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SANITATION RULES FOR FOOD TRADE ENTERPRISES - SANITATION RULES AND STANDARDS - SanPiN 2-3-5-021-94 (approved -... Actual in 2018

3.11. Sanitary Requirements to transportation food products

3.11.1. For the transport of foodstuffs, special transport must be allocated. It is prohibited to transport foodstuffs by vehicles on which pesticides, gasoline, kerosene and other strong-smelling and poisonous substances were previously transported.

For transportation a certain kind food products (dairy, sausage, cream confectionery, bread, meat, fish, semi-finished products, etc.), specialized transport should be allocated with marking in accordance with the transported products.

3.11.2. Transport used for the transport of food must have a sanitary passport, be clean, in good condition, the body of the car must have a hygienic coating that can be easily washed.

3.11.3. It is forbidden to load food products into transport that does not meet sanitary requirements and in the absence of a sanitary passport for it, as well as transport raw products and semi-finished products along with finished food products.

3.11.4. A freight forwarder (freight forwarder) must have a personal medical record and dark-colored overalls, strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene and the rules for transporting food products.

3.11.5. Washing and processing of vehicles intended for the transport of food products should be carried out in motor vehicles.

3.11.6. Transportation conditions (temperature, humidity) must comply with the requirements of the normative and technical documentation for each type of food, as well as the rules for the transportation of perishable goods by different types of transport.

For the transportation of especially perishable foodstuffs, refrigerated or insulated transport must be allocated.

3.11.7. In transport intended for the carriage of foodstuffs, must be allocated special places for storing sanitary clothes, tarpaulins. Forwarders are prohibited from placing on food products. Loading and unloading of food products should be carried out by loaders in sanitary clothes (white).

3.11.8. Bread and bakery products must be transported in trays, in special closed vehicles or vans equipped with shelves. It is forbidden to transport bread in bulk.

3.11.9. Creamy confectionery products should be transported in refrigerated vehicles under conditions that prevent the temperature from rising above 6 ° C. Products must be stored in metal containers with lids, trays with lids, cakes must be supplied in standard cardboard boxes.

3.11.10. Meat must be transported in refrigerated trucks: cooled and chilled - at a temperature not exceeding 6 ° С, ice cream - at a temperature not exceeding 0 ° С.

In some cases, it is allowed to use open auto and horse-drawn transport, in which the meat is placed on a clean bedding and covered with a tarpaulin, canvas or coarse calico.

3.11.11. Live fish are transported from reservoirs in tank cars with thermal insulation, with a special capacity (100 kg) for ice, as well as equipment for saturating the water in which the fish is transported with air. The water temperature in the tank should be 1 - 2 ° С in winter, 4 - 6 ° С in spring and autumn, 10 - 14 ° С in summer.

3.11.12. In the case of a circular delivery of especially perishable foodstuffs, the rules for their sequential packing must be strictly observed to exclude contamination of the foodstuffs.

3.11.13. Motor vehicles, enterprises or organizations performing sanitary treatment of rolling stock bodies, by order or order, appoint a person responsible for washing, processing food transport.

Sanitary processing of food transport should be carried out in specially equipped washing units or on special sites connected to water supply and sewerage systems, have hot water supply, detergents and disinfectants, cleaning equipment for washing bodies.

3.11.14. The post for washing and processing food transport should be equipped with:

equipment and inventory for cleaning, washing and disinfection of vehicles (washing machines, flexible hoses equipped with hot and cold water guns, brushes, disinfection devices, equipment for drying and ventilating cars after washing and disinfection);

overalls for washers (rubber boots, rubber gloves, rubberized apron, cotton suit with a hood, goggles, respirator);

cabinets for storing cleaning and washing equipment (brushes, washcloths, buckets, etc.), detergents and disinfectants, overalls;

a room for drying clothes and cleaning equipment.

