Social mobility of a famous person presentation. social mobility. person in a group
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The presentation on the topic "Social mobility" (Grade 7) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Subject of the project: Social science. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 25 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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SOCIAL MOBILITY
MBOU "Lyceum No. 12", Novosibirsk teacher VKK Stadnichuk T.M.
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Do you see a man diligent in his work? He will stand before kings. B. Franklin (1706-1796) - American educator, scientist and statesman
Which of your current statuses are achievable? What did you do to get them? What does the vertical and horizontal structure of society mean?
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The concept of social mobility
Social mobility is a change by an individual or group of their social position in social space.
People are in constant motion, and society is constantly evolving. This means the variability of its structure. The totality of all social movements of an individual or groups is included in the concept of social mobility.
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THE TALE OF THE FISHERMAN AND THE FISH"
THE TALE "CINDERELLA"
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The concept was introduced into scientific circulation by P. Sorokin in 1927. The level of social mobility characterizes the degree of openness of society, the possibility of moving from one population group to another. He identified two main types of mobility: horizontal and vertical.
PITIRIM SOROKIN (1889 -1968) - Russian, American sociologist and culturologist.
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types of mobility
Depending on the direction of movement, upward vertical mobility (social rise) and downward mobility (social decline) are distinguished.
Vertical mobility is a set of social movements, which is accompanied by an increase or decrease in the social status of an individual.
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An example is the movement from one citizenship to another, from one profession to another, which has a similar status in society. Varieties often include geographic mobility - moving to another place of residence, tourism, etc.
Horizontal mobility is the transition of an individual from one social position to another, which is at the same level.
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TYPES OF MOBILITY
INTRAGENERAL - this is a change in status within one generation (people, as a rule, achieve a new status through their own efforts) = social career
INTERGENERATION - this is a comparative change in social status among different generations (for example, the son of a worker becomes an engineer)
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GROUP - collective movements of people in the social structure. (impact of social revolutions, wars, change of political regimes)
INDIVIDUAL - the movement of an individual in a social structure that occurs independently of other people.
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SPONTANEOUS is the movement of a person or entire groups up, down or horizontally under the influence of historical events and processes.
ORGANIZED - this is the movement of a person or entire groups up, down or horizontally controlled by the state.
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open and closed types of companies
In an open type of society, the degree of vertical mobility is very high, while in a closed type of society it is very small. An example of the second kind is the caste system in India. The degree of vertical mobility can be measured, for example, by the proportion of "upstarts" among the rulers and senior officials, people from the "bottom"
VC. BLUKHER (1890 -1938) - Marshal of the Soviet Union
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Social elevators
Sorokin named eight elevators that people move up or down the steps of the social ladder in the course of their personal career
Social lift is a mechanism for increasing (or lowering) social status.
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The ARMY functions in this capacity not in peaceful, but in war time. Large losses among the command staff lead to the filling of vacancies from lower ranks. In times of war, soldiers advance through talent and bravery.
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
GEORGE WASHINGTON OLIVER CROMWELL
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The CHURCH as a channel of social circulation has moved a large number of people from the bottom to the top of society. Gebbon, Archbishop of Reims, was a former slave. Pope Gregory VII - the son of a carpenter. Thanks to the institution of celibacy, after death officials vacated positions were filled with new people.
POPE GREGORIO VII
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SCHOOL. The system of social lifts at all times included the institutions of upbringing and education. In those countries where the school is accessible to all segments of the population, it is an excellent channel for mobility to move up. Large competitions for colleges and universities in many countries are explained by the fact that education is the fastest and most accessible channel of vertical mobility
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POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS - from political parties to the government - are one of the channels of individual mobility. To move up the social ladder in many countries, it is enough to enter the civil service.
WILLIAM JEFFERSON (BILL) CLINTON (b. 1946) - 42nd President of the United States (1993-2001) from the Democratic Party. Prior to his election as President of the United States, Clinton was elected Governor of Arkansas five times. The son of a salesman and a nurse.
