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How to draw a fish on a cutting board with gouache. Painting on a cutting board. Khokhloma. Getting Started

Wooden decorative utensils appeared later than earthenware. Cups, bowls, scoops with outlandish bends of handles imitating the necks of birds, painted spoons, tuyeski for storing berries, chests, boxes and other wooden household items in the Russian hut had ornaments, drawings or carvings. For every county, province there is specific traits drawings that distinguish them from many others. Wood painting can be schematically divided into two main categories - floral ornaments and popular prints (landscapes and subjects of folk life).

Wood painting can be schematically divided into two main categories - floral ornaments and popular prints

Without further ado, the masters gave the name to the painting by the name of the city, near which this style was born.... The main colors of painting in Russian villages were black, red, yellow. They are characteristic of ornamental techniques that appeared earlier than those in which more primary colors and their shades are used.

Features of the Mezen painting

The Mezen painting is characterized by images of deer and horses.... They are drawn carefully, and the image of a person is applied purely schematically. Each sign of the pattern has its own interpretation in this painting. In order to correctly draw up a drawing of a product, you need to know what this or that image means. Not all of them can be organically combined in one drawing.

The Mezen painting is characterized by images of deer and horses.

The movement of the sun across the sky is represented by red horses.
Heavenly women in labor, giving life to everything on earth, were depicted in the form of deer.
Swans, ducks, geese symbolize the souls of deceased relatives who protect and warn family members from filth, help in difficult times.
Fir-trees are a symbol of masculine strength.
The tree of life was depicted with roots, spirals going into the underworld. By counting the rhombs on the trunk, you can judge how many genera unites the family. The top of the family tree is crowned with the sign of heavenly peace.

This painting originated before the baptism of Rus, which can be clearly traced in pagan symbolism. Spinning wheels and sketches with the Mezen multi-layer painting can be seen in local history museums.

Gallery: painting on wood (25 photos)

Severodvinsk painting: its features

Severodvinsk painting can be called international. Over time, its northern roots were mixed with motives introduced by Old Believers, Poles, merchants and peasants looking for a better life from other regions who migrated to the north.

Severodvinsk painting can be called international

It is possible to recognize the Severodvinsk painting, despite the use of red, yellow and black colors in the drawing, according to the following characteristic features:

The tree of life, reminiscent of an outlandish flower, where two doves are sitting on the crown hemisphere. A gift made of wood with such a motive was presented to the newlyweds on their wedding day. This tree had one leaf more than the parents of the newly-made spouse.
The drawings may contain mythical creatures - the Sirin bird, mermaids, griffins.
Of the animals, the Severodvinsky depicted a lion and a bear.
The drawing is divided into three parts. In accordance with the ideas about the structure of the world, he was divided into images of the underworld, earth, and celestial spheres.

In many respects, the Severodvinsk painting is similar to the Permogorsk, Rakul, Boretsk.

Painting without religious overtones

Matryoshka dolls, wooden dishes are often decorated in the style of Polkhovo-Maidan painting. It consists in applying an uncomplicated floral ornament to the wood. In this painting, there are no specific rules in the combination of colors. The only thing that is required is to get a bright, joyful toy.

Suitable for decorating wooden volumetric blanks and flat surfaces.

Petrich painting consists of leaves, petals, berries. This type of folk craft pleases with the brightness of colors.

The elements of the Polkhov painting are similar in application technique to the Khokhloma painting. There are no strict rules in the selection of colors and design elements in this art craft.

Khokhloma painting obeys the generally accepted rules of Russians folk crafts- yellow, black, red colors are used. One of them is the background for the drawing, applied with the other two colors in stages.

Khokhloma painting is a classic. It uses only three colors, one of which is the background of the picture. It can be any of the ones used in Russian traditional painting colors. They are all contrasting to each other, which allows you to paint and create a 3D effect with the least effort. There are no halftones in this painting, only bright saturated colors.

