Pavlovsky gold breed of chickens description. Characteristics of decorative chickens - Pavlovsky. Nutrition of adult birds

The Pavlovskaya breed is one of the oldest in Russia. Chickens are distinguished by good productivity, precocity, unpretentiousness in breeding and maintenance. Breeding Pavlovian chickens is suitable even for a beginner poultry farmer.

Breed history

The first mention of the breed dates back to the 17th century. At agricultural exhibitions, pavlovka has repeatedly been recognized best breed and awarded them the status of "royal". People liked them because of their unusual appearance.

The breed of chickens attracted attention at the end of the 19th century. Then it began to spread throughout the world. Its representatives ended up in Turkey, and from there they were taken to England. In Europe, Pavlovian chickens were called "Sultan".

After the revolution, interest in decorative birds disappeared, and they were on the verge of extinction. It was only in the 1980s that breeders made attempts to save the Pavlovian chickens. The following breeds were used for crossbreeding:

• Dutch;
• Sultan's;
• firerolls;
• la fresh.

It turned out to recreate the pavlovka according to the standard described in the book by I.I. Abozin.

Appearance and subspecies

Representatives of the Pavlovian breed are distinguished by their attractive appearance. A small rounded head with a helmet-like crest, which is compressed from all sides. On the cheeks and around the eyes protruding feathers. They pass to the beak and form sideburns with a beard. A tight collar envelops the entire neck.

The lobes and crest are underdeveloped and small. The base is located across the head and closer to the parietal region. The beak is slightly curved, thin, the nasal septum is visible from the side. It can be of the following colors:

• yellow;
• pink;
• black and blue.

The eyes are medium in size, slightly protruding, mostly yellow or black. By appearance reminiscent of pheasants. The plumage is spotted and variegated. The tail is raised and fluffy. Pavlovian chickens have well developed wings. Flight feathers may protrude beyond the contours. Paws are blue or black, fingers are covered with small feathers.

The following subspecies are distinguished:

• pale yellow;
• black-gold;
• silver;
• black and white;
• porcelain.

Silver subspecies

It is characterized by a white color of feathers interspersed with black or dark gray. They do not have a special shine, only dark areas shimmer with a green tint. Representatives of this group are few in number and do not have a spectacular appearance.

golden subspecies

It is golden chickens that are recognized as the most elegant. They have brown feathers with a golden sheen, with black circles and crescents. In the sun, these birds shimmer beautifully. Dark areas glow with a green tint. The species is very popular, so its representatives are easy to buy.

The nature of Pavlovsk chickens

Birds have a wild temperament. They won't sit still. Them distinguishing feature- this is fussiness, they are always running, digging in the ground. They know how to fly quite well, they can even move over fences.

They have a shy nature. The rapid approach of a person or loud noises throw them into a panic. They begin to beat their wings, scream loudly. If individuals were acquired in adulthood, they get used to the new owner for a long time.

Roosters hate competitors, are quick-tempered and cocky. They are not afraid of opponents larger than themselves and desperately attack them. At the same time, they coexist well with representatives of other species and do not attack people.

Productivity

Pavlovsk chickens are distinguished by good productivity indicators. They are classified as both meat and egg-laying species. Precocity does not worsen performance. The weight of a rooster reaches 3 kg, chickens - 2 kg. The output is dietary meat with a low fat content.

The average laying hen produces 300 eggs per year.

She becomes capable of this from the sixth month of life. The usual weight of an egg is 50 g. Chickens are distinguished by a pronounced maternal instinct. The young survive almost completely. Unlike other breeds, pawlovkas do not stop laying in winter period time. Productivity lasts up to five years.

Content Features

For the comfort of the birds, they need to provide walking. In cages, they will quickly die or be crippled. They need to be able to move freely on it. An insulated door with a manhole is made in the wall.

Arrangement of a chicken coop

The perches are placed at a height of 1 meter from the floor. It is not necessary to use ladders, as representatives of this breed easily take off to such a height.

Dense plumage allows you to survive any frost, but it is important to ensure that there are no drafts. Straw is laid on the floor. To prevent damage to eggs, white stones are laid out.

Walk or chicken coop

Pavlovian chickens do not tolerate restrictions on movement. Therefore, they or constant walking. In summer, it is better to install covered perches outside.

Care

Representatives of this breed do not require special care. Once a year, the entire litter in the chicken coop is completely changed and the walls are covered with slaked lime. Once a month.

Some birds can peck at the eggs. To prevent such a phenomenon, it is better to set.

In winter, you will need an artificial light source to extend daylight hours to 16 hours a day. This is necessary to maintain high egg production.

