Presentation on the topic Konstantin Balmont. Biography of Balmont. last years of life
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The life and work of Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont (1867-1942) Completed by Zaitseva Lidia Ivanovna, State Budgetary Educational Institution of Secondary School in the village of Alekseevka, Samara Region
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Senior Symbolists The poet Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont belongs to the representatives of the older generation of Russian symbolism. Bryusov Merezhkovsky Gippius Sologub
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Family Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont was born in 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Shuisky district, Vladimir province. His childhood was spent in the log estate of his father, a poor nobleman. In the memory of the poet, he remained quiet and kind person who passionately loved nature and hunting. The poet's mother came from the family of a general. Active, educated, she was known in Shuya for treating peasants, participating in amateur performances and concerts, and publishing in the local newspaper.
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Education Since the autumn of 1886, Balmont was a student at the law faculty of Moscow University. But he did not graduate from the university: the next year, in the fall, a violent movement began at the university, students protested against the introduction of the reactionary university charter, and Balmont, as a person involved in the riots, was arrested, put in Butyrka prison for several days, and then without trial exiled to Shuya. Balmont was nervously tired and could no longer study at the university.
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The first poems In 1890, the first book of Balmont's poems was published in Yaroslavl. The book was imitative, it caused only ridicule of comrades. Like the young Nekrasov once, Balmont bought up and destroyed its circulation. He was now in a difficult position, at a crossroads in life. Marriage to the hysterical and eccentric daughter of a Shuya manufacturer, with whom Balmont fell in love, quarreled with his mother and deprived him of any Money from parental home. The marriage did not justify itself in any way. His wife tormented him with her jealousy, accustomed him to wine. He no longer knew what the future held for him. In March 1890, the mentally tormented Balmont, after reading Tolstoy's Kreutzer Sonata, decides to commit suicide. From the window of one of the Moscow houses where rooms were rented and where he then lived, Balmont threw himself from the third floor onto a cobbled courtyard. He did not crash to death, but he lay bedridden for a year. The fractures caused a slight limp that remained forever.
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"Under the northern sky" The need did not recede from Balmont, but he steadfastly endured it. He said that for months he "did not know what it was to be full, and approached the bakery to admire the rolls and bread through the glass." He began to translate scientific and artistic books, for the first time placed his poems in the press, and gave public lectures. In 1884, a collection of Balmont's poems "Under the Northern Sky" was published, from which the chronicle of his poetic work begins.
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Moonlight When the moon sparkles in the darkness of the night Its crescent, brilliant and tender, My soul longs for another world, Captivated by everything distant, everything boundless. To the forests, to the mountains, to the snow-white peaks I rush in dreams, as if a sick spirit, I am awake over the serene world, And weep sweetly, and breathe - By the moon I drink this pale radiance, Like an elf, I sway in a grid of rays, I listen, as the silence says. Suffering is far from my relatives, The whole earth with its struggle is alien to me, I am a cloud, I am the breath of the breeze.
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Friendship with Bryusov Valery Bryusov greatly valued his friendship with Balmont. “The evenings and nights I spent with Balmont,” Bryusov wrote in 1912, “when we endlessly read our poems to each other and read each other the poems of our favorite poets: he told me - Shelley and Edgar Allan Poe, I told him - Verlaine , Tyutcheva, - these evenings and nights when we talked with him de omni re scibili (About everything you can know (lat.).), - will forever remain among the most significant events of my life. I was one before meeting with Balmont and became different after meeting him.
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“We will be like the Sun” In the early poems of Balmont, moods of sadness, hopelessness and despondency dominate. At the turn of the twentieth century, the tone of Balmont's poetry changed dramatically. The poems are filled with frenzied joy, light. One of the collections is called - "We will be like the Sun"
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I came to this world to see the Sun And the blue outlook. I came to this world to see the Sun And the heights of the mountains. I came into this world to see the Sea And the lush color of the valleys. I have concluded the worlds in a single glance, I am the lord.
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I conquered cold oblivion, Creating my dream. Every moment I am filled with revelation, I always sing. Suffering awakened my dream, But I am loved for that. Who is equal to me in my melodious power? Nobody, nobody. I came to this world to see the Sun, And if the day goes out, I will sing... I will sing about the Sun In the dying hour!