3.11.15. Food transport sanitization mode:

a) cleaning of the body and cab is carried out with brushes, brooms or vacuum cleaners;

b) external washing of the car body - with alkaline water (temperature 35 - 40 ° C), followed by rinsing with water from a hose;

c) washing the inner surface of the car is carried out with brushes, a washing solution (solution temperature 55 - 60 ° C) or mechanically from hoses under a pressure of 1.5 atm at a temperature of 65 - 70 ° C for 2 - 3 minutes;

d) after washing with detergent solutions, the inner surface of the car body must be thoroughly rinsed until the residues of the detergent solution are completely removed, then it is dried and ventilated, should not have foreign odors;

e) disinfection of the inner surface of the body should be carried out with a disinfectant solution with an active chlorine content of 250 mg / l, exposure of the disinfectant solution to 10 minutes. At the end of disinfection, the inner surface of the body is rinsed with water from a hose, dried and ventilated until the chlorine odor is completely removed. Car wash hoses must be kept suspended.

Disinfection of vehicles is carried out as needed, but at least once every 10 days.

Note: the consumption of disinfectants is 2.5 g of the substance per 1 sq. M or 0.5 l of the working solution per 1 sq. M of the treated surface. The consumption of detergents is 1 liter per 1 square meter of surface.

3.11.16. The territorial centers of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision must issue a sanitary passport for each vehicle transporting food products for a period of not more than 6 months, for especially perishable food products - for a period of 3 months.

Sanepid service employees have the right to prohibit the transportation of food products by vehicles that do not meet sanitary requirements.

For the transportation of food, specially designed or specially equipped vehicles are used. Transportation of food products together with non-food products is not allowed.

For the transportation of a certain type of food (dairy, sausage, cream confectionery, bread, meat, fish, semi-finished products), specialized transport must be allocated with marking in accordance with the transported products.

Vehicles used for the transportation of food products must have a sanitary passport issued in accordance with the established procedure, be clean and in good working order. The inner surface of the car body must have a hygienic coating that can be easily washed and disinfected.

A driver-forwarder (forwarding agent), a driver-loader must have a personal medical book of the established form, work in overalls, strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene, ensure the safety, quality, safety and rules of transportation (unloading) of food products.

Transportation conditions (temperature, humidity) must comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for each type of food, as well as the rules for the transportation of perishable goods by different types of transport.

Transportation of perishable foodstuffs is carried out by specialized refrigerated or isothermal transport.

The loading and unloading of food products is carried out by personnel in clean sanitary clothes.

When transporting foodstuffs, the rules of their sequential packing must be strictly observed, excluding contact of damp and finished products, contamination of products during loading and unloading.

Vehicles used for the transportation of food products and food raw materials are washed daily with the use of detergents and monthly disinfected with agents authorized by the bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service in the prescribed manner.

Bread and bakery products must be transported in trays, in special closed vehicles or vans equipped with shelves. It is not allowed to transport bread in bulk.

Cream confectionery should be packed in containers or trays with lids, cakes should be supplied in the manufacturer's standard container. Transporting cream confectionery on open sheets or trays is not permitted.

Live fish are transported in thermally insulated tank cars with a device for cooling water, as well as equipment for saturating the water with air. The water temperature in the tank should be no higher than 10 0 С.

The main part of perishable goods presented for transportation is food products, which include: meat, meat and sausages, fish and seafood, canned food, dairy products, bakery products (pastries), confectionery, fruits, vegetables, etc. ...

The specificity of the transportation of perishable goods by refrigerators and "thermos" (isothermal vans) is strict adherence to delivery times and temperature conditions. So, fresh fruits and vegetables (except for bananas and pineapples), while on the road for no more than 6 hours, can be transported in spring, summer and autumn periods at a temperature not lower than 0 ° С.

Compliance with the temperature regime in the refrigerator, together with the delivery speed, is especially important when transporting such goods over long distances (1000 km or more), since for the bulk of perishable goods, sanitary norms and rules set storage periods calculated from the moment of their manufacture.

The temperature regime for transportation of goods is set individually, in accordance with the rules for the transportation of perishable goods.

When transporting perishable goods by refrigerators, special attention should be paid to containers and packaging. Types of containers and packaging materials must comply with the requirements of standards and specifications. The package must be marked with appropriate markings indicating the nature and properties of the transported perishable goods, as well as the ways of handling them. For this, certain signs are used (according to GOST 14192-96 "Marking of goods").

In addition, perishable goods transported in one car must be compatible with each other, that is, one cargo must not adversely affect the other due to its specific smell and state. Thus, the following cargoes are not allowed for joint carriage with other products: fish, frozen and chilled; salted, smoked fish; caviar; dry and smoked-dried fish and dry fish concentrates; chilled meat; meats and smoked sausages; all kinds of cheeses; vegetables with a pungent smell (onions, garlic); baking yeast, margarine.