Feeding

Pavlovki are undemanding to the diet. In summer, they have enough worms, insects, greenery. Therefore, standard food is reduced to a minimum. Checking the degree of hunger of a bird is very simple - just touch the goiter, if it is full - the chicken is full. On average, she needs 50 g of feed.

In winter, a multicomponent diet is compiled. It includes:

• waste from fish and meat;
• herbal flour;
• grain mixtures;
• whey;
• mash;
• vitamins and minerals.

Portions should be small, eaten in half an hour. Water is changed in the morning and in the evening, the drinker is washed regularly.

Breeding

Chickens have a highly developed incubation instinct, so they themselves sit on the eggs. It is best not to put more than 10 eggs under the bird. You can also lay eggs of other breeds under the pavlovka, and they will grow them perfectly.

raising chickens

Little chicks are no different from representatives of other breeds. They have excellent vitality, the young survive almost completely.

Chicks are fed as soon as they are dry after birth. The first complementary food is a boiled egg, finely crushed with a shell pounded into powder. Crushed wheat and corn grits are also given. Water must be freely available.

After full plumage (after about 60 days), the young are no longer heated.

Frequent illnesses

The breed has good immunity due to the abundance of green fodder in the diet. They are resistant to colds and other diseases.

Dangerous problems associated with the liver. They appear when the owner gives a large amount of vitamin supplements. In this case, they poison the bird.

Due to the lack of calcium, pawlovkas can lay eggs without shells or with fragile shells. In this case, the birds are given additional fodder chalk or shell rock.

Advantages and disadvantages of the Pavlovian breed

The obvious advantages of the breed include high productivity, egg production and unpretentiousness. A good advantage is the survivability of the chicks, the strong maternal instinct of the hens and their precocity.

There are almost no downsides to keeping Pavlovsk chickens. These include noise, the ability to fly and increased activity. All this is easily solved with the help of an indoor poultry house and organized walking.

How much and where to buy in Russia

Pavlovki are not the best dear birds. A good individual can be bought for 1000 rubles. In Russia, this breed can be bought at poultry factories or from private owners. Different farms sell not only young birds, but also adult birds. Ads can be found on the Internet.

Conclusion

Pavlovsk chickens will be a great decoration for any yard. The low cost allows you to quickly recoup the cost of acquiring the breed. Birds of this breed are unpretentious and therefore they are ideal for novice farmers.

» Meat and eggs

Since the 18th century, Russian farmsteads have been decorated with motley Pavlovian chickens. The almost extinct breed, the description and photo of which can be viewed below, is again gaining popularity among poultry farmers.

• Head loosely rounded, small.
• crest compressed on all sides, looks like a helmet, curl.
• Around the eyes and on the cheeks protruding feathers, descending under the beak, they form a beard and sideburns. There is a dense collar along the entire length of the neck.
• Comb and lobes small, underdeveloped. The base of the crest is located next to the parietal part, located across the head.
• Beak straight or slightly curved, thin, with a nasal septum visible from the side. Nostrils raised. It can be pink, yellow, black and blue.

• Eyes yellow or black. Slightly convex. Medium size.
• Pavlovsk chickens in appearance resemble pheasants. The body is horizontal, compact, massive, compressed. The back is of medium length.
• Plumage spotty, speckled. The feathers are black at the beginning and end. The middle is white or golden. Allocate black and white, silver, black and gold, fawn, white coloring of Pavlovian chickens.
• Tail fluffy, graceful. Fanned up.
• Wings well developed. Flight feathers are tightly pressed to the body, sometimes protrude beyond the contours of the wing.
• Legs feathered from the outside and inside. On the shins "hawk tuft" ("hawk patella") - feathers bent at the ends, elongated in the form of spurs.
• Four fingers are feathered with small feathers. Paws dark blue-black.

Exterior flaws

The bird at the exhibition is rejected if:

• excessive plumage or lack of feathers on the legs.
• Outsider color in color.
• Fifth finger on the foot.
• Oversized or missing beards.
• big sprawling crest.
• Leg color inconsistent with the main.

History reference

Crested chickens with unusual plumage and “grouse” legs struck at the end of the 18th century the traveler P.S. Pallas, who saw them in the village of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod province.

In the century before last, at agricultural exhibitions Pavlovian chickens have been repeatedly recognized as "royal" and received the status of the best national breed. However, by the end of the 19th century, interest in decorative birds disappeared, and after the revolution, the Pavlovian breed disappeared altogether.