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Impressionism Balmont worshiped the moment, the moment, believing that the moment is always unique, inimitable, that the moment reveals the truth, makes it possible to see the distant distance. The poet himself is, as it were, inscribed in this moment: it will pass, and the next moment he feels himself to be different and in a different way. In verse, he said: I do not know wisdom suitable for others, I put only transiences into verse. In every evanescence I see worlds Full of changing rainbow play.
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Musicality Readers were struck by the musicality of his poems. They had sonority, melodiousness, generous sound writing. Balmont, as it were, again showed the reader the beauty and intrinsic value of the word, fascinated the reader with smooth repetitions in which the melody flowed: I dreamed of catching the departing shadows. The departing shadows of the fading day, I climbed the tower, and the steps trembled, And the steps trembled under my feet.
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Master of alliteration Balmont - master of alliteration "Reeds" Midnight sometimes in the swampy wilderness Barely audible, silently, the reeds rustle.
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Glory Glory to Balmont was noisy. Even Chekhov sent him letters, confessing that he reads every new book of the poet with pleasure and excitement. “Hundreds of studies were written about Balmont, his books were republished annually, it was impossible to get a ticket for his lectures,” says I. Ehrenburg. “As soon as the poet appeared in the theater or on the street, he was surrounded by frantic admirers.” Balmont appeared on the stage pale, green-eyed, proudly tossing his head with red hair, curls falling to his shoulders, with an orchid flower in the buttonhole of his tailcoat. I will wait for you painfully, I will always wait for you, You beckon sweetly and exceptionally, You promise forever, - Balmont threw into the audience, and she was fascinated and at the same time a little shocked by such stanzas.
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Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont (1867-1942) Completed by: teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU - secondary school No. 10 of the city of Iskitim, Novosibirsk Region Khodkevich Larisa Alekseevna Biography
- Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont (1867-1942) - famous Russian poet, symbolist, classic of Silver Age literature. He is also famous for his translations from many languages. Author of many poetry collections, articles and essays.
- Before leaving abroad, he was Balmont, upon his return he began to call himself Balmont, apparently, "found French roots in his surname," as friends laughed, then it was fashionable, romantic, he is a symbolist. And so Balmont remained.
- Born on June 15, 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Vladimir province, where he lived until the age of 10. Balmont's father worked as a judge, then as head of the zemstvo council. The love of literature and music was instilled in the future poet by his mother. The family moved to Shuya when the older children went to school.
- In 1876, Balmont studied at the Shuya gymnasium, but soon he got tired of studying, and he began to pay more and more attention to reading. After being expelled from the gymnasium for revolutionary sentiments, Balmont transferred to the city of Vladimir, where he studied until 1886. In the same year, he entered the university in Moscow, the department of law. Studying there did not last long, a year later he was expelled for participating in student riots.
- The poet wrote his first poems as a ten-year-old boy, but his mother criticized his undertakings, and Balmont no longer attempted to write anything for the next six years.
- For the first time the poet's poems were published in 1885 in the magazine "Picturesque Review" in St. Petersburg.
- In 1890, due to the disaster financial position and an unsuccessful first marriage, Balmont tried to commit suicide - he jumped out of the window, but survived.
- Having received serious injuries, he lay in bed for a year. This year in the biography of Balmont can hardly be called successful, but it is worth noting that he turned out to be creatively productive.
- The debut collection of poems (1890) of the poet did not arouse public interest, and the poet destroyed the entire circulation
- The greatest flowering of Balmont's work falls on the 1890s. He reads a lot, learns languages and travels.
- Balmont published the collection "Under the Northern Sky" (1894), began to publish his works in the publishing house "Scorpio", the magazine "Scales". Soon new books appeared - "In the boundlessness" (1895), "Silence" (1898).
- The fourth collection of Balmont's poetry, Let's Be Like the Sun, was published in 1903. The collection became especially popular and brought great success to the author. At the beginning of 1905, Konstantin Dmitrievich again leaves Russia, he travels around Mexico, then goes to California.
- Balmont took an active part in the revolution of 1905-1907, mainly giving speeches to students and building barricades. Afraid of being arrested, the poet leaves for Paris in 1906.
- Having visited Georgia in 1914, he translated into Russian S. Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin", as well as many others. In 1915, returning to Moscow, Balmont travels around the country with lectures.
