Thailand ready-made presentations. Thailand is the world famous seaside resorts Pattaya, Phuket and Koh Samui, a unique opportunity to visit the "City of Angels" Bangkok and feel. The work can be used to deliver lessons and presentations on the subject

refund imports. Rapid economic growth. Natural gas. Tourism. One of the world's major exporters of rice and rubber. Weak sides: The economy is concentrated mainly around Bangkok. Insufficient fresh water supplies. Rapidly growing external debt. 60% of the population work on small peasant farms.

Industry The share of industry in GDP is 44.5%, it employs 14% able-bodied population... Mining The share of this industry in total GDP is small (approximately 1.6%), but it provides a significant part of the country's export earnings. Thailand is one of largest suppliers to the world market of tin and tungsten. Natural gas is produced in coastal waters. Manufacturing Industry As in all "newly industrialized countries", to which Thailand belongs, the most rapid development of the manufacturing industry occurred in the 1990s. However, the 1997 Pacific economic crisis caused a significant decline in production. Nowadays, electronics, car assembly, jewelry and petrochemical industry... The textile and food industries are also developed.

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Culture: The culture of Thailand In Thailand, any head is sacred or supreme in the literal sense of the word, it does not depend on what it is intended for. According to the Thai religion, there is a spirit in the head that protects the vital activity of a person. Therefore, touching someone else's head or stirring up their hair indicates that you wanted to offend the person. In no case should you hook a person with a foot or with a non-decent part of the body. For Thais, a calm tone is considered normal. In no case do you need friendly pats on the shoulder, but especially raising your voice: this behavior will cause the Thai people to feel uncomfortable and humiliated. In the event that something does not suit you, you need to restrain your ardor and in a calm state, quietly and peacefully explain everything. Don't try to speak loudly - you won't be heard! The language in Thailand has something to do with singing, or rather with the chirping of birds. Make an effort to sing together and take off in the same tones, it will have amazing success in the company and service staff. In this country, they are sensitive to shoes: they must be taken off before entering the temple, and into the house. Even in the case when they are invited to visit and tactfully offer "you can not take off your shoes" anyway, it is better to take off your shoes. Sitting with your legs crossed (as is customary in India or Asia) in some villages - according to Thai customs, it makes no sense even for a man. it will be considered an insult to others. There is always a smile in Thailand. Restrained behavior, does not interfere with the cheerfulness of the people of the country. In all other understandings, Thais are balanced and normally relate to some of the shortcomings of people, in any case, very friendly. They are extremely hospitable, gladly welcoming foreigners, especially if trips to Thailand make the country rich.

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Culture: Thailand is famous for its unique culture, the origins of which go back to the distant mysterious antiquity. It is believed that the first historically significant monuments belong to bronze age, and the active development of religion, art and worldview in general began in the Middle Ages. At this time, Buddhism appeared on the territory of the modern country, which underwent characteristic changes and became the original Thai branch of the great teachings. In Thailand, many typical oriental traditions have taken on unique forms - this, in particular, applies to architecture. In the kingdom, which is rightfully considered a fairy tale, you will find many quaint palaces and amazing temples, the main feature of which is the rich decoration of mosaics and carvings. The Thai walls are also interesting with their expressive decor - from the famous lily-shaped battlements to intricate paintings on religious themes... Of course, most of the opportunities for acquaintance with the architectural tradition of the country are provided by the capital - Bangkok is literally indented with excursion routes and does not leave indifferent even the most sophisticated esthete. In addition, the city strikes with a harmonious combination of antiquity and modernity - despite a certain amount of Europeanization, both the state and its heart have managed to preserve their original features.