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ART. A person gains recognition and fame, and his work begins to cost fabulous money. Among the most famous French writers, 13% were from the working environment. Felix Mendelssohn skillfully arranged for the marriage of Princess Victoria of Germany and Crown Prince Friedrich - Emperor of Germany Frederick III to his wedding march).
Felix Mendelssohn (1809 - 1847) - German composer
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PRESS, TELEVISION, RADIO. Newspapers and television can provide fame and promotion for people who are fluent in the popular style of presentation, are in close acquaintance with a large number of people, and have oratorical skills.
OPRA WINFREY (born 1954) is an American TV presenter, actress, and producer.
Oprah lived in poverty and was sexually abused at an early age. For 2014, Winfrey's capital exceeds $2.9 billion.
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ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS. The accumulation of wealth is the most reliable way to the top in the conditions of law enforcement, in conditions of social cataclysms, wealth can be easily taken away by fraud or violence. And people who become rich will buy or achieve privileges.
MICHAEL SOL DELL (born 1965) is the founder and CEO of Dell. He started his company in artisanal conditions. In 2013, he took 49th place in the list of 100 the richest people world with a fortune of $15.9 billion.
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B. DISRAELI (1804-1889) - 40th and 42nd Prime Minister of Great Britain
FAMILY AND MARRIAGE. According to ancient Roman law, if a free woman married a slave, then her children became slaves. Today there is a "pull" between wealthy brides and poor aristocrats, when in the event of marriage, both partners receive mutual benefit.
Disraeli became a member of parliament on the 4th attempt. Marriage of convenience with Mary Ann Evans allowed him to focus on a political career, not thinking about earnings - Mrs. Disraeli sponsored her husband.
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marginality
The movement of people between different social strata and statuses in some cases is accompanied by marginality - a situation of an intermediate, structurally indefinite socio-psychological state.
Marginals are individuals and groups that do not have a certain social identification and are excluded from the system of stable social ties and relations.
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Usually, the following main types of marginals are distinguished: ethnic marginals - migration, when a person's adaptation to a different ethnic environment has not yet been completed; economic marginals - appear as a result of the loss of work, property; social marginals - loss of a habitual way of life); political outcasts - destruction of generally accepted social norms and values).
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The predominant part of the middle class made downward mobility and joined the ranks of the poor, this part is called the "new poor". Distinctive feature - high level education. Teachers, professors, engineers, doctors and other categories of state employees were among the poor only on the basis of an economic criterion - income.
social mobility. Social origin education nationality qualification Pitirim Sorokin Social mobility is any transition of an individual, group or social object, or value, from one social position to another, as a result of which the social position of an individual or group changes.
Social mobility Vertical mobility is a set of interactions that facilitate the transition of an individual from one social stratum to another. Horizontal mobility is the transition of an individual from one social position to another, which is at the same level.
1. Social mobility is necessary because serves as an integral part of culture in any modern industrialized society. 2. In the conditions of modern open society it depends on you yourself what position you will occupy in society, in which social group you will be. 3. Through your own efforts, you will be able to change your social position, move from one rung of the social ladder to another. Social mobility Conclusions:
Depict graphically vertical () and horizontal () mobility in the following positions: A) change of profession: the worker became an engineer; B) moving from one city to another without changing the profession; C) advanced training within one profession (engineer - leading engineer); D) raising the level of education (a technician, having received a higher education, became the head of a shop); D) demotion. Social Mobility Quest
Types of social mobility:
Intergenerational, when children reach a higher social position, or fall to a lower step than their parents. This is usually a long-term form of mobility.
Intragenerational- the same person changes his position several times throughout his life. It's called a social career. (The turner of the plant is the owner of the holding). This type of mobility is associated with short-term processes.
social mobility
Types of social mobility:
Vertical - moving from one stratum (estate, caste, class) to another. Depending on the direction, it may upward and downward mobility. ( promotion or dismissal).
Horizontal - the transition of an individual from one social group to another, located at the same level. (Change of citizenship, religion, family, place of residence, profession).
social mobility
Vertical and horizontal mobility is affected by:sex, age, birth rate, mortality rate, population density, etc.
The young and men are more mobile than the elderly and women. Overpopulated countries are more likely to experience the effects of emigration than migration (China). Where the birth rate is higher, the population is younger and therefore more mobile.