Only in the 80s of the last century, attempts were made to revive the reference Pavlovian bird. As a result of crossing Dutch breeds, Sultans, Faverolles and La Fresh, breeders have achieved the desired result.

Pavlovian roosters

According to the constitution, the color is the same as chickens, they differ only signs of gender.

• Eyes black, brown, cherry.
• Lush collar on the neck.
• Breast stronger than in females protruding forward.
• Tapered towards the tail back.
• Large, full, vertical tail with long, wide, curved tails.
• Metatarsus but g short, all shades of grey. Spurs are long and developed.

Subspecies of the breed, photo

The catalog highlights two subspecies: Pavlovian silver and Pavlovian gold.

Silver

The predominant color of the pen is white.

Golden

Golden brown plumage. At the end of the feather, the brown color turns into black, forming a fringing, which, passing from the tuft, neck to the shoulders, back, lower back, forms the letter V. The outer protective feathers of the tail and downy wings are spotted. The wing feathers of the first order are brown on the inside, with a golden hue, and dark on the outside.

Advantages and disadvantages

Among the pluses poultry farmers call decorativeness, unpretentiousness, low feed consumption, a large percentage of the safety of young animals, early maturity, good taste of eggs and meat.

Flaws: the danger of buying chickens of dubious breed, relatively low productivity.

Production characteristics

Appointment of the breed

Refer to precocious decorative group. However, taking into account the rather high egg production, fatness, high safety of young animals and hatchability, it is possible to conditionally define them as a meat and egg breed.

Raised on farms household plots, rural farmsteads. Characteristics of the breed and reviews of farmers can be viewed below.

The weight

chickens are not giants. Cockerels gain weight 1.7-1.9 kg. Adult roosters reach 2.5-3 kg. Chickens - 2 kg. The meat is tasty and tender.

egg production

The indicator is average. Pavlovian chickens produce from 150 to 300 eggs per year. The color of the shell is white, creamy, beige. The weight of an oblong egg is 50-65 g.

Chickens have a developed maternal instinct. The safety of chickens, thanks to the care of hens, exceeds 90%. Poultry farmers often use Pavlovian hens to hatch chicks of other breeds.

Advice: To prevent laying hens from laying eggs in other places, white stones are placed in the nests.

Temperament

Pavlovsk chickens are active, mobile, love to run. distinctive behavioral trait- fussiness, the ability to fly over obstacles by changing the direction of flight.

Roosters are cocky. Despite the militancy of males, chickens get along well with other breeds of birds - ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowls.

Trustworthy and friendly towards people. Tied to the chicken coop, not trying to escape.

Advice: For roosters, given their warlike nature, a separate place is fenced off in the chicken coop.

Content Features

Chicken coop or paddock

Birds are unpretentious. Thanks to the rich, dense plumage, high physical activity withstand frost in unheated, wind-sheltered rooms. But the best is the presence of a spacious, warm, equipped chicken coop.

Poor cell tolerance, limited space. Due to their natural mobility, chickens need regular walks.

In summer, stay in the barn is reduced to a minimum, leaving all daylight hours on the run.

Home Improvement

The chicken coop must have an area of ​​​​at least 3 m², a height of up to 2 m. the presence of a window.

A hole with an insulated door is made in the wall. Perches are stuffed at a height of about 80 cm. Nests (35x35x30 cm) are fixed along the walls, placed on the floor, laid out from the inside with hay or straw. The floor is insulated with hay, straw, sawdust.

The feeders are washed periodically. It is better if they have legs, then the chickens will scatter food less.

Diet and diet

Chickens compare favorably with meat and egg-meat breeds low feed intake, undemanding to the diet. In summer they peck greenfish, worms, insects.

In winter they switch to traditional diet: grain, wet mixers, feed, bran, vitamin supplements. With proper feeding, only 50 g of compound feed per day is consumed per bird of the Pavlovian breed.

Advice: For a vitamin mixture, carrots, potatoes, nettles, available vegetables and fruits are chopped. Add bran, white bread, salt, chalk, bone, fish or meat meal.

In winter, a third of the diet should be solid food. The rest are mixes.

The daily diet of Pavlovsk laying hens necessarily includes: grain, succulent vegetable mixtures, animal feed, mineral supplements.

Chickens from which it is planned to receive eggs for breeding young animals and hens should receive protein feed, vitamin complexes.

Protein foods include meat-feather, meat, fish meal. Whole and skimmed milk, cottage cheese, curdled milk. Vegetable products - legumes and flour from them, meal, cake, yeast, nettle.

