Risk under control. General concept of operational work Return of finished products from the warehouse to the workshop
For processes designed for a conditional product with the selection of complicating elements, the technological scheme is made up in two stages. At the first stage, the technological scheme is drawn up according to the form 6.1.
In addition to product processing operations, the technological scheme includes installation operations to control the most critical clothing units, start-up operations and work performed by the foreman.
Organizational operations are numbered in the order of their execution, at the same time, operations are first selected from technologically indivisible operations for manufacturing a product of Initial (minimum) complexity, and then operations assembled from technologically indivisible operations for performing complicating elements, which are assigned the same number, but with the index " Y”, or numbers are assigned, starting from the number corresponding to the serial number behind the last organizational operation for the product of the initial (minimum) complexity.
Rice. 6.1. The movement of parts in the technological process
If the repeatability of the complicating elements in the product is 70...80%, then it is referred to the products of the initial (minimum) complexity.
At the second stage, a brief scheme of the division of labor is drawn up with the calculation of the production rate and prices (form 6.2).
The cost of an organizational operation consists of the weighted average cost of manufacturing operations for a product of initial (minimum) complexity and the full cost of operations for performing complicating elements, taken into account only if these elements are present in the ordered product.
The analysis of the acquisition of operations is performed by calculation and graphical methods in the same way as in the calculation of flows (see Chapter 5).
The coefficient of agreement is determined by calculation. The matching coefficient is determined by the formula
where T - time spent on the manufacture of the product, min; k- the actual number of workers; t - flow cycle, min.
Graphically show the workload of flow operations and the movement of parts. The workload of the operations of the thread is determined using the graph of the synchronism of operations (synchronous schedule).
Instead of a synchronous schedule, you can build a diagram of the synchronism of the execution of process operations, in which, along with the workload of process operations relative to the cycle, its content by specialization of work will be visible.
By technological scheme make a summary work force, equipment and process jobs.
CALCULATION OF AREA
The areas of the cutting section, the sewing workshop and the final wet-heat treatment section are calculated based on the number of workers per shift working in this workshop and in this section, and the sanitary norm of the area per worker: 12 m 2 for the cutting section, 7 m 2 for the sewing workshop, 9 m 2 for the site of the final wet-heat treatment.
The area of the reception area is determined based on the area occupied by the equipment, as well as provided for customers and employees. One of the elements of the salon equipment is fitting cabins, the number of which depends on the throughput capacity of the salon of the enterprise being designed. An example of its calculation is given in Table. 6.12.
The number of cabins is determined based on the fact that four customers can use one cabin per hour, provided they do not arrive at the same time.
The number of booths is equal to the number of customers per hour using the booths multiplied by the customer irregularity factor (K= 1.5), i.e. 17.9- 1.5/4 = 6.7, i.e. 7.
The number of booths can be determined by the number of cutters working in the salon at the same time. At the same time, it is taken into account that the cutters work in the salon according to the schedule (one day for cutting, one day in the salon for receiving orders). For example, when calculating the number of cutters, it turned out to be 12. In the salon, they can simultaneously
Municipal budgetary special (correctional) educational institution for students, pupils with disabilities
"Diveevo special (correctional) boarding school of the VIII type"
607328 Nizhny Novgorod region, Diveevsky district, village Satis, Moskovskaya street, 42
SEWING LESSON (2 lessons)
TOPIC: “MANUFACTURE OF PRODUCTS WITH OPERATING DIVISION OF LABOR. SEWING A CHILDREN'S DRESS»
9 CLASS
Sewing teacher
Kuznetsova Svetlana Yurievna
2011-2012 academic year
Lesson type: combined.
Lesson topic:
Production of products with operational division of labor. Tailoring of a children's dress.
Purpose of the lesson:
Lesson objectives:
educational:
1. Consolidate the knowledge gained on the topic: "Operational division of labor."
2. To acquaint students with the features of manufacturing products in an industrial way.
correctional - developing:
1. To promote the development of students' abstract thinking and memory through solving riddles.
2. To promote the development of fine motor skills of the students' hands through practical work.
educational:
1. To instill in students a love for work.
2. To develop self-control skills in students.
3. Raise a steady interest in sewing lessons.
Visibility:
samples of products made at a garment factory;
slide presentation.