Pattern: the higher the status of a person, the fewer children he has. Therefore, the children of the rich cannot fill all the strata at the highest and middle levels, and there are chances that the strata will be filled by the poorer strata.
It may also be individual and group
mobility. A person can move independently or collectively. Moreover, with the consent or without the consent of the people (Komsomol recruitment, or the repatriation of small peoples, dispossession).
2.
Based on taking into account the ongoing changes in the social development of our country, when the static social structure becomes obsolete not only by years, but literally by months, it is impossible to give a complete picture of this process. Therefore, we will try to consider social change like a trend.
From the point of view of social mobility, it can be stated that the beginning The 90s of the twentieth century, with the advent of capitalist relations, allowed the most diverse representatives of social groups to quickly rise to the top ... Today, the vacancies have been filled and the upward movement has slowed down very much ...
Dynamics of the social structure of modern Russian society
For example, RBC specialists see a picture of social stratification in modern Russia in the following way:
A (Highest class) - Top managers (top managers) of enterprises, organizations and institutions with higher education and a large number of subordinates, highly qualified specialists with private practice.
B (Higher middle class) – Middle managers with higher education of large organizations/companies, medium business entrepreneurs;
C1 (Middle middle class)– Highly qualified specialists without management functions in the non-state sector of the economy, small entrepreneurs, middle managers with secondary or special education.
Dynamics of the social structure of modern Russian society
(lower middle class)- Qualified professionals budget organizations, wealthy pensioners who serve without higher education and skilled workers in foreign and joint ventures;
D (Lower class) - Skilled workers and craftsmen in state-owned enterprises and employees in budgetary organizations, most pensioners, small traders without special or higher education;
E (Lower lower class)- unskilled and
auxiliary workers with secondary education, low-income pensioners.
Dynamics of the social structure of modern Russian society
According to the Romir-Monitoring holding, the largest last years All-Russian study on social stratification revealed 7 main strata:
"White collars", which include business people, senior managers, top managers large companies (7,2 %),
intelligentsia (14.6%),
"blue collar"- skilled workers with a high level of income (18.9%),
"grey collars"- unskilled workers with a low level of education and income (14.8%),
students (3.6%),
non-working (9.7%)
pensioners (31.2%).
Of these seven groups, according to the authors of the study, only five are socially significant (without students and unemployed). Experts believe that "this result refutes the opinion that society has not yet settled down, it is in a fever and, with the exception of a small layer, the bulk of the population is still looking for its place in life."
Dynamics of the social structure of modern Russian society
Let us dwell on another scheme of social structure in more detail:
The upper class was already formed by the middle. 90s. At this time, such social groups how:
Criminals (15% engaged in underground business back in Soviet times);
Party and state nomenclature – 70%, caught in right time in the right place;
= "Raznochintsy", i.e. representatives of different strata from workers to engineers of research institutes - 15%.
The Russian elite has capital, many of which are acquired outside the legal space. This layer has the ability to adopt appropriate laws and distribute the main wealth of the country. The sphere of entertainment is inaccessible to others. They differ in demonstrative luxury, but there is still no heredity.
Dynamics of the social structure of modern Russian society
The middle class is being formed and there is a high level of mobility. It is the most active in economic terms part of the population ... Its composition is determined by such features as income, education, lifestyle, social prestige. In developed countries, about 60% of the population.
The formation of a middle class usually leads to an easing of social tension in the country and a decrease in the lumpenization of the population. Today, the country's middle class includes about 16 million people. or 20-22% of the economically active population. The crisis of 1998 and 2009 hit the process of the formation of the middle class painfully.
Dynamics of the social structure of modern Russian society
It mainly consists of representatives of mental labor: managers, employees of banks, insurance and other companies, part of the intelligentsia.
Education is at least secondary specialized, the standard of living is above the average in the region. More than half are employed in the public sector, another third work in private enterprises, in the education system (16%), the army and law enforcement agencies(13%), trade (11%), but in agriculture and forestry only 1%, housing and communal services - 2%, science - 3%. About a third do not work in their specialty.
