Justice is an honest and correct attitude (action, decision) that the heart prompts (a sense of justice comes from the heart). Equitable. Lesson of secular ethics Justice presentation for the lesson on Orxe (grade 4) on the topic Presentation
Slide 1
PWEARLISTOSVD
Slide 2
Justice -
What is justice? What kind of person can be called fair? What does it mean to treat people fairly? How do you react when you are treated unfairly? Is it easier to be fair to strangers or to those you love?
Slide 3
Make sentences with the suggested phrases: just act; fair decision; fair remuneration; fair punishment.
Slide 4
Indian fairy tale "Sly Jackal"
-Why did the peasant free the tiger? - How did the tiger want to thank the man? - Is it correct that the tiger was in the cage again? - What do you think is justice?
Slide 5
Themis - the goddess of justice - is sometimes depicted with a blindfold on her eyes, as a symbol of impartiality, with a sword and scales in her hands.
Slide 6
It is not because of wealth and poverty that people act unfairly.
To reason well about virtue does not mean yet to be virtuous, and to be just in thought does not mean yet to be just in deed.
Aristotle (384-322 BC), ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.
Aristotle:
Slide 7
Justice is the fulfillment of duty, injustice is not doing what is due, evasion [of the fulfillment of one's duties].
Democritus:
Democritus of Abder (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC) - ancient Greek philosopher
Slide 8
Proverbs
-Speak the truth and do it. -It was true, but she went into the forest. - In whom there is no good, there is little truth in that. -Everything is looking for the truth, but not everyone creates it. -Without truth - not living, but howling. -Do not look for the truth in others, if you do not have it. - Truth does not burn in fire and does not sink in water. -True hurts my eyes. -The truth is that you can't hide an awl in a bag. -Eat bread and salt, but listen to the truth.
Slide 9
Justice
The cat, Murka Sharik, decided to survive from the kennel. And why, it seemed to her: she herself lives in a big house, and Sharik is in a tiny booth. But the whole point was that the house was not hers, but the kennel - Sharikov! And she began to purr to the owners, saying that Sharik was quite old and had become lazy, and still too kind, which is why strangers made their yard a gateway! It all ended with the fact that Sharik was kicked out of the booth. And instead of him, they put Murka on a chain. The owners were smart. They realized that such an evil cat would be better than a kind dog to guard the house. And Sharik, so be it, was allowed into the canopy - to live out a century!
Slide 10
HOW TO BE?
Situation 1. "Game" Sister: - I am older, which means I need more cubes. Her brother answers her: - I also want to play. Share with me. Assess the behavior of the children. Who did the wrong? Why? How can justice be restored?
Situation 2. "Druzhok" Mom came home from work and asked her son: - Son, did you take a walk with Druzhok? The son replies to her: -You walk with your friend, otherwise I need to learn lessons. - But we agreed that you will walk with the dog during the day, and I - in the evening. You made a promise, - my mother was indignant. The boy was offended and said to his mother: -Just you don't love me, that's why you give me instructions! Appreciate the boy's action.
Equipment:
Expected results:
- observe moral rules;
During the classes:
I. Checking homework.
What topic did you cover in the previous lessons? / Happiness and the meaning of life. /
What was your homework? / Draw a picture on the theme "Happy minutes" ./
Children show their drawings.
And I also analyzed your mini-compositions "Happiness is when ..."
For you, happiness is when ...
SLIDE number 2
... the holidays are coming;
… give gifts;
... you get good marks;
... they are waiting at home loving people;
... they understand you;
… Parents are alive;
SLIDE number 3 And happiness, in my opinion, is simple
There are different heights:
From the hummock to Kazbek,
Depending on the person!
When you grow up, you will understand that the greatest happiness is when you are alive and well and your family and friends are healthy. What I wish you and everyone present.
