget", depends on the preferences of the retailer for the price of the device);
• a modular cash register in the form of a combination of a fiscal registrar and a mobile gadget using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth (the registrar can be placed in a car or in a courier's bag, and a cash register smartphone or tablet in a pocket, and no device will interfere with a person's work).

1. The relationship between the type of checkout and the number of customers who calculatedly pass through the checkout.

The most unpleasant thing for any store, both in terms of the prospects for generating current revenue and in terms of the prospects for increasing customer loyalty, is the long queue at the checkout. Therefore, it is completely unacceptable if it is formed not due to the rush demand for the product (which may be the result of an ingenious marketing strategy), but is purely technical in nature and is due to the insufficient speed of receipt printers at online cash registers.

If the store sells products and other consumer goods, it must be equipped with cash registers with fast check-printing mechanisms. That is, do not skimp on efficient fiscal registrars, which must necessarily work in conjunction with convenient (not involving unjustified "user" difficulties in the work of a store employee) and reliable ("not buggy") computing modules.

1. Dependence between the type of cash register and the hardware and software products used at the time of the decision to purchase online cash registers (as an option, used in terms of cash register, warehouse, sales management).

The checkout must be compatible with them. If they operate on the basis of cloud technologies, then the checkout should be bought one that can connect to a cloud server. It should be a gadget cash register, candy bar or modular cash register.

And if the cashier infrastructure is being built from scratch, then you need to think over how it will unfold prospectively, taking into account the expectations regarding the growth and scaling of the business. Saving on the purchase of the most budgetary online cash registers, which, for example, are not able to integrate into a common network, may turn out to be completely imaginary in practice. But the overpayment for expensive solutions that will not be the most optimal in terms of network scaling is also an indicator of incorrect prioritization in business.

As a rule, the best adaptability to "network" scaling are, again, modular systems - due to the distribution of functionality among technologically independent computing modules. On a cash register computer to which one or several fiscal registrars are connected, you can always put the required cloud or installed software, combine it with other PCs, use it as a tool with functionality that complements a typical cash register.

But if the store is small, it is not necessary to overpay for it. It is quite possible to get by with an inexpensive stand-alone cash register.

In turn, completely independent - predetermined based on the detailed characteristics of the business model of the enterprise, the criteria can be observed at the level of Internet sales and in vending. It is counterproductive to single out even conditional patterns here. Moreover, the right decision in the segment of automated sales is sometimes chosen empirically - and it is not a fact that it will be possible to do it promptly.

If we talk about the most general principles, then these include the beginning of work with the use of the cheapest products. Then the online store, discovering the need for options that are not available at the current price, can start to buy the necessary functionality little by little from integrators in the field of online sales and vending. There is no need to rush: in many cases, initially expensive solutions become cheaper over time, thanks to an increase in demand and, of course, the activation of competitors - strong players in this segment on the Russian market appear more and more.

Video - an overview of online checkout options:

Cash register equipment is an indispensable attribute of almost any person or organization that is engaged in entrepreneurial activity. Many questions arise from these persons when it comes to fiscal apparatus. Some aspects of the use of such technical means are described in this article.

Legislation

Any individual entrepreneur, and even more so an organization engaged in commercial activities, before starting their work, must study the laws and other regulations of the state that regulate the use of CCP. This is due to the fact that not so long ago a law was passed in the country, which provides that if businessmen make payments with cash during their work, they must use fiscal equipment for this. But even if cash payments do not occur, and they are made by making transfers through bank cards, this is also a condition for the installation of a fiscal apparatus. Another regulatory document that regulates the legal relationship in question is the Federal Law on cash registers.

Forms of strict reporting

Of course, there are also exceptions established by law. Thus, some categories of entrepreneurs do not require the purchase, registration and use of cash registers. First of all, this applies to entrepreneurs who buy and sell their goods using strict reporting forms. The latter are a legitimate argument for the tax service, representing a confirmation of the operation. Requirements for strict reporting forms are established by special legal acts.

Other exceptions

Another category of private entrepreneurs and commercial organizations are persons who work and are engaged in such a type of activity that complicates the use of cash registers. Among these, for example, one can note outlets in the markets. The installation of CCPs in them is very difficult, since electricity is usually not supplied to such points, not to mention the Internet. By the way, about the network. Recently, control machines that carry out a direct transfer of testimony to the tax authority have been in rather great demand.

Other persons who are legally exempted from the use of CCP are single tax payers, as well as persons who carry out their business activities on the basis of a patent.