Almost 20 million people are "office plankton", i.e. are engaged in directing or supporting the process of creating a product or service. In addition, about 11 million people. are members of law enforcement agencies (4.5 million people) or are officials in executive and legislative bodies.
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The concept of social mobility:
In a stratification system, individuals or groups can move from one level (layer) to another. This process is called social mobility.
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Social inequality implies differences in the distribution of benefits and responsibilities, and social stratification- a structured system of inequality, social mobility is manifested in the movement of individuals or groups from one social status to another.
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social mobility
According to the definition of P. Sorokin, "social mobility is understood as any transition of an individual, or a social object, or a value created or modified through activity, from one social position to another."
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Reasons for social mobility
First, societies change, and social change alters the division of labor, creating new statuses and undermining old ones. Second, while the elite may monopolize educational opportunities, they cannot control the natural distribution of talent and ability. Therefore, the upper strata are inevitably replenished with talented people from the lower strata.
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Forms of social mobility:
Horizontal mobility is the transition of an individual or social object from one social position to another, lying on the same level. Vertical mobility is a set of interactions that contribute to the transition of an individual or social object from one social stratum to another.
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Vertical mobility is a change in the position of an individual, which causes an increase and decrease in his social status. If an auto mechanic becomes a factory manager, this is an indication of upward mobility, but if an auto mechanic becomes a scavenger, such movement will be an indicator of downward mobility. If an auto mechanic gets a job as a mechanic, such movement will indicate horizontal mobility.
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Horizontal mobility - change social status, which does not lead to an increase or decrease in social status. - this is the transition of an individual or a social object from one social position to another, lying on the same level
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Sociologists also distinguish between intergenerational and intragenerational mobility. Intergenerational mobility is determined by comparing the social status of parents and their children at a certain point in the career of both (for example, by the rank of their profession at approximately the same age). Research shows that a significant portion, perhaps even the majority, of the Russian population moves at least slightly up or down the class hierarchy in every generation.
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Intragenerational mobility involves comparing the social status of an individual over a long period of time. Research results show that many Russians have changed occupations during their lives. However, the mobility of the majority was limited. Short distance travel is the rule, long distance travel is the exception.
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Factors affecting social mobility:
the impact of slow change, such as the movement of individuals or groups from poor agrarian regions to richer, urban ones. On the scale of human history an important factor vertical mobility was served by international migration, for example, migration in the 19th century. representatives of the working class and peasantry from Europe to the United States; Western European colonial expansion, which brought benefits to some segments of the population and enslavement to others.
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Consequences of social mobility:
The social consequences of mobility, especially vertical mobility, are difficult to measure. Some scholars are of the opinion that large-scale mobility, both upward and downward, leads to the destruction of the class structure and makes society more homogeneous.
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Others contend that individuals who try to increase or maintain their status quo are actually reinforcing the class system, since they should be interested in deepening class distinctions. Still others suggest that class differences can be reduced, not through individual mobility, but through the achievement of social and economic equality for all members of society.
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A positive consequence of mobility is a more complete disclosure of individual talents. This is facilitated by the existing system of education in modern industrial countries. But a high level of vertical mobility leads to individual and social anomie.
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Anomie is a concept introduced to explain deviant behavior (suicide, apathy and disappointment) and expressing a historically determined process of destruction of the basic elements of culture, primarily in terms of ethical norms. With a rather sharp change in social ideals and morality, certain social groups cease to feel their involvement in this society, they are alienated, new social norms and values are rejected by members of these groups.
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During the period of anomie, the individual feels isolated from society and experiences anxiety; in the context of the whole society, there is a weakening or disappearance of generally accepted beliefs and standards of behavior. Many scholars are convinced that the class system of Western industrial societies has undergone fundamental changes due to the creation after the end of the Second World War effective system social security.
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increased social mobility due to rising living standards. It is believed that increased mobility has reduced class differences to a minimum, so that modern Western countries develop towards a relatively classless (or middle class) society. But other analysts argue that a new upper class is now emerging, a new elite made up of production organizers and managers from both the public and private sectors of the economy.
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The lecture is over
Thank you for your attention
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