II. Knowledge update.
SLIDE number 4 "Valuable qualities of the human soul"
SLIDE number 5 "Crossword"
1 - a feeling of the highest joy from the fulfillment of desires, the realization of a dream, an important result;
2 - the requirement for the fulfillment of certain conditions (the norm of behavior) by all participants in an action, for the fulfillment of which there is a reward, and for failure to fulfill a punishment;
3 - the good qualities of a person, prompting him to follow the rules of morality;
4 - a very desirable, but difficult to achieve goal;
5 - all thoughts, feelings, interests, values of a person that direct him to good deeds, elevate him above ordinary life worries (about food, warmth, sleep), that is, they differ from animals;
6 - the highest goal to which a person strives, it is difficult to achieve, but it is a model for behavior;
7 - duties that must be performed regardless of their desires;
8 - the opposite of good thoughts, words, deeds that people consider bad, dark, bad, harmful, destructive to life;
9 - teaching about morality and ethics, correct and decent behavior;
10 - a person's ability to distinguish good deeds from bad and for bad to feel guilty towards himself;
11 - thoughts, words, deeds that people consider positive, bright, good, useful, necessary to preserve or continue life;
12 - a feeling of guilt towards others, for example, for an unfulfilled debt;
13 - respect in oneself for the personality, one's rights, one's ability to live in accordance with the requirements of conscience, duty, morality, to defend one's honor;
14 - the good name of a person, his self-respect and respect for him from other people for the fact that a person's actions do not disagree with his conscience, are faithful to duty, truthful, fair, noble, decent.
What word did we get? /Justice./
SLIDE number 6 "Justice"
SLIDE number 7 "Work in groups"
Examination.
III. Creation problem situation, problem formulation.
Open the tutorial on p. 34.
What is the theme of our lessons? / Justice and mercy. /
Today we are talking about ...? / Justice./
I wonder what kind of situation our heroes have? Based on the picture, where will the events take place? /At school. /
Is justice appropriate in school situations?
Reading text aloud.
How did Lena and Antoshka react to Ilya's act? / They were indignant at his behavior. /
What is the difficulty for Antoshka? What question arises in this situation? / What to do in fairness? /
Why did Rustam disagree with Antoshka? / He thinks that telling the teacher about breaking the rules is to fool. /
What problem did the children have? What are the guys confused about? / How to do the right thing if two rules contradict each other? How not to get confused in the numerous rules of behavior, how not to make a mistake and not accidentally commit a bad deed? /
SLIDE № 10 "How can a person not get confused in numerous rules of behavior, not make mistakes and accidentally commit a bad deed?"
IV. Solving a problem, discovering new knowledge.
Do you think there are such rules of morality that are common to all people in the world?
Working with the text "The Golden Rule".
Let's read the title of the text. What rule do you think we are talking about? Why was it called gold?
The teacher organizes the commented reading of the text.
SLIDE number 11. "The Golden Rule of Morality"
So, in ancient times in Russia there was a proverb: "What you don't like in another, don't do it yourself." And nowadays, for example, on buses and trains, we often hear the announcement: "Dear passengers, be mutually polite!" Or: "If you want to be respected, respect others yourself." (Right?)
Who Formulated the "Golden Rule of Morality"? When?
What was the only word he used to describe his teaching? / Reciprocity /
SLIDE No. 12.
- "Golden rules" exist in our time.
And can the “golden rule of morality” help in the situation that we read about on p. 34?
What should Antoshka do, how to resolve the situation? You can't leave Ilya's act without explanation? According to the “golden rule of morality”, what should Antoshka do? Try it on yourself. / Do not shout, do not offend Ilya. For example, say: "How quickly did you finish everything today, only accidentally scattered the garbage." /
It is better if the development of the situation will be modeled by the students.
Here Ilyusha is sitting in the locker room, already putting on his street shoes. Then Antoshka comes running with the words: “Ilyukha, what are you doing? Go back to class, you left trash on the floor! " How will Ilyusha react? Try it on yourself.
But it could be different. Ilyusha can simply refuse and leave.
And if you use the "golden rule of morality"? What advice do you have for Antoshka? What should he do?
Working with the text "Valuable qualities of the human soul". Reading the text with marks.
Look at the figure on p. 36.
What can you say about the deed that is depicted? Do you agree with this behavior?