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Geographical position: The area of ​​Thailand is 513.1 thousand km2 (50th place in the world). The population of Thailand is 67.1 million people (data for 2011, 20th place in the world). Official language - Thai Ethnic composition: Thais 75%, Chinese 14%, Malays 3.5%, others (Vietnamese, Lao, Indians, etc.) 7.5% Capital of Thailand: Bangkok (13º54'N, 100º36´ E; 9 100 thousand inhabitants Large cities: Chiang Mai (700 thousand inhabitants); Chiang Rai (150 thousand inhabitants) Climate: humid tropical, in the south - subequatorial From May to September rainy, warm, cloudy season with southwestern monsoons; November to March - dry, cool weather with northeastern monsoons; the southern isthmus is always hot and humid.The country is located in Southeast Asia, in the southwestern part of the Indochina Peninsula and the north of the Malay Peninsula Thailand is bordered by Cambodia and Laos to the east and northeast, Myanmar to the northwest and west, Malaysia to the south.It is a vast country stretching from north to south (about 1,875 km from the northernmost to the southernmost point), possessing in addition, one of the longest coastlines in the region - 1,875 km along the Gulf of Thailand alone, plus another 740 km along the Andaman Sea and about 400 - island (total about 3219 km of coast). The northern and western regions of Thailand are occupied by the mountainous areas of the spurs of the Tanentaungi ridge ( highest point- Mount Inthanon, 2576 m), Dongphrayafai, Kravan, Khunthan, Bilau and others, stretching in the meridional direction almost across the entire country. To the east rises the sandstone plateau of Korat. At the same time, almost all the central regions of the country are occupied by the vast Menam Lowland, and the southern part is occupied by the low plains from the lower reaches of the Menam with characteristic low remnant mountains and ridges. The Malacca peninsula is also mountainous - along its entire length there is a chain of low (up to 1793 m) mountains of Phuket, Luang and Bilau, in the region of the Kra Isthmus, dropping to a height of only 25 meters above sea level. The narrow coastline of the peninsula is covered with low hills with lush tropical greenery.

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Thailand Flag and coat of arms of the Kingdom of Thailand: Completed by: Semikopenko Yaroslav Yu-12 GOU SPO "Siberian Polytechnic College"

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Economy of Thailand: Thailand is an agro-industrial country. Agriculture: Share Agriculture in GDP - 10.7%, it employs half of the working-age population. The main agricultural crop is rice, the crops of which occupy one third of the cultivated land. Industrial crops include sugarcane, cotton and jute. Fishing plays an important role (3 million tons of fish per year). Industry: The share of industry in GDP is 44.5%, it employs 14% of the working-age population. Mining: The share of this industry in total GDP is small (approximately 1.6%), but it provides a significant part of the country's export earnings. Thailand is one of the largest suppliers of tin and tungsten to the world market. Natural gas is produced in coastal waters. Manufacturing: As in all "newly industrialized countries" like Thailand, the most rapid development of the manufacturing industry occurred in the 1990s. However, the 1997 Pacific economic crisis caused a significant decline in production. Nowadays, electronics, car assembly, jewelry and petrochemical industries are developed in the country. The textile and food industries are also developed.

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Architecture: Before the formation of the first large Thai state, Sukhothai, the regions of Thailand (and from the 12th century the whole country) were part of the Mon and Khmer states of Bapnom, Dvaravati, Chenla and Cambujadesh. After the fall of Cambujadesh, the Thai states of Sukhothai, Ayutthaya and Bangkok became the main heirs of Cambodian culture, since Cambodia did not have the conditions for its development. Thai architecture originates from Cambodian architecture. All Thai development artistic culture associated with Buddhism, which in the Thai version also included some Hindu motives. In monumental architecture, the main types of buildings are stupa and temple. Thai stupas go back to the Mon and Khmer prototypes (prasang, prasat, chedi; the prefix "pra" means "saint"). The basis for the development of temples is the vekhan - a building with brick or stone columns and a wooden roof. The most striking example of the architectural creativity of the Thais is the complex of temples and the Grand Royal Palace in Bangkok. The buildings located on the territory of the temples have different shapes and meanings - they are usually sanctuaries, halls for religious ceremonies, libraries and schools. The walls can be decorated with scenes from the Hindu epic ("Ramakien": King Rama 2 translated the Ramayana into Thai) and images of mythological animals. The sacred Bodhi tree is often found in the courtyards of monasteries. There are also numerous sculptures of mythical creatures with supernatural powers and guarding the monastery.