- In 1906, Balmont wrote the poem "Our Tsar" about Emperor Nicholas II:
Our king is Mukden, our king is Tsushima,
Our king is a bloodstain
The stench of gunpowder and smoke
In which the mind is dark...
Our king is blind squalor,
Prison and whip, on trial, execution,
Tsar hangman, the low twice,
What he promised, but did not dare to give.
He's a coward, he feels stuttering
But it will be, the hour of reckoning awaits.
Who began to reign - Khodynka,
He will finish - standing on the scaffold.
I love you more than the Sea and the Sky and the Singing
I love you longer than the days I was given on earth.
You alone burn for me, like a star in the silence of distance,
You are a ship that does not sink in dreams or waves,
not in the dark.
I fell in love with you unexpectedly, immediately, by accident,
I saw you - like a blind man suddenly widens his eyes
And, having regained his sight, he will be amazed that in the world the sculpture is soldered,
What is redundant down into the emerald, turquoise poured out.
I remember. Opening the book, you rustled the pages a little.
I asked: "Is it good that ice is broken in the soul?"
You flashed to me, instantly beheld the distance, the pupils.
And love - and love - about love - for the beloved - sings.
I love you
Last emigration
- In 1920, due to the poor health of his third wife and daughter, he left with them for France. He never returned to Russia again. In Paris, Balmont published 6 more collections of his poems, and in 1923 - autobiographical books: "Under the new sickle", "Air way".
But when with frozen features,
Dead, solemnly we sleep,
He, the Invisible One, breathes next to us,
And, praying, we talk with Him.
And the soul mysteriously understands
At this moment of fatal conversation,
What's on the path passed irrevocably,
Her rock was chosen by herself.
But, striving, sinning, suffering, crying,
Our free spirit was always kept.
Life was a problem solved
Death came - as the joy of meeting with Him.
Believe me, deceived people...
Last emigration
- The poet yearned for Russia and more than once regretted that he had left. These feelings were reflected in his poetry of that time. Life in a foreign land became more and more difficult, the poet's health deteriorated, there were problems with money. Balmont was diagnosed with a serious mental illness. Living in poverty on the outskirts of Paris, he no longer wrote, but only occasionally read old books.
- On December 23, 1942, in Noisy-le-Grand, not far from Paris, in the Russian House shelter, Balmont died of pneumonia.
- The work of the poet Balmont is unique. In fact, Konstantin Dmitrievich purely formally joined various currents, so that it would be more convenient for him to promote his new poetic ideas, which he never lacked. In the last decade of the 19th century, a metamorphosis takes place with the work of the poet: melancholy and transience give way to sunny optimism. Nominally, it is generally accepted that the style in which Konstantin Dmitrievich wrote poetry belonged to the poetic current of symbolism.
- Speaking of Balmont, it is impossible not to mention that he is perhaps the only Russian lyric poet whose predominant creative method was impressionism, a colorful and passionate reproduction of quivering, sometimes fleeting impressions associated with the knowledge of the natural world and the world of one's own soul. His the best poems enchant with their musicality, sincerity and freshness of lyrical feeling, genuine sadness and almost feminine tenderness.
Thank you for your attention
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Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont
1867 - 1942
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Konstantin Balmont was born on June 3 (15), 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Shuisky district, Vladimir province, the third of seven sons. The poet's grandfather was a naval officer, his father, Dmitry Konstantinovich Balmont (1835-1907), served in the Shuya district court and zemstvo: first as a collegiate registrar, then as a justice of the peace, and finally as chairman of the district zemstvo council. Mother, Vera Nikolaevna, nee Lebedeva, came from a general's family, in which they loved literature and dealt with it professionally; she had a strong influence on the worldview of the future poet, introducing him to the world of music, literature, history, and was the first to teach him to comprehend the "beauty of the female soul." Vera Nikolaevna knew foreign languages well, read a lot and was not alien to some free-thinking: “unreliable” guests were received in the house. It was from his mother that Balmont, as he himself wrote, inherited "unbridledness and passion", his entire "mental system".