Equipment:
individual task cards;
details of the cut of the children's dress;
scissors;
pencil;
textbook;
multimedia projector;
PC;
screen.
Lesson plan:
I.Organization of the beginning of the lesson(1)
II. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson (1)
III.Warm-up (2)
IV. Repetition of the topic: “Operational division of labor” (7)
V. Explanation of new material(10)
VI.Practical work(44)
VII.Fixing new material(12)
VIII. Explanation of homework(1)
IX. Summing up the lesson (2)
Lesson progress:
I. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
Purpose: to prepare students for work in the lesson.
a) Check the list of students.
b) Check readiness for the lesson.
C) Set up students to work in the lesson.
Psychological attitude students against the backdrop of lyrical music.
(SLIDE #2)
A smile costs nothing, but gives a lot. It enriches those who receive it without impoverishing those who bestow it. It lasts a moment, but sometimes it remains in memory forever. It creates happiness in the home, generates an atmosphere of goodwill in business relationships and serves as a password for friends.
Give each other a smile!
Smile and everything will be fine!
(Students give each other and guests a smiling sun)
II. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Purpose: to activate the activity of students in the lesson.
Guys, in this lesson we will study the topic: "Manufacturing products with an operational division of labor. Tailoring a children's dress." Today you have to learn the techniques of operational division of labor.
III.Warm-up
What is the name of our lesson?
What is his account?
IV. Repetition of the theme: "Positional division of labor."
Purpose: to consolidate the knowledge of the students on the topic.
What topic did you study in the last lesson?
front poll.
1. What factories make clothes?
2. What is the difference between mass tailoring and individual tailoring?
3. What workshops does the garment production consist of?
4. What is a template?
5. In which workshop of the sewing enterprise use spreading machines and spreading tables?
6. What is the operational division of labor?
7. Draw on the board the layout of jobs in the sewing workshop?
8. How many operations does one seamstress perform at a sewing enterprise during the whole working day?
9. What equipment is used at sewing enterprises for wet - heat treatment?
Summarizing the material by the teacher.
Teacher: - Well done guys, I realized that you have learned the material on the topic: " Operational division of labor".
V. Explanation of new material
Target: learn how to make a children's dress in an industrial way .
A) Re-reporting the topic and purpose of the lesson.
B) Explanation - conversation
Teacher:
In factories, with mass tailoring, much less time is spent on making a children's dress due to the exclusion of manual species work (basting, tacking, tacking), sewing sleeves into an open armhole and operational division of labor.
Why do you think a seamstress at an enterprise performs an operation (for example, sewing back details) much faster than a dressmaker in an atelier with an operational division of labor?
The second main difference in the process of making a children's dress is that the sleeve is sewn not into a closed armhole, but into an open armhole. To do this, do not grind the side seam, and after processing the shoulder seams, sew the sleeve into the open armhole(the teacher accompanies the explanation by showing a sample of the product with stitched shoulder seams).
Teacher:
Guys, tell me, what date is today?
What month is it now?
What year is it now?
C) Work in notebooks.
Record the date and topic of the lesson.
(Pay attention to the posture of the children while writing; to the accuracy of the letter; to observe a single spelling regimen.)
Draw models of children's dresses in a notebook. Slide 6.
VI. Practical work "Making a baby dress"
Purpose: to teach the techniques of operational division of labor
Repetition of the rules for safe work on a sewing machine, with an iron and tools. Slide 8
So that at runtime practical work not to harm your health, you must clearly know and follow the rules of safe work in a sewing workshop.
Let's imagine that you and I are a small team and mentally transfer to garment factory v sewing factory for tailoring children's clothing, namely, children's dresses (the composition of the team is announced, indicating the specific operation for each worker).
Performing practical work in compliance with the rules of safe work.
VII. Consolidation of the studied material.
Purpose: to promote the development of thinking and memory of students.
Guys, I invite you to tell us about what operations you performed today.
VIII. Explanation of homework.
Purpose: to develop in students a sense of responsibility for the implementation of
Tasks.