Pavlovian chickens in the early days fed with cottage cheese, hard-boiled eggs, mixed with wheat, corn grains or boiled millet. On the third day they begin to feed fresh alfalfa, clover, nettle, boiled potatoes, carrots.

From the fifth day young animals should receive wet and dry mash, dairy and animal feed, greenfinch, carrots, tops, coniferous and grass flour, yeast.

Chicks' stomachs should be full by the end of the day.

The growth rate and safety of the chicks depend on the diversity and balance of the feed.

Chicks are fed on a tray. Put drinking bowls with warm milk or clean water at room temperature.

When chickens do not have the opportunity to receive pasture, they adhere to power mode:

1. fed 3-4 times a day.
2. In the morning birds receive a third of the grain, after a couple of hours - a wet mash.
3. In the evening fall asleep the remaining rate of grain.

Chicken care

Pavlovsky fluffy chickens, quickly fledge. Spotted, dark at birth. The growing feathers are golden, silvery with black speckles.

For breeding chickens, eggs weighing 60 g are selected. Chicks are hatched under a hen or in an incubator.

Pavlovian chickens are caring hens. They independently warm the chickens, cover them. They teach to find food, make sure that the chicks are not lost.

For hatchery chicks fence special place. Heating devices are installed: reflectors, electric lamps from 100 to 150 watts, special heating pads.

Temperature regime:

• 1-5 day temperature +30°С.
• 6-10 day the temperature must be reduced to + 26°C.
• From day 10 weekly reduce the temperature by 3 ° C to + 18 ° C.

The thermometer in the room for young animals is suspended half a meter from the floor.

Advice: Pay close attention to the behavior of the chicks. When the temperature is optimal, they are calm, eat well, do not crowd, and are active.

When hypothermia, they lose their appetite, gather at a heat source, climb on top of each other, push, trample the weak.

Overheating can be seen by the open beaks. Chicks drink more often, spread their wings, lie down, refuse to feed.

Diseases

Pavlovsky chickens resistant to diseases, colds. Through consumption a large number green fodder in the summer have strong immunity. Poultry farmers with large livestock vaccinate chickens against Marek, Newcastle and Gumboro diseases.

Price

Not the most expensive chicken breed. The price of a chicken is 300-500 rubles. The cost of adult elite birds is from 500 rubles.

Interesting: In the 90s of the last century, at the peak of interest in the revived breed, the auction bid for beautiful chickens reached two million dollars.

Collapse

Some farmers keep not only productive, but also decorative breeds of chickens. Such birds have a bright and unusual color, lush royal feather cover, so they decorate the chicken coop with their presence. One of the most beautiful decorative chickens is the Pavlovskaya golden breed of chickens.

Origin

Pavlovskaya breed of chickens

Pavlovsky chickens are the most ancient decorative breed bred in Russia. However, their exact place of origin is unknown. There is no information about which birds served as ancestors for Pavlovian chickens. Indeed, in the 19th century, private breeders were treated with disdain, and more attention was paid to breeding foreign individuals. The breed was first noticed at the end of the 19th century, and in fact at that moment its population almost completely disappeared. It is not known how many centuries before this moment they already existed.

They were named after the village of Pavlovo, where they have been breeding new breeds and crosses for a long time. Birds were brought here from abroad. These are fighting geese, and canaries and other individuals. Perhaps, foreign representatives in the process of long-term assimilation and selection were transformed into Pavlovian chickens.

In general, the 19th century was a turning point in the history of the breed. They were taken to Turkey and England, after which they spread throughout the world. Due to the beautiful plumage they were called Sultan's chickens. Birds have become a standard, they were called one of the most unusual in the whole world. M.N. Mariutsa-Grineva, in her book Russian Chickens, hypothesized that Pavlovian chickens are the ancestors of all European crested birds.

Appearance description

Pavlovsk chickens are small, have a small weight. The peculiarity of the breed is in its graceful posture: chickens move like queens, holding their wings, neck and head evenly. Outwardly, the bird resembles a pheasant, especially the golden one. The body is almost horizontal. The tuft is high and lush, the beard and sideburns are also very voluminous. The feather cover almost completely covers the head of the birds. Due to this, the chicken has an exotic exterior. Features of birds can be seen in the photo.

The eyes of birds are quite large, usually cherry, less often black. The ears are very small, they are almost invisible from under the tanks. The trunk and legs are short, the chest moves forward. The tail is large and bushy. Chickens belonging to the breed can have two types of plumage: golden or silver with black patches. At the tip of each feather there is a small black spot. The beard and sideburns are black, but the crest can be white, black or golden. All other feathers are also spotted, but the inclusions resemble the letter "V" or "M".