Using the same smear technique, with varying degrees of pressing the brush to the surface to be painted, you can recreate the Gzhel painting. This type of painting differs from Khokhloma and Petrikovskaya in that the blue pattern is applied to a white surface. Perhaps for a beginner, the choice of one of these three paintings to start his career is the easiest.

How to make a spot painting of a box (video)

Paints for classic wood painting

Classic painted boards, boxes, household items, with proper selection and processing, do not change color under the influence of sunlight or water. Since ancient times, masters have used tempera paint in their work. The most ancient recipe for drawing up paint is also used by modern professional wood painting craftsmen. The peculiarity of the composition is that the dye is ground on the egg yolk. This component is the foundation.

Since ancient times, masters have used tempera paint in their work.

For some time in production, they tried to replace tempera with easier-to-use and cheaper oil paints. This experience was abandoned very quickly due to characteristics such as discoloration on exposure to the sun. The radical black color, which should be a charcoal shade, changed under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Acquired a green and sometimes yellow tone. On the contrary, light colors darken. The second disadvantage of oil dyes is their ability to crack, flake off. V folk craft tempera returned again.

Tempera paint types

Characteristics of quality tempera:

When working, it dissolves easily in water;
It is homogeneous;
Gives 100% coverage (the drawing is not transparent);
After drying, it is not possible to wash it off with water;
The hardened layer does not crack, unlike oil and watercolors;
When stored in a closed container, mold will not appear on it, it will not thicken and will not delaminate.

The composition of tempera is very simple, there are only two ingredients - an emulsion (base) and a colorant. The paint making process is quite time consuming. Tempera is made by hand, the base is laid out on a granite or marble surface, where it is combined with the pigment. A dry color scheme is rubbed into the glue or egg base with a chime - a crystal pestle. The process continues until the dye becomes uniform in color and texture.

Attention! Instead of a crystal chime, you can use a similar object made of hardwood, stone. Interaction with metals is contraindicated in paint ingredients.

Ready-made tempera paints

The name of the modern tempera is consonant with the base on which it is made:

Egg - in the base, made in an industrial environment, an artificial emulsion is used. It consists of an egg vegetable oil, varnish based on oil or turpentine.
Casein paint is made on the basis of a complex protein extracted primarily from animal milk. The casein emulsion contains oil and resins. The quality of this tempera is higher than that of egg tempera.
Gum arabic is named after one type of adhesive base used in the manufacture of color-saturated paint. This ingredient can be substituted for glue made from the resin of other fruit trees. In our latitudes, cherry glue is more often used.

Reference: Dextrin, a polysaccharide made from potato starch, is an intermediate stage between starch and glucose. Gum arabic means gum arabic - it is acacia resin hardened in the air. Extracted from plants of southern latitudes.

The name of modern tempera is consonant with the base on which it is made

Artificial paint emulsions for aspiring artists are divided into three main categories of PVA, oil wax, acrylic.

What acrylic paints are best for painting on wood

It is better to apply acrylic paint on damp wood using the “Impasto” technique, if you need to paint a large element of the picture. But with undiluted acrylic it is difficult to make curls and elongated leaves in one touch, as required by folk art. The effect of lightness and airiness of the floral motif depends on the degree of adherence of the brush on different parts of the painted surface.

The matt emulsion serves as the base of the paint, the color is given to it by pigments. To paint drawings in a folk style, you will need high-density acrylic. When dry, it should not become transparent. It follows from this that specialized paint is not suitable for drawing a picture on glass. As well as paint for puff pastry and painting on a cloth base. The only correct choice is to purchase paint for painting on wood.

How long does painting dry

The longest drying time for the paint, which is used in the work to create the main background. This is due to the fact that it must create a perfectly even tone, that is, it is applied with a thicker layer than the drawing itself. To dry acrylic base applied to a surface moistened with water, it will take no more than an hour. Approximately the same time passes when applying tempera.