Read the captions under the pictures. /The crime. Fair punishment. /
What will the action lead to? How will a person be justly punished?
Should a person have any feelings for doing such a bad thing?
Read the text on p. 36 and find answers to questions
SLIDE number 13
Mark the answers on the tracing paper.
Based on the idea of justice, what is the correct answer to Ilya's bad deed that the guys can come up with?
So, Ilyusha got dirty in the classroom. He can understand and ask for forgiveness. What other options can there be?
V. Expression of the solution to the problem.
Let's get back to our question:
SLIDE number 14
Vi. Reflection. Slide number 15
Have we answered main question lesson?
Vii. Homework: find proverbs, sayings of philosophers about justice.
View document content
"Lesson outline"
Foundations of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia.
Secular ethics.
4th class MBOU secondary school number 5
Teacher: Sukhova Olga Nikolaevna
Topic: "Justice and Mercy" (first lesson).
Target: to acquaint students with the concept of "justice", with its impact on a person.
Tasks:
formulate the concept of "justice", concretize the concept through specific examples based on the experience and knowledge of the teacher and students;
discussing with students the moral rules of a just person;
fostering a sense of justice in children;
contribute to the formation of personality;
development of educational skills to work with information in the process of reading: the ability to navigate information sources, adequately understand what was read, sort information in terms of its importance, learn to listen to comrades and analyze the information presented by them, draw conclusions and generalizations;
development of students' outlook, enrichment of vocabulary.
Equipment:
M \ media installation, screen, explanatory dictionaries, album sheets, felt-tip pens, sheets for writing.
Expected results:
the ability to act fairly;
observe moral rules;
the ability to evaluate their actions.
During the classes:
I .Checking homework.
What topic did you cover in the previous lessons? / Happiness and the meaning of life. /
What was your homework? / Draw a picture on the theme "Happy minutes" ./
Children show their drawings.
We will create the Minutes of Happiness magazine from the pictures.
And I also analyzed your mini-compositions "Happiness is when ..."
For you, happiness is when ...
SLIDE number 2
… All desires and dreams come true;
... the holidays are coming;
… give gifts;
... you get good grades;
... loving people are waiting at home;
... mom comes home early from work;
... they understand you;
… Parents are alive;
... close to you, friends;
... relatives and friends are doing well
I would like to end this beautiful topic with an excerpt from a poem by Eduard Asadov:
SLIDE number 3 And happiness, in my opinion, is simple
There are different heights:
From the hummock to Kazbek,
Depending on the person!
When you grow up, you will understand that the greatest happiness is when you are alive and well and your family and friends are healthy. What I wish you and everyone present.
II ... Knowledge update.
SLIDE number 4"Valuable qualities of the human soul"
At each lesson, we supplement the “Valuable qualities of the human soul” cluster. Name these qualities.
Today we will talk about another valuable quality. But which one, we will find out if we solve the crossword puzzle.
SLIDE number 5 "Crossword"
1 - a feeling of the highest joy from the fulfillment of desires, the realization of a dream, an important result;
2 – requirement for the fulfillment of certain conditions (norm behavior) by all participants of any action, for the performance of which it is provided encouragement, and for non-fulfillment punishment;
3 - the good qualities of a person that motivate him follow the rules of morality;
4 - a very desirable but elusive goal;
5 - all thoughts, feelings, interests, values of a person, which direct him to good deeds, elevate him above ordinary life worries (about food, warmth, sleep), that is, they distinguish him from animals;
6 - the highest goal to which a person strives, it is difficult to achieve, but it is a model for behavior;
7 – duties that must be performed regardless of their desires;
8 - the opposite of good thoughts, words, deeds that people considered bad dark, bad, harmful, destructive to life;
9 - teaching about morality and morality, correct and dignified behavior;
10 - human ability differ good deeds from bad and for the bad to feel guilty before oneself;
11 - thoughts, words, deeds that people consider positive, light, good, useful, necessary to preserve or continue life;
12 - Feelings of guilt towards others, for example, for an unfulfilled debt;
13 - respect in the very his personality, his rights, his ability to live in accordance with the requirements of conscience, duty, morality, to defend his honor;
14 - good name person, his self-respect and respect for from other people for the fact that a person's actions do not diverge with his conscience, faithful to duty, truthful, just, noble, decent.