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King Rama IX of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty. He was born in 1927, joined Prestol in 1946 and has since survived 20 prime ministers, 16 constitutions and 18 coup d'état attempts. King Bhumibol Adulyadej is the longest reigning monarch in the world. And the richest King in Thailand is not only the head of state and supreme commander of the armed forces, but also the patron saint of all religions. Despite the fact that according to the constitution, the god-like king does not have real power, this does not prevent him from being the most powerful bearer of it. Some facts: The current king of Thailand is Rama IX. The king's wife is the daughter of the Thai ambassador to France, the king met her during his stay in Paris. Rama IX has ruled the country for more years than any other living monarch in the world, and his reign (1946+) is the longest in Thai history. Thailand's succession system allows women to rule; if the only son of the current king, after the death of the latter, renounces the throne, then his sister will rule the country. (Now, by the way, this is coming). The most respected kings of Thailand in its entire history are Rama V Chulalongkorn and the current Rama 9. The Thai state had the greatest military power during the reign of Ramkhamhaeng, in the 13th century. The man who has ruled the country longer than any monarch in the world and who has earned the immeasurable loyalty of his people seemed very far from the throne when he was born in 1927 in Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA). By the way, he is the only Thai in the country who has dual citizenship - American and Thai. At that time, the country was ruled by King Pratchathipok, and several of his sons were the first in the order of succession to the throne. In addition, his father, Prince Mahidon Songla, who studied medicine at Harvard University, and his older brother, Prince Ananda Mahidon, were alive. It seemed that the future King Bhumipong Adulyadej would face a more or less ordinary life in relative obscurity, although, without a doubt, strictly directed by his father, who wanted to use his education and social status to improve the social welfare of the Siamese people. The Lord, however, judged differently. Prince Mahidon died in 1929, followed by the abdication of King Prachjathipoka in 1935. Young King Ananda Mahidon spent the first 11 years of his reign mainly in Switzerland with his mother, sister and younger brother, where he continued his education until he was called to his homeland in connection with the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1946, he died, and Prince Bhumibon Adulyadej, then 19 years old, unexpectedly for himself became the ninth king of the Chakri dynasty. He subsequently returned to Lucerne to pursue his education, pursuing the study of political science, in accordance with his new role. Two years later, during a visit to Fontainebleau, he met the young and beautiful Mom Rachawong Sirikit Kittiyakara, daughter of the Thai Ambassador to France, His Highness Prince Nakkatrmongkla Kittiyakara.

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Political Development: According to the constitution adopted on October 11, 1997, Thailand is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the king. He is also the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces. The current king is Bhumibol Adulyadej. The King has a Privy Council of 14 people. The supreme legislative body is the bicameral National Assembly (parliament), consisting of the Senate (268 people), appointed by the king, and the House of Representatives (357 people), directly elected by the population of the country for 4 years. The executive power belongs to the government headed by the prime minister. The current Prime Minister of Thailand is Thaksin Chinwat. Political parties: the Democratic Party (headed by Chan Likphau), the Liberal Democratic Party (Seri Tam), the Thai National Party (Chat Haik), etc. democracy as a form of government (despite differences in the understanding of the word "democracy", for example, in socialist North Vietnam and South Vietnam, monarchical Laos and "Buddhist-socialist" Burma), in Thailand, which has never been a colony, no less nationalist rule was established in the form of a tough military dictatorship. Moreover, throughout the entire post-war history up to the end of the seventies, regular attempts at transition to democracy that took place invariably ended in another military coup, of which 17 took place in the post-war period.

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The violence was stopped only after the intervention of King Rama IX (Bhumibol Adulyadej), who called for an end to the confrontation. Suchinda Kraprayun lost the support of his supporters and resigned. Anand Panyarachun again became his successor. In the new parliamentary elections in September 1992, a bloc of civic parties won the majority of the seats. The government was headed by Chuan Leekpai, leader of the Democratic Party. As a result of the scandal surrounding the land reform, the coalition of civil parties disintegrated, and the Prime Minister was forced to dissolve parliament on May 19, 1995. Following the July elections, the government coalition was led by a former businessman and leader of the Banharn National Party, Silpa-archa. However, a year later, due to corruption in the government and the inability to manage the country's economy, a vote of no confidence was expressed in him, and parliament was dissolved in September 1996. As a result of the November elections, a government headed by General Chawalit Yongchayut came to power.