Small elements applied in a thin layer will dry almost instantly, more solid strokes within 15-20 minutes. But this does not apply to paint that had to be diluted with water. The peculiarity of acrylic is that water makes the paint dry much faster.

It is necessary to work very quickly with acrylic in contact with water. The more water is used to thin the paint, the faster it dries.

How to color a wooden block for a cutting board: a master class for beginners

Preparing the board consists in soaking it with potato starch. It will hide all small imperfections in the board and give a thin undercoat. This process can be simplified by covering the board with linseed oil. When choosing northern motifs as an ornament, in which tone is not used, you can use a light-colored stain as a primer.

You can paint a wooden blank with gouache. This technique is also available for children.

Taking a sheet of paper for drawing, highlighting on it an area corresponding in size to the one that needs to be covered with a pattern on the wood, you need to mark the areas of the largest decor elements. Outlining their location, as shown in the figure.
At the second stage, the image is detailed - drawing the contours.
Using transfer paper, the image is transferred to a prepared, fat-free board soaked in potato starch.
So that different colors do not mix, you can take a burner, make small indentations along the contours. This contour will prevent the paint from mixing. When working with decorative acrylic paints, you can replace the burning process by applying the contour and thin elements directly through the thin tube dispenser.
After the contour that rises above the surface has dried, it must be filled with color.
The final stage of the work will be varnishing the painted board. It is applied in 2-3 steps. Each subsequent layer lays on top of the thoroughly dried previous one.

Attention! The second coat of varnish will dry twice as long as the first, as it will dissolve the previously applied coating. The result is a monolithic, very durable varnish layer.

Simple patterns for beginners

Painting on wood does not tolerate small details and winding lines. The irregularities of the edges of the elements are reproduced by strokes with a semi-dry brush on a moistened surface.

The simplest, but rather spectacular, are the drawings of rowan bunches, flowers with uncomplicated leaf shapes.

Painting on wood does not tolerate small details and winding lines

The simplest petals for drawing will acquire volume when they are darkened at the middle. To do this, it is enough to make a few strokes-rays. Berries are generally easy to draw. The three-dimensionality of rowan bunches is given by the black points of the ovary, which are arbitrarily located on the image of the berries. This technique makes the drawing "convex" when creating the center of the flower.

Small flowers are just as easy to draw, they are schematically composed of approximately equal points. Small elements are located on top of large ones, this gives the picture volume. The symmetry of their arrangement is not important. More attention needs to be paid to the distance between parallel long leaves.

Khokhloma painting is quite popular. Such a painting does not require too much skill in drawing, the main thing is to put a little effort, perseverance and attention.

As an example of a mural element, you can draw this:

Twisting lines, berries, flowers and birds are welcomed in Khokhloma.

First, draw the base - a winding line. And then you start drawing the berries, and then the leaves.

Everywhere you need to start with the main winding lines, and then paint.

I propose to paint a cutting board in the style of "Khokhloma".

For work you will need

wooden cutting board,
brushes and acrylic paints,
glass of water,
colorless varnish.

First of all, let's mix the paints for a golden color. For this we take the yellow and metallic colors.

We begin to draw the stem.

draw a berry at the top

then two more berries

just below, we also draw a twig with berries

on the left we draw a twig with leaves on it

now a twig with three leaves, and in the middle a curl

start drawing the background

continue painting the background

paint over the background completely

cover the side of the board with golden paint

now we cover the board with transparent varnish. Everything is ready!

Even a child can draw Khokhloma painting. The basis of such a painting is plant elements and sometimes birds with fish. These are mainly twigs, berries and leaves, all work is done in four colors: black, red, gold and green.

Even a child can handle curls, circles and dashes:

First, we draw a drawing with a pencil, you can sketch from the Internet, and then we begin to paint, starting with the largest elements:

After we have painted everything Large with the color we need, paint over the background with black. After the background has dried, add additional touches to our twig, paint over the blackness of the background.