IX. Summing up the lesson.
Purpose: to instill in students the skills of self-control.
Grading
Teacher:
What did you learn in this lesson?
Can the ability to manufacture products with operational separation
Labor need you independent living?
The lesson is over. Everybody's Free.
Preview:
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Slides captions:
Municipal budgetary special (correctional) educational institution for students, pupils with disabilities "Diveevo special (correctional) general education boarding school of the VIII type" 607328 Nizhny Novgorod region, Diveevsky district, village Satis, Moskovskaya street, 42 Production of products with operational separation labor. Tailoring of a children's dress. SEWING LESSON (2 lessons) Sewing teacher Kuznetsova Svetlana Yurievna
A smile costs nothing, but gives a lot. It enriches those who receive it without impoverishing those who bestow it. It lasts a moment, but sometimes it remains in memory forever. It creates happiness in the home, generates an atmosphere of goodwill in business relationships and serves as a password for friends. Give each other a smile! Smile and everything will be fine!
Child dress
Rules for safe work with a needle, pins and scissors. 1. Needles and pins must be stored in () 2. Do not throw a broken needle, but transfer it () Put scissors with closed blades from the worker; pass them () ahead. pincushion to the teacher with rings
Iron safety rules. You can turn the iron on and off only () with your hands. The iron must not be left () unattended. 3. During operation, you must ensure that the soleplate of the iron does not touch () dry included cord
Rules for safe work on a sewing machine with an electric drive. Turn the machine on and off only by holding the plug with dry hands. There should be () a mat under your feet. During operation, it is impossible to go low () to the moving mechanisms of the machine. 3. Do not place tools on the platform of the sewing machine. tilt head rubber
Sewing plan for a baby dress. 1. Sewing small parts 2. Sewing the center back seam 3. Sewing pockets 4. Sewing shoulder seams 5 . Sleeve sewing 6 . Processing the side seams 7. Processing the bottom of the dress
I wish you all good luck!
March 20, 2012
Labor operations can be divided into main and auxiliary.
The main labor operation is part of the technological process for the manufacture of individual parts or the assembly of products from them (for example, drilling the same holes in the workpiece).
A technological operation is a separate completed part of the processing or assembly process, performed at one workplace by one or more workers.
Auxiliary labor operations are mainly preliminary orientation in work, organization of the workplace, setting up and adjusting machines and tools.
To learn how to perform labor operations in the same way as locksmiths perform them in factories, one must have knowledge, skills and abilities in work.
In the manufacture metal products the locksmith has to mark, chop, file workpieces, cut with a hacksaw, rivet, thread, drill and perform other operations.
In school workshops, each student basically makes a product from start to finish. At the same time, students develop skills in performing many operations.
After graduating from school, such students work in metalworking factories, car, tractor, trolleybus repair factories, and in workshops for the repair of household metal products.
While working in the school workshop, you noticed that a lot of time is spent on auxiliary labor operations. So, in order to make a hole for the handle in the hammer blank, you need to select a drill of the desired diameter, check and adjust the machine, the fastener, spending 15-20 minutes drilling two holes.
In factories, parts are made according to operations. One worker on the machine performs the operation of drilling many identical parts, the other chamfers them, etc.
In this way, technological process- from blank to finished product- carried out on several machines and not one worker. So, in the manufacture of mounting bolts, one turner grinds workpieces to a given size; the other - processes the bolt head; the third one cuts the thread on the rod. Such a step-by-step organization of labor allows you to produce more products, faster and of better quality.
Each worker must manage the machine on which he works well, be able to quickly adjust the tool, and control the quality of the products.
In operational work, a mistake made by one worker is reflected in the work of others.
Carelessness, inaccuracy lead to marriage and failure to fulfill the plan by the brigade, shop.
At the factories, the fulfillment of the plan, and consequently the wages of the workers, depend on the coherence and ability of the workers to work quickly and efficiently. The foreman supervises the work in the brigade. He helps young workers to master the profession, controls the work of everyone, distributes work. The team in the workshop works according to the principle: "One for all, and all for one."
You will learn more about operational work when you pass industrial practice at the factory.