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The first ten years of his life were spent in the countryside. All his life, Balmont fondly remembered Gumnishchi and his native land. In 1907 he wrote: “I grew up in a garden, among flowers, trees and butterflies. In our places there are forests and swamps, there are beautiful rivers and lakes, reeds and marsh lilies grow in the barrels, sweet lungwort breathes, night violets conjure, drowsiness, cornflowers, forget-me-nots, buttercups, funny hare cabbage, touching plantain - and how much - and how much more! “My first steps, you were steps along garden paths among countless flowering herbs, bushes and trees,” Balmont later wrote, expressing himself in his usual artsy style, “My first steps, you were the first spring songs of birds, were surrounded by the first runs of warm wind along the white realm of blossoming apple and cherry trees, the first magical lightning of comprehending that the dawns are like the unknown Sea and the high Sun owns everything ... "
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I came into this world to see the Sun And the blue outlook.
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I came into this world to see the Sun And the heights of the mountains.
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I came to this world to see the Sea
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And the lush color of the valleys.
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I have concluded the worlds in a single glance, I am the lord.
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I conquered cold oblivion, Creating my dream.
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Every moment I am filled with revelation, I always sing.
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Who is equal to me in my melodious power? Nobody, nobody.
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Suffering awakened my dream, But I am loved for that.
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I came to this world to see the sun, and if the day went out,
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I will sing... I will sing about the Sun In the dying hour!
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Let's be like the sun! Let's forget about the one who leads us along the golden path,
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Let's just remember that forever to the other, To the new, to the strong, to the good, to the evil, We strive brightly in a dream of gold.
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Let us always pray unearthly In our earthly desire!
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We will, like the Sun is always young, Gently caress the fiery flowers,
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The air is clear and everything is golden.
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Are you happy? Be twice as happy, Be the embodiment of a sudden dream!
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We will be like the Sun, it is young. This is the precept of Beauty!
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Balmont was often ranked among the revolutionary-minded youth, although, most likely, he was just an enthusiastic rebel who took part in spontaneous student unrest. However, "careless statements" about the existing government served as a reason for excluding him from the gymnasium and Moscow University.
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Balmont tries several times to become a lawyer, but soon realizes that he wants to seriously engage in literature. At 23, he separated from his wife. Having a hard time breaking up, at times falling into severe depression, he tries to commit suicide by jumping out of the window. Relatives determine him for long-term treatment. The treatment was beneficial, and Balmont completely goes into creativity.
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Several collections of poems are being published, about which V. Korolenko sympathetically responded, but critics and readers did not accept them. But Balmont's success is brought by the brilliant translations of Ibsen, Byron, Shelley, Lope de Vega, Edgar Poe and other poets and prose writers. Since the mid 1890s. Balmont occupies one of the leading places in Russian symbolism, especially after the release of the collections Under the Northern Sky, In the Vastness and Silence. It becomes clearer and closer to readers. He is perceived as an innovator, a converter of poetic forms. Balmont in his work seems to go through two stages. Vague languor, fantasies, a departure from reality, and then a sudden transformation into an active, revolutionary personality. This was especially clearly expressed in his Lyrics of the Modern Soul and the collection Let's Be Like the Sun.
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However, in 1905, in the work of Balmont, according to Blok, a "turn" occurs. For 12 years, from 1905 to 1917, several collections of his poems were published: “The Liturgy of Beauty”, “Birds in the Air”, “Round Dance of Times”, “Glow of the Dawn”, “Ash. Vision of a Tree", "Sonnets of the Sun, Sky and Moon" (1917). But all his works are more than cool. Balmont subconsciously feels this and, in order to gain new impressions, decides to go on a trip. Back in 1896-1897. he visited almost all European countries. In 1905 - America. In 1906-1913. Balmont traveled to Egypt, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Polynesia, Ceylon, India, New Guinea, the Canary and Balearic Islands. In 1916 Balmont went to Japan. Visiting various countries, he studies local legends, myths and new languages. Konstantin Dmitrievich himself believed that he knew at least 15 languages. The creativity of the peoples of the world inspires him, and he enthusiastically creates essays and new poetry collections, which are based on ancient written sources. For example, Indian myths were included in the book “Snake Flowers”, memories of Egypt - in the book “The Land of Osiris”, images of fabulous Oceania were embodied in the collection of poems “White Architect. The Mystery of the Four Lamps. It should be noted that the translations were made by Balmont from the originals. Not particularly focusing on the accuracy of the translation, he sought to convey to the readers the "spirit of the original." The poet did not forget about his homeland: the Volga, the Urals, Siberia. Having visited Georgia for the first time in 1914, Balmont studied the Georgian language in order to translate Sh. Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin".