If painting is done on a wooden surface, after drying, it can be covered with several coats of alkyd varnish with intermediate drying.

Here are a few elements and step-by-step master classes for drawing Khokhloma painting:

Video master class on creating a Khokhloma painting with your own hands:

If you study with your child, then you need to start with gouache (4 colors - yellow, black, red and green) and drawings on paper, studying the required patterns, and then, having studied the main techniques for drawing flowers, berries and blades of grass, you can take up wooden planks, wooden boxes and papier-mâché paper boxes for decoration with acrylic and oil paints. Be sure to cover at least 2 layers of varnish on top (but not nitro - it spoils the oil paint).

The drawing is located on a black or yellow-gold background, the marking of large elements is done first, then medium and only then small ones. At the end, small curls, strokes and dots are added. With each color, at first, everything is painted in turn, it is allowed to dry well and only then the next color is taken.

It is better to start the study with the main elements:

Kholm painting was very popular in the time of Russia, but now it has gone out of fashion, and the trend for Kholm painting has remained.

Kholmskaya painting is ideal for coloring a variety of dishes, kitchen utensils and just for painting walls.

Even a child can learn to draw with this style, there is nothing difficult here, because in this technique they mainly use vegetation, sometimes animals.

Here are some examples you can draw yourself:

Also, it will be very useful to watch a special video clip:

Khokhloma painting is very exciting. Previously, they taught this in ordinary Soviet kindergartens, because I remember some of the lessons. Now it is no longer fashionable and children are taught completely differently. If you do everything according to the old custom, then this is a complex technique. But for the children, they made it simplified and understandable.

So, we need to work:

Gouache paints - yellow, green, black and red
Squirrel tassels 2 and 3
Can of water
A soft cloth to remove excess paint
Small white plate without patterns, for a palette

To begin with, we start from simple elements, which in the Khokhloma painting are called grass. It is performed in separate rhythmic strokes. The brush must be held perpendicularly with three fingers.

Here are the main and basic elements of grass.

Now for a practical lesson. Looking at the bowl, which is decorated by the master, children are given the opportunity to come up with an ornament themselves and paint with a pattern grass wooden spoon.

And this is already a herbal ornament using kriule.

Criule serves to emphasize the rounded shape of the product.

More important patterns leaves.

Combining all these patterns, you can paint pottery very original together with your child.

Draw patterns of Khokhloma painting in the form of curls with berries, leaves, flowers. Draw a wavy line from which curls are drawn on both sides. On each curl, draw two leaves and a berry at the end of the curl. You can draw a pattern of Khokhloma painting in the form of several curls, one black curl and from it of the same shape from two to four colored curls, for example, two green, two yellow. Below are several patterns of Khokhloma painting. For a sample for training, you can take the grass pattern, practice on a separate sheet of paper, and then draw on a blank sheet. You can draw a pattern on the image of a jug or plate.

It sounds ridiculous, but drawing in the Khokhloma style is done using exactly the same technique as the painting of dishes, which was done in ancient times in Nizhny Novgorod and the surrounding villages. Each element of the picture is done with one paint, after which the picture must dry. As soon as you are sure that the colors will not mix, you can take another paint and direct it with the necessary elements:

Pencil is even easier - no need to wait for the paint to dry:

You can perform a drawing in a graphic style, simply repeating the Khokhloma style. If you want to follow all the rules, then you should take colored pencils.

Khokhloma painting is a beautiful painting on dishes, which was used in the 17th century. The name is given by the area where the painting comes from, from Khokhloma, from the Nizhny Novgorod region. Khokhloma painting appeared thanks to the craft of masters from that area.

Before painting the product, you first need to grind spoons, mugs, boards and other utensils on wooden machine, make a flat surface, then coat it evenly with linseed oil in several layers, make a layer of aluminum powder. After that, you can apply painting.