Questions
- What does step-by-step production mean?
- What is a technological operation?
- How to understand the words: "One for all, and all for one"?
"Plumbing", I.G. Spiridonov,
G.P. Bufetov, V.G. Kopelevich
By making several identical parts, the student quickly masters the operations. These classes work harder than regular classes. It is necessary for everyone working in a team to act quickly, clearly, in an organized manner. Before starting work, you need to get acquainted with technical requirements presented to the product, and according to technological map and the drawing to check whether the task is clear. Do not forget that when performing individual operations ...
Operational division of labor
Ensuring a rational operational division of labor. The starting point is the provision on the presence of a psycho-physiological boundary of the division of labor. The fractional division of labor leads to monotony. Work may seem monotonous if it is reduced to repeated repetition of monotonous work actions, the duration of which is short. But at the same time, a lengthy operation, consisting of monotonous cycles of actions, can also be monotonous. It depends on the structure of the operation itself - the quantity, content and nature of its constituent elements. For example, an operation of 30 seconds, consisting of 3 identical cycles of actions, can be equated in terms of monotony to an operation of 10 seconds, but consisting of different actions.
Operations with a duration of less than 30 seconds lead to adverse shifts in the psychophysiological functions of workers. Operations of 30 seconds or more are also monotonous, but its degree is acceptable.
In the operational division of labor, the formation of the duration and content of the operation, it is necessary to monitor the filling of its elements, the implementation of which involves alternating loads on various sense organs and parts of the body of workers. In this way, the most important factors, taken into account when designing the labor process on the conveyor, are:
The degree of mental stress;
The amount of physical activity per worker.
Psychophysiological requirements for labor process do not allow elements with increased loads to occupy more than 40% of the total duration of the production operation. If this cannot be ensured, then it is necessary to introduce an alternation of performers in various operations. This is one of the features of the organization of labor in the conditions of conveyor production.
Alternation of labor as one of the forms active rest, can be entered both during the work shift, and by days, by weeks (sometimes months). The choice of alternation option depends on the working conditions, the nature of the operation itself (skills are quickly or slowly lost when performing it).
Operations that require constant repetition for their performance (skills are quickly lost) alternate during the shift. More simple - after a long period of time.
The main thing is to preserve the dynamic stereotype of the employee. From this point of view, the alternation of too large a range of work is not advisable (This is not an end in itself, but a means of relieving fatigue, increasing diversity in work). Hence, no more than 3 - 4 operations are involved in the alternation.
Complexes of operations are formed in such a way that operations do not load the same working organs of a person. Positive effect from the introduction of alternation can also be when there is a change not only from monotonous work to non-monotonic, but also from the change of two or more types of work of increased monotony, if the load from them falls on different muscle groups or sensory organs.
Of course there are others General requirements to the alternation of work operations:
Alternation is introduced if the workers master the performance of all the operations entrusted to him;
The transition to a new operation must be timed to coincide with the existing breaks in work (after lunch, after rest).
The correct division of labor, the introduction of alternating the performance of various operations by the employee is at the same time a factor in increasing the content of labor, job satisfaction, and professional stability.
Norilsk Nickel is one of the world leaders in non-ferrous metallurgy. And this leadership is achieved through the efforts of the entire 79,000-strong team, whose members work mainly in the harsh conditions of the Far North.
From the control room of the Skalisty mine of the Polar Division of Norilsk Nickel, all areas are visible. Photo: Norilsk Nickel Press Service
That is why the company strives for leadership in the field of labor protection and industrial safety. The correctness of the chosen strategy is confirmed by the facts: today LTIFR in Norilsk Nickel is one of the lowest in the industry.
The principle of prioritizing the life and health of Norilsk Nickel employees is the core of the company's social policy. Norilsk Nickel officially supports the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact, which govern the observance of human rights and working conditions. Since 2003, the company, one of the first in Russia, began to voluntarily publish social reports, in which it details, among other things, the policy in the field of labor protection and industrial safety (OHS).