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Symbolist poet, translator, essayist, one of the most prominent representatives of Russian poetry of the Silver Age. Published 35 collections of poetry, 20 books of prose, translated from many languages. Author of autobiographical prose, memoirs, philological treatises, historical and literary studies and critical essays.
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Konstantin Balmont was born on June 3 (15), 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Shuisky district, Vladimir province, the third of seven sons. Father, Dmitry Konstantinovich Balmont (1835-1907), was the chairman of the Shuya district zemstvo council. Mother, Vera Nikolaevna, appeared in the local press, arranged literary evenings, amateur performances; she had a strong influence on the outlook of the future poet, introducing him to the world of music, literature, history. It was from his mother that Balmont, as he himself wrote, inherited "unbridledness and passion", his entire "mental system".
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In 1876, Balmont entered the preparatory class of the Shuya gymnasium. In 1886, Konstantin Balmont entered the law faculty of Moscow University, where he became close friends with P. F. Nikolaev, a sixties revolutionary. But already in 1887, for participating in riots (related to the introduction of a new university charter, which students considered reactionary), Balmont was expelled, arrested and imprisoned for three days in Butyrka prison, and then exiled to Shuya without trial. In 1889, Balmont returned to the university, but due to severe nervous exhaustion he could not study either there or at the Yaroslavl Demidov Lyceum of Legal Sciences, where he successfully entered. In September 1890, he was expelled from the lyceum and left attempts to get a "state education" on this.
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Balmont became the first representative of symbolism in poetry, who received all-Russian fame. It was noted, however, that his work as a whole was not purely symbolist; was not a poet and "decadent" in the full sense of the word. The first collections of Balmont, with all the abundance of decadent-symbolist signs in them, were attributed by literary critics to impressionism, a trend in art that aimed to convey fleeting, unsteady impressions. Basically, these were "purely romantic poems, as if opposing heaven and earth, calling to the distant, unearthly."
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Collections "In the vastness" (1895) and "Silence. Lyric Poems" (1898) were noted active search new space, new freedom. The main ideas for these books were the ideas of the transience of being and the variability of the world. The author paid increased attention to the technique of verse, demonstrating a clear passion for sound writing and musicality. The presence of new, "Nietzschean" motifs and heroes of criticism was already noted in the collection "Silence". It is believed that Silence is the best of Balmont's first three books.
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At the turn of the century, the general tone of Balmont's poetry changed dramatically: moods of despondency and hopelessness gave way to bright colors, imagery, filled with "frantic joy, the pressure of violent forces." Beginning in 1900, the "elegiac" hero of Balmont turned into his own opposite: an active personality. A special place in the Balmont hierarchy of images was occupied by Fire as a manifestation of cosmic forces. Balmont for some time became the leader of the "new poetry". The collections Burning Buildings (1900) and Let's Be Like the Sun (1902), as well as the book Only Love (1903), are considered the strongest in Balmont's literary legacy.
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Creativity 1905-1909
The pre-revolutionary period of Balmont's work ended with the release of the collection Liturgy of Beauty. Elemental Hymns" (1905), the main motives of which were the challenge and reproach of modernity, "the curse of people" who, according to the poet, have fallen "from the fundamental principles of Being." During these years, the national theme also appeared in the poet's work, revealing itself from a peculiar angle: Balmont revealed to the reader "epic" Russia, the legends and tales of which he sought to shift in his own, modern way. The poet's fascination with Slavic antiquity was reflected in the poetry collection "Evil Spells" (1906), the books "The Firebird. Pipe of a Slav" (1907) and "Green Heliport. Kissing words "(1909), as well as the collection" Calls of Antiquity ".
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Balmont's poetic creativity was spontaneous and subject to the dictates of the moment. In the miniature “How I Write Poems,” he admitted: “... I don’t think about poetry and, really, I never compose.”