Khokhloma painting is an ornament with the appearance of plants, twigs, berries, flowers, symbols, curls. Often red, yellow, black, as well as green and others are used in such a painting.

The finished item is covered on top for strength.

Oil paints are used.

There are different techniques of Khokhloma painting. Pattern gingerbread - This is a large pattern in the center, from which smaller patterns branch off.

There is also a pattern under the background - kudrina which is executed in yellow and red paint on a black background.

To complete a drawing, it is necessary to use creativity, invention to create ornaments. To complete the pattern yourself, there are baselines, symbols from which you can start learning to draw. Simple elements are available even for a child, it is also useful for children to learn painting, this develops skills.

I suggest making a board painting at home. Take a board, as well as gouache paints, PVA glue, brushes.

You can make a drawing for painting yourself or take templates on the Internet. Then you need to copy from paper to board.

First of all, we will treat the dock with egg white as a primer. After processing, let it dry.

Following the egg white, cover the entire product with gold paint.

We paint the berries with bright paint.

We draw the veinous part of the leaves.

Paint the entire background around the outlines with black. Then let the paint dry completely.

If you love doing needlework and want to master a new technique of artistic skill, read our article on how to learn how to draw Khokhloma. Try it The easiest option is a cutting board. It is not difficult to make it, since the entire drawing is performed on one flat surface. Step-by-step drawing tips will allow you to make a beautiful hand-made gift.

Types of folk crafts and painting

Russian lands are rich and varied both in their landscapes and customs and traditions. Many places even have their own dialect. All this has shaped the culture of every corner of our country. For a long time, different traditions of folk crafts have developed. The most famous are the following:

Dymkovskaya, Filimonovskaya, Bogorodskaya toys;
Gzhel ceramics;
Vologda and Vyatka lace;
Tula samovars;
Rostov enamel;
Msterskaya, Fedoskinskaya,;
Zhostovo trays;
Gorodets, Khokhloma painting.

Each of them is very distinctive and unique, but they all reflect the culture and spirituality of the Russian people.

What to choose

If you are engaged in needlework and decide to do something based on folk motives, the Khokhloma painting is best suited. Step-by-step drawing will greatly facilitate the process of creating a souvenir. The choice of this particular technique is due to the fact that in this case it is easy to find a wooden base for decoration, no complicated equipment is required, all materials are available and inexpensive.

What items are decorated with Khokhloma painting

Traditionally, any household items that were made of wood were performed in this style:

In the modern version, when interest in Russian folk motives is high enough, Khokhloma painting sometimes appears on very exotic surfaces:

fabric (for bed linen, for example);
nails;
key rings;
lighters;
screen and panels of a smartphone or laptop;
body (tattoo and body art);
cars (airbrushing);
packages (paper and plastic).

Thus, almost any object can now be decorated with Khokhloma painting.

Samples on paper

If you are new to this business and are just starting to master the basics of drawing Khokhloma painting, it is better to practice on a regular Whatman paper. As exercises for setting the hand, choose the execution of simple elements: berries, leaves.

They are all based on specific brush movements. Even if you continue to work along the finished pencil outline, the circles and curls should be even. It is better to do them in one go.

If you want to know a crested child, it is best to master this technique with him, too, on paper. Children of the same type of exercise in the form of leaves and berries quickly get bored, so suggest depicting a round tray, plate, spoon or vase. Make the shape of the object yourself, and give the baby the opportunity to decorate the object.

Learning to draw khokhloma

Test assignments on paper will take a different amount of time for everyone. It depends on your skill level. If you have the initial skills, you can quickly learn how to make circles, berries and curls. When you master the drawing of elements of the Khokhloma painting, you can begin to design specific items. First, choose things that are simple in shape, preferably with a flat surface. These are the following objects:

The latter option is suitable for those who do not feel confident in their abilities. will take a long time. Non-standard application surfaces, such as silk, plastic, body for temporary tattoos, require special paints. A cutting board is a great gift option, beautiful and functional. It is quite simple to make it.