To improve industrial safety, the company applies various solutions, including technological ones. In particular, Norilsk Nickel implemented the Radio Communication and Positioning System project at all its mines. The system allows you to determine the exact location of people working in the mines. To do this, Norilsk Nickel actually had to "digitize the mountain" - to lay kilometers of fiber-optic network underground, to install Wi-Fi - a wireless data transmission system, to install video cameras everywhere (underground).
“All miners descending into the mine have a flashlight and a battery in which an RFID tag is installed. The tag is read by special devices that are located along the employee’s route,” said Technical Director program "Technological breakthrough" Vladimir Trapezin. Workers also have radios to communicate with each other underground and mobile phones.
Similar devices are installed on underground mining equipment and, in addition to performing location tasks, allow you to regulate underground traffic. Thanks to the developed Anti-Running system, the underground transport driver receives information in advance that there are people or equipment on his route. This avoids potential accidents.
Organized underground video surveillance allows the dispatcher to receive full information about what goes on underground. "A system has been created to transfer an almost unlimited amount of information from the surface to the ground and back," says Trapezin. Information is displayed on a graphical interface in the form of a simplified map of the mine in real time.
To improve industrial safety, the company uses various solutions, including technological
Another "underground" solution for creating safe working conditions is the introduction new technology fastening of mine workings, which can significantly increase the level of labor safety and speed up tunneling work. Support made of metal anchor and fast-hardening polyester resin, creates a reinforced layer that resists rock pressure, which reliably protects people and equipment.
Now the technology of mine workings support is being introduced at the Taimyrsky and Komsomolsky mines of the Polar Division of Norilsk Nickel. By 2020, the technology will be introduced at all mining divisions of the Polar Division. The total investment of the company in the project will amount to more than 2.1 billion rubles.
In 2017, according to the company's social report, Norilsk Nickel's expenses on labor protection measures in 2017 amounted to 8.7 billion rubles, the cost per employee - 114 thousand rubles. Only for the purchase of personal protective equipment - respirators, gas masks, glasses with light filters, special suits and much more - Nornickel spent 2.6 billion rubles in 2017.
Another resource the company uses is educational. In 2017, 39.1 thousand employees underwent pre-certification training, training and certification in the field of industrial safety and labor protection. The company's expenses for training in industrial safety and labor protection amounted to 129.9 million rubles.
114 thousand rubles the company’s costs for labor protection per employee in 2017
The company also uses innovative approaches to increase the efficiency of material feeding. In addition to the sources of information that have already become familiar - videos, screensavers on monitors, a running line, mobile structures, video information systems, etc. The company also uses digital technologies.
“For educational purposes, we use augmented reality VR technology. Virtual reality glasses allow us to simulate the consequences of safety violations,” explains Alexei Manikhin, head of the Digital Laboratory of Norilsk Nickel. - a delivery vehicle that moves in the underground tunnels of mines. It is a huge machine, it rumbles and drowns out other sounds. A person in VR glasses sees and feels what the operator sitting in the cab sees. Namely, what he often cannot see and not you can hear people who are in the "blind" zone of the loading equipment.
Virtual reality glasses allow you to simulate the consequences of safety violations
After such a session, people are imprinted in their minds: when a car appears, be doubly careful - if you see a car, this does not mean that its driver sees you.
Since 2014, the main enterprises of the Norilsk Nickel Group have been holding an annual independent evaluation culture of safe production. It helps to determine in which direction the company should move for further improvement. corporate system management in the field of labor protection and injury risk reduction. In 2017, numerous internal audits were carried out at the company's enterprises as part of the "Risk Control" and "Introduction of a Technological and Organizational Change Management System" projects.
The effectiveness of Norilsk Nickel's labor safety policy is confirmed by figures. Norilsk Nickel's Lost Time Injury Rate (LTIFR) is one of the lowest in the industry today. In 2016, LTIFR fell by half compared to 2013, to 0.3. In turn, the level of safety culture on the Bradley scale increased from 1.4 (in 2014) to 2.6 in 2017.
As President of Norilsk Nickel Vladimir Potanin noted earlier, the company's success in terms of employee safety is obvious. However, despite the confident dynamics, which shows a decrease in injuries at work, the company's management is "closely monitoring the situation and contributing to the achievement of the only true goal - zero injuries."