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“Each soul has many faces, many people are hidden in each person, and many of these people, forming one person, must be mercilessly thrown into the fire. You have to be ruthless to yourself. Only then can anything be achieved.” K.D.Balmontslide 2
Balmont, Konstantin Dmitrievich, an outstanding poet. Born on June 3 (15) in 1867 in the noble family of the Vladimir province in the village of Gumnishchi. Ancestors - immigrants from Scandinavia; grandfather was a naval officer, father - chairman of the zemstvo council in Shuya. Mother - from the literary Lebedev family. The most vivid impressions of childhood are the nature of the Central Russian zone.
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"A light, slightly limping gait throws Balmont forward, into space. Or rather, as if from space, Balmont falls to the ground - to the salon, to the street. And the impulse breaks in him, and he, realizing that he got there in the wrong place ... and arrogantly (or rather, frightened) looks around, raises dry lips, framed by a beard red as fire ... And that's why his whole appearance doubles. Arrogance and impotence, greatness and lethargy, boldness, fear - all this him, and what a subtle whimsical gamut runs on his emaciated face, pale, with widely flaring nostrils! ... the vengeful genius of a thunderstorm, the demon of burning passion ... the red-bearded Thor himself, but Thor, wistfully wandering along the Arbat on an October day, when the jets Days and nights of rain are stretched over the city. It stops... and suddenly arrogantly stamps its foot on the wet asphalt: "I came into this world to see the sun!"
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Shuya gymnasium Vladimir gymnasium Moscow University B. studied at the Shuya gymnasium, from where he was expelled for belonging to an illegal circle, and finished the course at the Vladimir gymnasium. In 1886 he entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but already in 1887 he was expelled for participating in student riots. Accepted again in 1888, he soon left the university due to a severe nervous breakdown, which ended a year later with the fact that he threw himself out of a window on the 3rd floor. The resulting fractures led to "a year of lying in bed", but at the same time, in his own words, "an unprecedented flowering of mental excitement and cheerfulness." After spending several months at the Demidov Lyceum in Yaroslavl, B. "no longer returned to state education"
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Oxford England France Spain Balmont traveled a lot, lived for a long time in Italy, Spain, England, France; at the end of 1904 he made a trip to Mexico. Several revolutionary poems published in the Red Banner and other publications serve as an obstacle to his return to Russia. He acted as a lecturer and, among other things, gave public lectures on Russian and Western European literature at Oxford and in Russian high school in Paris. "Balmont traveled the whole world. It seems that world poetry did not know the poet who spent so much time on the deck of a steamer or at the window of a carriage," I. Ehrenburg noted
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The boy's mother, the daughter of a general, led social life: arranged literary evenings and amateur performances, wrote notes in local newspapers. It was she who taught her son to understand beauty, introduced him to the world of music, poetry and history, brought him up on the works of Russian classics: Nekrasov, Pushkin, Koltsov, Lermontov. She (mother) was the first to teach me to comprehend the beauty of the female soul, and this beauty, I believe, is saturated with all my literary work. K.D. Balmont
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At one of the performances, Balmont met Larisa. At that time he was in his twenty-second year, Larisa was in her twenty-fifth year, she was in her prime female beauty. Larisa made a great impression on Balmont. On October 31, he sends her the first letter. In a letter dated December 25, he invites Larisa to come to Shuya; in the postscript, this invitation was confirmed by his mother. A meeting took place, and already the letter of December 31 reads: “My life, my joy, happy new year, new happiness. Yours forever K." And on January 3, 1889, Balmont confesses: "love has taken possession of my whole being." Meetings continued and, finally, on February 10, the wedding took place in the Intercession Cathedral of Ivanovo-Voznesensk. At the end of 1891, their son was born, they named him Nikolai in honor of the elder brother Balmont, who died early. Marriage with Larisa Mikhailovna still remains a white spot. The history of their relationship boils down to a statement: the marriage was unsuccessful and broke up. After that, he secretly married E.A. Andreeva.
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Balmont wrote his first poems at the age of 10, but was criticized by his mother. His early works, greeted with understanding by V.G. Korolenko, the poet published in 1885 in the journal "Picturesque Review". In 1890, some of them were included in the first book of the poet "Collection of Poems". This work was not successful, it did not arouse interest among critics and readers. Balmont destroyed the entire circulation and left for Scandinavia, where he successfully began translating foreign poetry into Russian. “The first collection of my poems,” he says, which I myself published in Yaroslavl, of course, did not have any success. My first translated work was burned by censorship. Close people, with their negative attitude, significantly increased the severity of the first failures.