Roosters are practically the same size as chickens. They have a small, rounded head. The crest is helmet-shaped, slowly flows into the beard. He does not close the bird's eyes. But above the eyes there are also short feathers that resemble cilia. The beak is small, with a slightly curved tip. It can be of different colors - from pink to dark black. The nostrils stand out well on the beak, as they are large and slightly raised. The crest is small, present only in the anterior part, above the beak, but not under the tuft.

The external description of the roosters can be clearly seen in the images below:

The most unusual, most attractive decorative chickens that have been popular for more than one century. Pavlovsk chickens - breed poultry, which is one of the oldest breeds of chickens. Moreover, these birds are considered the standard of beauty for poultry.

The compressed tuft is a feature of the chicken, which has gained immense popularity among poultry farmers. Also a feature is the fact that at one time the chicken disappeared from the face of the Earth. However, today this breed of birds has been completely restored and is in great demand at exhibitions and just on farms. It is an intermediate type of birds, more precisely, its dimensions are between large and dwarf birds. Of course, the Pavlovskaya breed of chickens became famous for its appearance.

Origin

This bird first appeared in the 18th century, and the Nizhny Novgorod province, more precisely, the village of Pavlovo, is considered the place of its birth. It becomes clear that the breed got its name in honor of this village. She became famous thanks to the Moscow exhibition, after which she won the hearts of many people.

This breed disappeared in 1917 due to the revolution, as it turned out, almost all representatives of this breed disappeared. But already in the middle of the 20th century, everyone remembered crested birds thanks to the St. Petersburg Institute, which carried out a number of works to restore the breed. Unfortunately, even today there is no news about how Pavlovsk chickens were originally bred.

Appearance

The crest, which is compressed on both sides, may differ; so, in some representatives of the breed, it may be more compressed, and in some it may be more sprawling. Pavlovsk chickens differ from other breeds in their nostrils, which are larger than standard sizes. You can also forget about the big red comb, because the Pavlovskaya breed of chickens does not have this with them. The dark-eyed hen has a dark beard, which is formed from feathers. The paws are distinguished by the presence of "stockings", which are also made of feathers.

The plumage is quite thick and rich. And the body of the Pavlovskaya chicken is no different from the standard laying hen. However, these birds are distinguished from most chickens by a certain compactness. The back flows quite smoothly into the tail. The tail, according to the description, is somewhat reminiscent of a fan.

Color options

A huge advantage is not only the quality of the plumage, but also the color of the feathers, which can be called quite rich and unique.

Pavlovsk chickens are endowed with two colors of feather cover:

• black and white, also called silver;
• black-gold, but most poultry farmers call it simply golden.

Black feathers are only at the ends, but the rest of the plumage boasts beautiful shades of silver or gold. It is this transition from golden and silver colors to black that visually looks very rich and impressive.

Productive qualities

Perhaps productivity, egg production is a kind of disadvantage of the breed under discussion. However, this is a decorative type of poultry and you should not forget about it.

The maximum egg production for Pavlovsk chickens is about 170 eggs per year.

In addition, the eggs are not huge, but medium. The average egg weight is from 48 to 50 g. The weight of the hen is 1.5 kg, and the rooster weighs from 2 to 2.5 kg.

Advantages and disadvantages

Even without looking into the distance, we can safely say that such a chicken has much more advantages than disadvantages.

A huge advantage can be considered a fairly rapid maturation of the bird, which will be an undoubted plus for most poultry farmers. The second advantage can be considered the instinct for incubation present in the chicken, which is developed quite well. Also, the advantages include the easy adaptation of the bird to the conditions of life.

We won't have to talk about the shortcomings for a long time. This is, without a doubt, a small productivity. Undoubtedly, egg production of 150 and a maximum of 170 eggs per year is not much. But, since these birds are considered decorative, then this is forgivable.

And the second disadvantage can be considered the price of purchasing chicken. In addition, this breed is not so common, again, because of the price. Some may call it a disadvantage that the hen needs enough space, however, for most poultry farmers this is not a minus.

Content Features

According to the reviews and descriptions of many poultry farmers, Pavlovsk chickens are not afraid of cold and cold wind due to their thick and rich plumage. And this suggests that such birds will survive the winter absolutely calmly. In addition, according to breeders, these chickens are quite energetic and run all day without any effort.

As for food, there will be no difficulty here, because Pavlovsk chickens are absolutely not whimsical and are ready to eat even spoiled foods and insects with great appetite. Or, for example, berries and other fruits that will be found on the territory.