This list is not complete. A detailed list of them can be found in the law itself, which regulates their relationship. This normative act is called "On the implementation of cash payments by entrepreneurs and organizations." In addition to it, other documents of the state regulate certain issues.

Technique types

Cash register equipment is diverse. There are a huge number of manufacturers in the country who constantly manufacture these tax accounting tools. However, in general, these machines can be divided into three categories:

1. Cash register machine.
2. Electronic machines.
3. Software complexes.

These three types differ in complexity and function. If simple cash registers are a technique a little more than a calculator (the smallest copy), then computers are already a more advanced machine with a large number of all kinds of functions.

The software and hardware systems already speak for themselves - this is a huge set of not only technical means, but also a variety of software. Depending on the type of activity, on what the businessman will do, on the number of tasks that he wants to solve in the production process, the type of cash registers that he will need to use depends on all this.

registration

Buying a cash register is only half the battle. After purchasing it, you will need to register with an authorized body. This is the tax office. To register the device, you need to submit an application to this body in the form established by law. The form for this application can be obtained directly from the tax authorities. The document must be accompanied by a passport of the cash register, an agreement concluded with an organization that will further maintain it and carry out service repairs. Having handed over these documents to a tax specialist, you will need to wait a few days, and then pick up the cash register.

Technique register

In order for the registration of the control technique to pass successfully, you need to know some points. So, in accordance with the Government's decree, not all cash register equipment is subject to registration, and indeed can be used by entrepreneurs. The state, represented by the tax service, maintains a special list of devices that can be used on the territory of Russia. It is called the State Register. The tax authority enters this list with up-to-date information about the models of cash registers that can be used. Only after familiarizing yourself with this register is it recommended to acquire a CCP and then register it.

The named register serves simultaneously to three subjects of business relations. The first are entrepreneurs who can find out from it whether the purchased device is up-to-date, whether it can be used. The second are the manufacturers of CCP, who, before selling their products, are obliged to carry out activities to include their model in this register. Well, the third is the state bodies themselves, including the tax services, which, with the help of the register, carry out monitoring and inspections.

Application of cash registers

By registering the cash register in the prescribed manner, the taxpayer assumes other responsibilities. One of them is the use of fiscal techniques. The law establishes a list of cases in which an individual entrepreneur or other person engaged in business activity must use it. So, the normative act directly states that cash registers must be used if a businessman makes any payments using money or bank cards.

But that's not all. After using the CCP, the business owner or the person who is entrusted with the duties of using the cash register must give his client a check that will confirm the purchase.

The third important condition for the use of the fiscal apparatus is the filling in by the cashier or other person of all related documents. So, they are obliged, for example, to keep a register of cash register receipts, in which they reflect all the payments made, their amount and other nuances.

A responsibility

Violation of legislative norms related to the use and application of fiscal technology will be the basis for bringing to administrative responsibility. The tax service has a special unit that is authorized to carry out the necessary checks. Experts make sure that all businessmen use cash registers in accordance with the established requirements.

So, one of the powers of these employees is to conduct surprise inspections, as well as the so-called test purchases. In practice, it looks like this. A tax authority specialist in civilian clothes purchases a product in a store. If the cashier does not give him a check, then the fiscal will draw up an appropriate act, and the store employee will be held administratively liable. The punishment is a rather big fine.

You should know that the act of the tax service on the commission of the above-described misconduct can be challenged both in court and through the management of the organization.

Removal from the register

The use of CCP is directly related to the implementation of activities by entrepreneurs or organizations. Therefore, if they cease their activities, then the fiscal apparatus is subject to mandatory deregistration. This procedure is quite simple and does not require large material and time costs.

It is enough for a businessman to bring the fiscal registrar to the authorized body, where, again, write a statement on the appropriate form. Documents are attached to it: passport for the device, registration card. After five days, the tax authority will have to remove the vehicle from registration. If the deadline has passed, but the procedure has not been completed, then it is advisable to contact the deregistration department. It is possible that the businessman will be denied this action if the cash register was damaged or other malfunctions. In any case, if this public service is delayed, it is necessary to find out the reason, and in certain cases, write a complaint to higher officials (the head of the tax authority) or go to court.

Summarizing

Thus, there are not so many types of CCP. Any fiscal registrar that an entrepreneur plans to buy must first be checked for compliance with the requirements established by the State Register. Further, this equipment should be used correctly in order to avoid possible sanctions. But in any case, before starting a business, it is better to consult with knowledgeable people, including tax officials. It is also recommended to read all legal acts on the use of cash registers.