What word did we get? / Justice./
SLIDE number 6"Justice"
SLIDE number 7"Working in groups"
1group: make up a cluster to the word "justice"
2,3 group: searches for the meaning of a word in " Explanatory dictionary»
Group 4: write down the answer to the question "What person is called fair?"
Examination.
1 group. Cluster "Justice" - impartiality, objectivity, truth, honesty, dignity, correctness, fidelity, impartiality, legality, reliability, truthfulness, merit, justice.
2, 3 group.
« JUSTICE , -and, w. 1. see fair. 2. Fair treatment of someone, impartiality. Sense of justice. To do justice. * To give justice to someone (book) - to recognize for someone something. some n. dignity, rightness, to pay tribute ”Dictionaries of V.I. Dahl; S.I. Ozhegov , N.Yu. Shvedova.
“JUSTICE is a category of moral, legal and socio-political consciousness, the concept of what should be, associated with historically changing ideas about inalienable human rights. Contains the requirement of correspondence between the real significance of different individuals ( social groups) and them social status, between their rights and duties, between action and retribution, labor and remuneration, crime and punishment, etc. " Big encyclopedic dictionary.
SLIDE number 8
4 group SLIDE number 9"Just person": kind, smart, wise, patient, honest, courageous, generous.
Is it easy to be a fair person?
III ... Creation of a problem situation, problem formulation.
- Open the tutorial on p. 34.
- What is the theme of our lessons? / Justice and mercy./
- Today we are talking about ...? / Justice./
- I wonder what kind of situation our heroes have? Based on the picture, where will the events take place? / At school./
- Is it appropriate in school situations such a concept as justice?
Reading text aloud.
- How did Lena and Antoshka react to Ilya's act? / They were outraged by his behavior. /
- What is the difficulty for Antoshka? What question arises in this situation? / What is fairness to do? /
- Why did Rustam disagree with Antoshka? / He believes that to tell the teacher about breaking the rules is to be fooled. /
–What problem did the children have? What are the guys confused about? / What is the right thing to do if two rules contradict each other? How not to get confused in the numerous rules of behavior, how not to make a mistake and not accidentally commit a bad deed? /
SLIDE number 10 "
IV . Solving a problem, discovering new knowledge.
- Do you think there are such rules of morality that are common to all people in the world?
Working with the text "The Golden Rule".
- Let's read the title of the text. What rule do you think we are talking about? Why was it called gold?
The teacher organizes the annotated reading of the text.
Two and a half thousand years ago, a famous scientist and sage named Confucius lived in China. SIDE number 11... One day one of his students asked:
- Teacher, you know a lot about the world, you say that everyone should help each other, not be lazy, be polite, fight with their shortcomings. Tell me, is it possible to describe all your teaching in one single word? And from all the rules to choose the main thing? (Can you? Guess.)
- You can, - the old, wise Confucius smiled in response. - The word is "reciprocity", and the rule is "do not do to another what you do not wish for yourself." (Did you have that option?)
So, according to legend, the Chinese sage Confucius formulated a rule that was later called the golden rule of morality.
Why is it "golden"? (How did we decide?)
Because all the peoples of the world use it to distinguish good deeds from evil. (How?) After all, not a single person wants to hurt himself. Everyone wants only good for himself. When choosing what to do with another person - what to say to him, what to do - put yourself in his place. Imagine what these words will say to you now. That they will do it to you like this. Do you like it or not? And then it will be easy for you to understand which act is bad and which is good. (Now it's clear how? Is it clear why the rule is golden?)
The “golden rule of morality” sounds differently in different languages, but its meaning does not change.
SLIDE number 11."The Golden Rule of Morality"
So, in ancient times in Russia there was a proverb: "What you don't like in another, don't do it yourself." And nowadays, for example, on buses and trains, we often hear the announcement: "Dear passengers, be mutually polite!" Or: "If you want to be respected, respect others yourself." (Right?)