Painting a cutting board in stages

So that your first pancake does not come out lumpy, you need to think over everything in advance. Consider the preparatory activities.

Purchase of materials

Choose a suitable base. The shape can be round, rectangular, square, intricate carved. It is best if the board has a hole to hang it from a nail or hook. Try not to use plywood or raw wood. The surface for drawing the pattern should be flat, without depressions, notches and burrs. The easiest way is to buy a high-quality base in a handicraft store. If this is not possible, but there is a board ready to size, sand the surface properly. If this is not done, after applying the paint, all the irregularities will remain. They can interfere with the perception of the drawing and will interfere with drawing.

Pattern selection

Find the right motif for the ornament. It doesn't matter whether your Khokhloma painting is simple or complex. Drawing each element step by step will help depict any object from a combination of twigs, leaves and berries to an exclusive bird of paradise. You just need to do everything in parts from simple to complex. Given the availability of computer technology, everyone can find the necessary image on the Internet, print it, for example, on film, and translate the contours onto a wooden base. It is more difficult to sketch out lines on a rounded surface. However, in this case, you can simplify your task by making several stencils of repeating elements.

What color to take

You will need paints that are suitable for the wood surface. The simplest and cheapest option is gouache. However, it does not form a water-resistant surface after drying. It is necessary to add PVA glue to it, about a quarter of the pigment volume, but not every color will respond well to such a combination. Better not to risk it, but just cover ready product transparent varnish for wood. This will protect the drawing from moisture and other adverse factors. Another option is to use acrylic paints. They are water resistant and suitable for wood. Moreover, after drying such a layer, even gouache can be applied on top. This means that the black background can be done with acrylic, and the pattern itself can be done with gouache.

Purchase some fine-tipped brushes. Squirrels, columns and synthetics of numbers from the first and above are suitable. The quantity and size depends on your drawing. You will need a thin brush in any case, and you can determine the maximum size visually depending on the planned drawing.

Getting Started

1. First cover the surface of the selected pattern - with black or gold acrylic, for example. If the drawing occupies almost the entire surface, and there is almost no background, you can paint in one layer, without first applying the background. Alternatively, you can pre-prime the tree with egg white.

2. After the background is dry, stencil or freehand, draw the lines of the ornament. If you are confident in your abilities and there is a paper sample in front of you, you can not draw the contours, but do everything at once with a brush.

3. The next step is to complete the pattern. It is appropriate here to propose several schemes of work. The first option is drawing an ornament in compositional parts, for example, from the main element to the secondary ones. Another way is to paint by color: first all the red objects, then the golden ones, then the green ones. You can also choose the sequence of using brushes of different thicknesses, that is, first make large details, then medium ones, and finally, draw small decor with a thin one.

4. After drying, cover with clear varnish if necessary. A wonderful souvenir is ready.

You have learned in more detail what the Khokhloma painting is. Drawing on the surface of any object step by step will help turn it into a real masterpiece. Study, exercise, please yourself, relatives and friends with wonderful handmade gifts.

Natalia Bondareva

To familiarize children preschool age With Khokhloma painting I made some cutting boards. And I offer you mine painting master class cutting board .

Master-the class is designed for teachers of preschool and school education, children of senior preschool age, parents.

KHOKHLOMSKAYA PAINTING -

IN THE GREEN HERBS.

GROVES-FOREST.

SILK SPLASH

SUNNY HONEY

Khokhloma painting- one of the most popular types of Russian folk wood painting that have arisen long ago and have survived to this day. This and wooden spoons, and cups, and pots, and children's furniture and much more. "Flaming Khokhloma» know everywhere! The main elements Khokhloma are red juicy berries of currants, wild strawberries, mountain ash, flowers, golden leaves, twigs, etc. Often there are birds, fish and animals.