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Thailand in the late 20th century - early 21st century: Thailand in the late 20th century - early 21st century: In the 1980s, political extremism declined and economic growth accelerated. Foreign tourism has become the main source of foreign exchange, driven in part by the boom in sex work. The traditional Thai export of textiles has been pushed into the background. The rise of the middle class accompanied economic development country and determined the revival of opposition to military power, although the government of Prem Tinsulanonda pursued a balanced and liberal policy. In 1988, the post of prime minister was taken by retired general Chatichai Chunhavan, whose government was overthrown in another bloodless coup on February 23, 1991. Diplomat Anand Panyarachun was temporarily appointed to the post of prime minister. The constitution was suspended, martial law was introduced and both houses of parliament were dissolved. Parliamentary elections were held in March 1992. They were won by the military party Samakhi Tham, which nominated General Suchind Kraprayun for the post of head of government. In May 1992, anti-government street demonstrations began in Bangkok. The government declared a state of emergency in the country and ordered army units to open fire to disperse the demonstrators. This action provoked unrest in the capital and other cities.

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Transport: Airports in total - 106, including: with hard surface - 65 without hard surface - 41 Road total - 57403 km, including: with hard surface - 56,542 km without hard surface - 861 km. Only about 500 km remained unpaved. of roads Railways in total - 4071 km Water transport in total - 405 vessels (more than 1000 gt) with a displacement of 2,640.857 gt / 4,043.938 deadweight. Trade: Exports: $ 128.2 billion Exports: ready-to-wear, fish and fish products, rice, rubber, jewelry, cars, computers, electronics Export partners: USA 15%, Japan 12.7%, China 9%, Singapore 6.4%, Hong Kong 5.5%, Malaysia 5.1% Imports: $ 113.4 billion Items of imports: capital goods, fuel Import partners: Japan 20.1%, China 10.6%, USA 6.7 %, Malaysia 6.6%, UAE 5.6%, Singapore 4.5% Energy: About 70% of electricity in Thailand is generated from natural gas. The gas is sourced from the offshore Platong field in the Gulf of Thailand, operated by Chevron. The second source of gas is LNG, the main supplier of which is Qatar. The consumption of natural gas in the country is growing rapidly: if in 2004 Thailand used 24 billion cubic meters, then in 2010 already 37 billion cubic meters.

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Thailand's political system Thailand is the only state in Southeast Asia that managed to avoid colonization. Thanks to this, they managed to preserve their original culture. The state structure of Thailand is a constitutional monarchy headed by His Majesty the King, who is currently Punipon Adulyadet Abhisit Vejachiva - monarch of the Chakri dynasty. He has ruled the state for over sixty years, the longest period of rule in the history of Thailand. Despite the fact that the king has lost absolute power, he still defends Buddhism, symbolizes unity and is the Supreme Commander. The current monarch has great authority, which is often used during political crises. The Parliament of Thailand is a bicameral National Assembly, which consists of a Senate with 150 seats and a House of Representatives with 480 seats. The leader of a party that has a majority in the House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister. The members of both chambers are elected by the people. The exception is 50% of the Upper House called the Senate, they are appointed by the monarch. The House of Representatives is elected for 4 years and the Senate for 6 years.