- Who formulated the "golden rule of morality"? When?
- What was the only word he used to describe his teaching? / Reciprocity/
SLIDE No. 12.
- "Golden rules" exist in our time.
- Can the “golden rule of morality” help in the situation that we read about on p. 34?
- What should Antoshka do, how to resolve the situation? You can't leave Ilya's act without explanation? According to the “golden rule of morality”, what should Antoshka do? Try it on yourself. / Do not shout, do not offend Ilya. For example, say: "How quickly did you finish everything today, only accidentally scattered the garbage."/
It is better if the development of the situation will be modeled by the students.
- Here Ilyusha is sitting in the locker room, already putting on his street shoes. Then Antoshka comes running with the words: “Ilyukha, what are you doing? Go back to class, you left trash on the floor! " How will Ilyusha react? Try it on yourself.
- But it may be different. Ilyusha can simply refuse and leave.
- And if you use the "golden rule of morality"? What advice do you have for Antoshka? What should he do?
Working with the text "Valuable qualities of the human soul". Reading the text with marks.
- Look at the drawing on p. 36.
- What can you say about the deed that is depicted? Do you agree with this behavior?
- Read the captions under the pictures. / The crime. Fair punishment. /
- What will the action lead to? How will a person be justly punished?
- Should a person feel any feelings, having committed such a bad deed?
- Read the text on p. 36 and find answers to questions
SLIDE number 13
1) How does the text explain the meaning of the word "justice"?
2) What is the reward for the usefulness of human labor for other people?
3) How are human rights balanced in society?
4) How are good deeds rewarded?
5) What must a person be punished for for a crime committed?
Mark the answers on the tracing paper.
- Based on the idea of justice, what is the correct answer to Ilya's bad deed that the guys can come up with?
- So, Ilyusha got dirty in the classroom. He can understand and ask for forgiveness. What other options can there be?
V ... Expression of the solution to the problem.
Let's get back to our question:
SLIDE number 14
Remember the golden rule of morality and apply it depending on the situation.
VI ... Reflection. Slide number 15
What valuable quality of the human soul have we met?
- Have we answered the main question of the lesson?
Vii ... Homework: find proverbs, sayings of philosophers about justice.
View presentation content
"Justice_"
Justice
and
mercy
(first lesson)
The basics secular ethics
Compiled by Olga Nikolaevna Sukhova,
teacher primary grades MBOU SOSH No. 5,
Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod region
Happiness – it is when…
… all desires and dreams come true;
… holidays are coming;
… give gifts;
… you get good grades;
… loving people are waiting at home;
… mom comes home early from work;
… they understand you;
… parents are alive;
… close friends and relatives next to you;
… relatives and friends are doing well
And happiness, in my opinion, is simple There are different heights:
From the hummock to Kazbek,
Depending on the person!
Eduard Asadov
devotion
honesty
sincerity
loyalty
openness
reliability
kindness
wisdom
friendliness
responsiveness
judiciousness
shame
WITH P A R E
P R A V I L O
N R A B S T B E N O S T b
M E CH T A
D U X O V N O S T
And D E A L
D O L G
Z L O
THIS AND TO A
From about V THERE IS
D O B R O
WITH T Y D
D OS T O I N S T V O
H E S T B
Working in groups
Group 1: create a cluster
"Justice"
Group 2:
work with a dictionary
Group 3:
Group 4: answer the question "What person is called fair?"
Justice -
a moral rule governing relations between people regarding the distribution of benefits, rewards and punishments;
- taking action in accordance
with truth, law
generous
kind
A fair man
clever
bold
wise
honest
patient
Do you think it is easy to be a fair person?
"Golden Rule
morality "
“Treat people
the way you want
to treat
to you".
Confucius.
reciprocity
The law of justice: "Do not do to others what you do not want yourself."
The law of morality: Treat others the way you want them to treat you.
Christian commandment: "In everything you want people to do to you, do you also with them" (Matthew 7:12 ).