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In 1894, a poetry collection "Under the Northern Sky" (which is considered the first book of the poet) was published, containing typical for the generation of the 90s. complaints about a dull, joyless life, romantic experiences. However, critics noted the poet's talent, the musicality of his works, and the elegance of form. The acquaintance of K. D. Balmont with V. Ya. Bryusov belongs to the same year, which later grew into friendship. “My work began ... with sadness, depression and twilight, began under the northern sky.
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Without a smile, without dreams On the diamond cover of snow, Under the cold glow of the moon, It's good for you and me! Without a smile, without words, Inhabitants of a ghostly bright country, We plunged into a sea of mysterious dreams, In the realm of the pale moon. How gratifying in the deep midnight hour For a moment to forget all the sorrows of a child, And, forgetting that love is impossible for us, How gratifying to dream and love, Without a smile, without words, Amid the silence of the night, In the realm of eternal snows, In the realm of the pale moon .
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"... I showed what a poet who loves music can do with Russian verse. They have rhythms and chimes of euphonies, found for the first time" The second collection "In the boundlessness" (1895) and the third "Silence" (1898) were searches for a new space , new freedom, attempts to assert individuality. The idea of transience, the desire to capture the passing moments, the variability of moods, increased attention to the technique of verse (passion for sound writing, musicality) - that's distinctive features early books of K. Balmont.
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Pale, tenderly bashful, Silent flowers blossomed in the swamp wilderness, White lilies, And reeds rustle around them. Silvery white lily flowers Grow from the deep bottom, Where golden rays do not shine, Where the water is cold and dark. And criminal passions do not beckon them, Their unrest does not call to itself; Inaccessible to immodest eyes, They only live for themselves. Imbued with a firm determination To live a dream and reach heights, Silent flowers bloom with proud splendor White lilies. The impassive ones will blossom and fade, Far from human possessions, And they will bloom again, beautiful ones, - And no one will know about them.
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"God, how I missed Russia. Still, there is nothing better than the places where I grew up, thought, suffered, lived. All this year abroad, I feel myself on the stage, among the scenery. And there - in the distance - my sad dear beauty, for which I won’t take ten Italy” (from a letter to his mother from Rome) In 1896, Balmont married E. A. Andreeva, with whom he translated Hauptmann and Nansen. Soon they left for Europe, visiting France, Spain, Holland, England, Italy. Impressions from his travels 1886-1887. reflected in the book "Silence" ("Dead Ships", "Chords", "Before the painting by El Greco", "In Oxford", "In the vicinity of Madrid", "To Shelley", etc.). Despite the richness and sharpness of new impressions, Balmont experienced a nagging homesickness.
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The next three books, "Burning Buildings" (1900), "Let's Be Like the Sun" (1903), "Only Love" (1905) elevate K. Balmont to the top of Russian Parnassus, make him a famous, fashionable poet. The author saw the tasks of new poetry primarily in the search for "new combinations of thoughts, colors and sounds." This is about the technique of verse. (Here the poet goes in the direction of expanding the musical possibilities of the phrase, establishing new juicy and "striking" images, creating bright and varied scenery.) As for "new thoughts", the poet is captured by the idea of creating "lyrics of the modern soul", a soul in there are "many faces" "This book is a continuous cry of the soul torn and, if you like, miserable, ugly. But I will not refuse a single page of it, and - for now - I love ugliness no less than harmony."
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From my childhood days, one feature captivated My dreams, in whose ripples the dream melted, It cast a sad reflection into my eyes, Entered my mind like a distant quiet ringing.
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I dreamed of a sad angel, snow-white, With a smile of regret in his eyes, I breathed with him one obscure sadness, I saw a pale Paradise in his tears. He appeared to me at different moments, And I keep the light of these fleeting meetings. There are glimpses that are not oblivious, There is a look without words, his speech does not stop.
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I loved - I still love - unearthly, The mind of the heart is a ray to the cold mind, I believe in the Sky, blue, dear, Where I clearly understand everything obscure. With the heavenly soul I do not part, And having met someone's deep gaze, I am with him, I meet with the White Angel, Mysterious and close for a long time.