To work for us will need:

- wooden board

- acrylic paints: black, gold, red, green

Gloss acrylic varnish

Pencil

Brushes of different numbers

1) Prepare board for work... To do this, we will process the surface of our boards sandpaper until smooth.

2) Then the workpiece wooden board cover with gold acrylic paint.

3) Apply on a dried gold surface with a simple pencil khokhloma pattern: leaves, berries, flowers.

4) Gently outline the outline of the drawing with black acrylic paint with a brush # 1.

5) We paint over the bezel of our boards in red.

6) We paint over the strawberries in red,

and currant berries - burgundy.

7) Gently fill the background with black acrylic paint without painting over the frame. We make a black leaf on the leaves.

8) With green paint we draw the stalks of the berries and curls at the stems, with yellow paint we draw small flowers.

9) We take varnish and use a brush or sponge to apply it on the board, let it dry, then apply another layer of varnish.

10) And now, our the board is ready!

Related publications:

Abstract of the open lesson "Acquaintance with the Russian folk wooden toy-whistle, painting the bird of the whistle" Purpose: To acquaint with Russian folk toy- a whistle. To teach children on the silhouette of a bird to build an elegant pattern using alternation.

To familiarize older preschoolers with the Gorodets painting, I painted a wooden plank on my own (I helped me in cutting the plank.

Mezensoky painting is called, In each drawing is good. It will respond in your heart, It will be a gentle fairy tale. (Svetlana Ledkova) For this painting.

In October 2015, I had an open lesson with the families of pupils on the topic "A spoon in the tradition of a Russian family." Wooden spoons came.

Hello colleagues, I invite you to visit open class by the type of Khokhloma painting "Lipetsk patterns". Where you can see the work.

Tasks. 1. Continue acquaintance with the Gorodets pattern, its color, peculiarities. 2. Exercise in drawing Gorodets flowers, develop.

Recently, there has been a tendency in society to turn to national traditions - this is manifested in the return of the popularity of folk literature, rituals, and clothing. For example, many designers have Khokhloma painting in their collections, which attracts with its bright, almost fabulous pattern.

Khokhloma painting - history of creativity

Khokhloma painting - special kind drawing, which appeared around the seventeenth century in the region of Nizhny Novgorod. This work received its name thanks to the town of Khokhloma, a large center at that time, in which traders from all over the area converged.

There are two versions of the emergence of this type of painting: the first ascribes the idea of creation to Old Believers - adherents of the so-called "old" Christian faith before the adoption of various religious reforms at the beginning of the 17th century.

Many of them, fleeing persecution for their beliefs, moved to the Nizhny Novgorod lands, bringing with them the skill of icon painting, book miniatures, a huge baggage of symbols and patterns for painting. At the same time, craftsmen lived here, creating magnificent kitchen utensils from wood.

Together, both human skills gave rise to the most beautiful tableware painting.

Supporters of the second version argue that Nizhny Novgorod residents used the method of making kitchen utensils golden and their subsequent painting even before the appearance of the Old Believers. In large settlements of artisans, Murashkovo, Semenovskoye and Lyskovo created wooden dishes that were painted "like tin" - that is, they used technologies that preceded the appearance of Khokhloma, which became on a par with the favorite decoration techniques: wood carving and burning.

Painting under Khokhloma - technology

The main technology for creating products to which Khokhloma painting is applied consists of several stages. Initially, the master beats his thumbs up - prepares rough wooden blocks of about the same size as the product should be.

The next stage is shaving off the object itself on a special machine: plates, spoons, bowls, ladles, etc. This is how the master gets linen - a wooden blank for painting, which must be primed with liquid refined clay and left to dry for about 7-8 hours.

The key moment in the working process is coating the thing with linseed oil or special linseed oil. The strength of the dishes and the durability of painting on it depend on the quality of the coating. With the help of a special tampon made of sheep wool, turned inside out, the master scoops the drying oil from the bowl and begins to rub it into the wooden surface with quick movements - the whole procedure is performed about three to four times a day.