"Valuable qualities of the human soul"
1) How will the text explain the meaning of the word "justice"?
2) What is the reward for the usefulness of human labor for others?
3) How are human rights balanced in society?
4) How are good deeds rewarded?
5) What must a person be punished for for a crime committed?
devotion
honesty
sincerity
openness
loyalty
reliability
kindness
Valuable qualities of the human soul
wisdom
friendliness
responsiveness
shame
judiciousness
Justice ?
It was interesting. The topic of the lesson is clear.
It will come in handy in my life.
It was interesting, but something was not clear.
It was uninteresting and incomprehensible. This will not be useful to me in life.
Sources of information:
Foundations of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics. Fundamentals of secular ethics. 4-5 grades: tutorial for general education. institutions. - M .: Education, 20010 .-- 63 p .: ill.
http://www.foxdesign.ru/aphorism/topic/t_equity.html
http://letter.com.ua/aphorism/validity1.php
http://www.aphorismos.ru/validity/
http://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0 % B2% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D1% 8C
http://www.aforism.su/83.html
http://bigpodarok.ru/imgbd/2008/06/02/b1295.jpg
http://pics.livejournal.com/melody_su/pic/000331zz/s320x240
http://endem.ru/uploads/posts/2009-12/1260478048_h35oy0iex6ozvce.jpeg
http://www.litera.ru/stixiya/authors/barto/okapyvali-vishni-sergej.html
http://www.piplz.ru/photo/Demokritos1.jpg
http://www.labirint.ru/books/187626/
http://www.myparents.ru/ASFOTO/AS001.jpg
http://www.ozon.ru/multimedia/books_covers/1000251467.jpg
http://www.tonnel.ru/gzl/685881118_tonnel.gif
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Jean-Jacques_Rousseau_%28painted_portrait%29.jpg
Moral rules: respect for the rights of others; non-committing evil in one's actions (humiliation, deception, violence); struggle with vices and shortcomings, and not with people who have them; recognition of the rightness of other people; striving to find a solution that could suit everyone
Justice is to give each one his own. Injustice is achieved in two ways: either by violence or by deception. Mark Tullius Cicero (BC) Roman statesman, an outstanding orator and writer, popularizer of Greek philosophy. Justice is the highest of all virtues. Mark Tullius Cicero:
Themis - the goddess of justice - is sometimes depicted with a blindfold on her eyes, as a symbol of impartiality, with a sword and scales in her hands. Themis is the goddess of justice Libra, an ancient symbol of measure and justice. On the scales of justice, good and evil are weighed, the deeds committed by mortals during their lifetime. The posthumous fate of people depended on which cup outweighed. The sword in the hands of Themis is a symbol of retribution. It is double-edged, since the law not only punishes, but also warns. Why?
It is not because of wealth and poverty that people act unfairly. To reason well about virtue does not mean yet to be virtuous, and to be just in thought does not mean yet to be just in deed. Aristotle (BC), ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. Aristotle:
I AM EXTRA We were digging in cherries. Sergei said: I am superfluous. Five trees, five children I went out into the garden in vain. And as the cherries ripen, Sergei goes out into the garden. Well no, now you are superfluous! The guys are talking. Agniya Barto. Can the words of the guys in A. Barto's poem "I am superfluous" be considered fair?
The unjust, making himself evil, does evil to himself. Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus April 4, 174 - April 8, 217 Roman emperor, philosopher Be fair and you will be happy. J. Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau June 28, 1778) is a French writer, thinker, composer.
The only thing that every honest person should be guided by in his actions is whether what he does is fair or unjust, and whether it is an act of a good or an evil person. Socrates Justice must be the norm for human action. Nikolay Chernyshevsky Justice is as essential a product for life as bread. Ludwig Berne
Sources of information: Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics. Fundamentals of secular ethics. 4-5 grades: textbook for general education. institutions. - M .: Education, - 63 p .: ill. php% BB% D0% B8% D0% B2% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D1% 8C html jpg jpg jpg jpg Jacques_Rousseau_% 28painted_portrait% 29.jpg