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The constitution was adopted and repealed, then adopted again, often in amended form. By the late 1970s, however, the political reality in Southeast Asia had changed dramatically. In neighboring countries, by this time the word "democracy" had practically lost its original appeal, and a socialist united Vietnam, socialist Laos and Cambodia entered the scene, adopting the term "dictatorship of the proletariat", the Socialist Republic of Burma, completely controlled by the local armed forces. In another part of Southeast Asia - Malaysia and Indonesia, in the Catholic Philippines, the situation with democracy was no better. By the nineties, a purely military government already existed in Burma, in Cambodia, democracy was built with the help of a contingent of UN troops, Vietnam and Laos, following China, were looking for ways to combine the capitalist market with a socialist form of government, and in the south of the region, proclaimed democratic ideals were tacitly sacrificed to intense economic development. Thailand, having gone through the fire and water of the internal political struggle, already in the eighties, during the premiership of Chatchai Chunhovan, turned out to be the closest of all neighbors to the realization of the dream of a really functioning democracy. The greatest shifts took place in Thai society in the nineties. Despite the fact that the 1991 military coup d'état of the year was still "worn out" in the history of even the last ten years, however, it also took place under anti-corruption slogans, as a result of which the crystal clear and wise Anand Panyarachun became the prime minister, and after a year with a little power returned to the hands of the people again.

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Ilyina Ksenia, 11th grade student of secondary school No. 577 in St. Petersburg, represents: Thailand. 2009 r.

Physical and geographical location. The country is located in Southeast Asia, in the southwestern part of the Indochina Peninsula and in the north of the Malacca Peninsula. On the one hand, Thailand is washed by the Gulf of Thailand, and on the other - by the Andaman Sea.

Position on political map the world. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy. The Parliament of Thailand is a bicameral National Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

King Bhumipol the Great is the ninth monarch since 1946.

Neighbors. Thailand borders Cambodia and Laos to the east and northeast, Myanmar to the northwest and west, and Malaysia to the south. The maximum length of the territory from west to east is 780 km, from north to south - 1650 km

National cuisine. Fruit is at the forefront of Thai cuisine. Most of the cuisine is very spicy. Typical Glutinous Rice Dishes The higher class foods are sour-spicy soups.

Typology. Thailand is a developing country.

By Population. Thailand is not among the ten largest countries in terms of population. The population of the country is 65,493,298 people.

Demographic Policy. In the postwar years, the rate of natural population growth increased sharply. In 2004, Thailand was estimated to have 64.87 million inhabitants. The population of the country doubled in 1960-1990. Population growth - + 0.66% per year. The birth rate is 17.73 per 1000 people. The mortality rate is 7.1 per 1000 people. Life expectancy is 72.55 years.

External migrations influenced the dynamics of the population of Thailand until about the middle of this century: the Tibeto-Burmese peoples of the Lahu, Akha, Fox, as well as Meo and Man migrated to the territory of Northern Thailand.

Religion. The population of Thailand professes several religions, however, the vast majority of residents are Buddhists. The second largest religion is Islam. Christians make up 0.7% of the population. Representatives of other religions (Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism) make up less than 0.1%.

Industry. Thailand's industry is underdeveloped. the most developed are mining and primary processing agricultural products. Of the 15,960 enterprises (1958), over 60% are rice-cleaning, sawmills, textile and food enterprises. They employ 72% of industrial workers. The extraction of tungsten ores is of great importance (one of the leading places in the world). And also the development of tin deposits.

Thailand is one of the world's largest rice producers and exporters: the country annually supplies the world market with up to 9 million tons of rice of various varieties. Including the famous "jasmine rice." Other popular crops are cassava, corn, sweet potatoes, pineapples, coconuts (mainly in the southern region), and bananas. The country receives large incomes from the export of the "king of fruits" - durian, which they first learned to cultivate here.

Transport. Aircraft. Trains. Ferries and boats. Public transport: buses, taxis and metro (only in Bangkok).

Tourism. Today Thailand is one of the main tourist destinations in Southeast Asia. Tourists from Asia are primarily attracted by historical, cultural and natural attractions in Bangkok and its environs, while residents Western countries prefer the southern part of Thailand with its beaches and islands.

Problems. The most important problem in Thailand is environmental safety. The second problem: According to experts, out of 60 million people in Thailand, about a million are carriers of HIV - a virus that can lead to AIDS. Thus, Thailand has more HIV-positive people than any country in Southeast Asia.

It is estimated that over a million Thais are employed in the sex industry. The country is visited annually by about 10 million foreign tourists. In Thailand, the AIDS prevention campaign was launched in the early 90s, but its activists are concerned that the disease, despite all efforts, is spreading in an ever wider segment of society.

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