The last layer of drying oil is dried to such a state when the master's finger sticks a little to the coating, but does not get dirty anymore. This technology prepares the item for the next stage - tinning, which involves rubbing aluminum powder into the item. The process is also done with an inverted lambswool swab.

Only after these preparatory stages is khokhloma performed - painting a picture in a floral or animal ornament. The main colors used are red, black, yellow, but sometimes the craftsmen also use green and brown. Drawings are made with oil paints using the technique of horse writing or "under the background".

Horse letter

The principle of horse writing is very simple - a pattern of red, yellow or black is applied to the processed workpiece.

Usually, Khokhloma painting in this technique uses the "gingerbread" pattern - a large pattern in the center, which is encircled by circles of smaller ornaments.

Drawings under the background

The masters of drawing "under the background" use the pattern "kudrin" - gold and red drawings on a black background.

They are obtained as follows: initially, large colored ornaments are drawn, after which the free space is filled with a black background. When the dark paint dries, a "grass" pattern is applied on top - patterns of long and short blades of grass.

Finished works are covered about 5 times with a translucent fixative varnish with a yellowish tinge, after drying each layer. Dry products are sent to an oven heated to 150 degrees and kept there for about 3-4 hours until the main element of khokhloma is formed - a golden-bronze film.

Khokhloma painting templates

Khokhloma painting mainly uses pictures of plant origin - this means blades of grass, berries, twigs, stems of climbing plants and flowers. Drawings of flowers of rose, wild rose, mountain ash, grass are especially common.

However, craftsmen often use animal ornaments, depicting fairy birds, animals and insects in motion, forming simple scenes.

Despite the fact that the theme of the painting is clearly defined, the masters must be creative in the process, each time inventing unique drawings. Beginners, due to lack of experience, can use stencils to make the Khokhloma painting beautiful.

You can practice not only by redrawing ready-made drawings. Use these simple patterns to help you draw simple floral designs.

After repeating the pattern several times, you will fill your hand and create interesting drawings with oil paints for you will be as easy as learning to draw with a pencil.

The diagrams show that not only brushes of different sizes and shapes are used when drawing - some drawings can be made with stamps. It is easy to make stamps from available tools: a round grater on a simple pencil, a vegetable or fruit chopped in half.

The main application of the technique is decorating dishes, but recently the beautiful pattern has become so popular that it has been used almost everywhere. For example, dresses, T-shirts, jewelry with Khokhloma painting have come into fashion.

In addition, cars, bicycles, key rings, caskets, furniture are decorated in this way - it all depends on the imagination of the master.

Step by step drawing - painting Khokhloma on the board

In fact, you can decorate Khokhloma items even at home without using the complex basic technique described above. It is enough to paint the board with gold paint, draw patterns and fix it with a special varnish. Such a product can hardly be used for its intended purpose, but you will get an excellent souvenir for decorating your kitchen.

Prepare a wooden cutting board of the shape you like, PVA glue, gouache paints, varnish for wood, paint brushes, a paint brush.

On A4 sheet, draw the selected sketch of the image with a simple pencil - think of it yourself or borrow an image from our article.

Prime the board with egg white - just coat it with the substance and let it dry completely.

Apply an even layer of gold paint to the piece and let dry again.

Use carbon paper to transfer the drawing onto the workpiece.

First, paint the berries and flowers in red.

Next, paint the veins and stems with thin black strokes.

Using a brush that is most comfortable for you, draw a thin line around the outline of the drawing.

Paint the background black.

After the background has dried, paint the grass in a bright color.

Leave the product in a dry ventilated area until completely dry.

Apply clear hardener varnish to the entire surface of the board.

Your souvenir is ready! You can decorate your apartment with it or give it to a close friend for some holiday. In the same way, Khokhloma painting souvenir plate, spoons or any other product.

You can learn another simple technique for painting Khokhloma products at home from the following video tutorial.