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The book "Let's be like the sun" was an attempt to create a cosmogonic picture of the world, in the center of which is the Sun, the eternal source of all life. The entire collection is imbued with pantheistic motives for worshiping elemental forces - the Moon, stars, wind, fire, water ("Hymn to Fire", "Invocation to the Ocean", "Wind", "Covenant of Being", etc.). Along with cosmogonic motifs, the collection reflects the poet's favorite theory of a moment, a magical moment:
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Thought does not have a tool to measure the depth, No strength to slow down the running spring. There is only one opportunity to say in a moment: "Stop!" Having broken the fetters of thought, to be shackled is a dream.
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The same themes are central in the collection "Only Love". The poet continues to sing a hymn to the sun, light, "the giver of life, the bright creator", leading the world, languishing in darkness, "to the beautiful wholeness of individual beauty." The fire in the blood, the burning of love, the ecstasy of feelings are sung in poems. In 1904-1905. The publishing house "Scorpio" published a collection of poems by the poet in two volumes. This period ends with the collection "The Liturgy of Beauty. Elemental Hymns" (M., 1905), in which the poet reproaches people who "have fallen out of love with the Sun", who have broken their usual ties, seeing the golden brilliance only in the rays of "despicable metal"
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We know gold only in money, with cooled pale silver, We do not understand the thoughts of lightning, we do not know what thunder sings to us. For us, the brilliant sun is not a god that brings life and a sword, but simply a central yellow ball, a spherical furnace of planets.
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At the end of 1905, the publishing house "Grif" published the book "Fairy Tales", dedicated to Ninika - Nina Konstantinovna Balmont-Bruni, the daughter of Balmont and E. A. Andreeva, and which caused an enthusiastic response from Bryusov.
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"... at times it seems to me that I no longer live, that only my strings still sound" On December 31, 1905, the poet illegally left his homeland for more than 7 years. He considered his long stay abroad as a political emigration. Living in Paris, he makes long trips to Europe. Nostalgia contributed to the poet's appeal to national themes, stimulated a passion for Russian and Slavic antiquity. K. Balmont plunges into the elements of Ancient Russia, transposing epics and folk tales into a "decadent" way. Folklore stories, poetry of conspiracies, incantations and religious sectarianism were reflected in the books "Evil Spells" (1906), "The Firebird. Slav's Pipe" (1907) and "Green Windwind. Kissing Words" (1909). These collections clearly indicate a clear decline in the work of Balmont. A. Blok already in 1905 wrote about the "excessive spice" of the poet's poems, "about the turning point" that occurred in his work.
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In 1913, after the announcement of a political amnesty, the poet returned to Moscow, where a solemn meeting and a crowded banquet awaited him. After returning to his homeland, K. Balmont travels a lot around the country with lectures, visits Georgia, learns the Georgian language, and is actively engaged in translation activities. In 1915, K. Balmont's book "Poetry as Magic" was published - a treatise on the essence and purpose of lyric poetry. The poet attributes to the word "spell-magic power" and even "physical power". In March 1920, the poet's anniversary was celebrated - the release of his first ("Yaroslavl") collection of poems, and in June, together with his wife (E.K. Tsvetkovskaya) and daughter Mirra, he left Russia forever. There are few "Balmontisms" in the later work of the poet, his style became drier, his colors became more transparent, and the music of the verse became sadder and quieter: And the bird-flute sang caress in my heart. I have seen many countries. I know many places. But let the rich world around be captivating. I love starry Russia, a snowy fairy tale And the forest, where the face of birches is the wedding face of brides. slide 27
"On Balmont, in his every gesture, step, word - a stigma - a seal - a star - a poet" M. Tsvetaeva In 1932, Balmont had the first signs of mental illness. Until 1936, he lived in the "Russian House" shelter, arranged for needy emigrants by his mother Maria in the town of Noisile-Grand. The disease progressed rapidly, the poet was treated for a long time in the clinic, and creatively 1937-1942. were practically infertile. In 1942, Konstantin Dmitrievich died. Before his death, he confessed: "... This, it would seem, pagan worship of life, its successes and brilliance, the man, confessing before his death, made a deep impression on the priest with the sincerity and power of repentance - he considered himself an incorrigible sinner who cannot be forgiven" (B. Zaitsev). Several people came to see the poet on his last journey, on his monument the words were knocked out in French: Konstantin Balmont is a Russian poet. The creator of the project is a student of the 11th grade Lukashova Angelina