The flasks must be tightly closed with lids with a rubber or paper lining and sealed with the sender's seal if the cargo is delivered to several recipients and it is impossible to seal the entire car. Fruits and vegetables must be presented for carriage and accepted by the trucking company or organization only in packaged form. In exceptional cases, due to special circumstances, perishable goods, the condition and packaging of which do not meet the requirements of standards or technical specifications, may be accepted for carriage on terms agreed between the trucking company and the consignor.

Meat products, as well as raw animal products, are accepted for carriage only if there is a veterinary certificate issued by the Rosselkhoznadzor authorities. Live plants, flowers, tubers, fruits, seeds, etc., shipped from areas declared under quarantine, are accepted for transportation only upon presentation by the sender for each batch of permits and quarantine certificates issued by Rosselkhoznadzor and its territorial bodies.

A road transport company or organization has the right to selectively check the quality of perishable goods presented for transportation, the condition of containers and their compliance with established standards or technical conditions, while the goods in sealed packaging are not checked. Opening of the cargo and its subsequent packing after verification are carried out by the consignor.

The consignor is obliged, together in the consignment note drawn up by him, to submit to the transport company documents confirming compliance with the standards, as well as the necessary accompanying documentation indicating in it the actual temperature of the cargo before loading, as well as the quality condition of the goods and packaging. When transporting vegetables and fruits, the name of the pomological varieties is also indicated.

The consignor is obliged to indicate in any of the accompanying documents the maximum duration of transportation (transportability) of perishable goods presented for transportation.

Vladimir Schweitzer

Changing Europe, with all the similarity of the problems facing it, is not a homogeneous organism devoid of any country specificity. Here, as before, there are leading states, there are “second line” countries that have a certain impact on the course of European and world events. There are also those who, for various reasons, still cannot say their weighty word in the section on solving the economic, political and social problems of our time.

In this situation, which is natural for the period of transition from the old two-speed Europe to Europe, which seeks to create a single market space and democratic power structures, the territorial size of states, the size of the population of each of them, is becoming less and less important. A much more significant factor is the degree of integration of the respective country into the common European economic, political and social space, the ability to find a “national niche” in the complicated system of international relations.

The concepts of “large” and “small” European countries differ. The states of the European continent refer exclusively to the categories of their differentiation by the size of the territory they occupy and the number of people living on it. True, the question immediately arises here: are there any clear generally accepted criterion-specific numerical indicators by which it is possible to determine which state is “big” and which is “small”? ...

Project

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

SPECIAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS
On the requirements for vehicles intended
for the transport of perishable foodstuffs

CHAPTER I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Objectives of the Law

The objectives of this law are to ensure the protection of the life or health of citizens, as well as to prevent actions that mislead the purchasers. Vehicle intended for road transport perishable food.

Article 2. Scope of the law

1. This law regulates relations in the field of compliance with the mandatory requirements for the safety of vehicles intended for road transport of perishable foodstuffs, as well as in the field of conformity assessment.

2. This law applies to the following insulated vehicles:











3. This law does not apply to vehicles intended for international road transport of perishable food products carried out in accordance with international treaties Russian Federation.

Article 3. Rules for the identification of insulated vehicles

1. Identification of insulated vehicles for the purposes of applying this regulation should be made by comparing documentary and actual identification data.

2. The identification data of insulated vehicles includes the name, brand, model, identification number, category, type, class and identification letter designation.

3. The documentary identification data of insulated vehicles must be determined on the basis of the vehicle passport, declaration of conformity, certificate of conformity and test report.

4. The actual identity of insulated vehicles should be determined by testing and / or visual inspection.

Article 4. Basic concepts

For the purposes of this law, the concepts established in (as amended on May 7, 2007), as well as the following concepts are applied:

Insulated vehicles- vehicles with or without thermal equipment, the body of which consists of thermal insulating walls, including the floor, roof and doors, which allow limiting heat exchange between the inner and outer surfaces of the body. The term "body" of a tank truck, tank trailer and tank semi-trailer means the isothermal tank itself.

Perishable foodstuffs- food products requiring adherence to special temperature and other regimes, without which they lose their quality and safety due to irreversible changes leading to harm to human life and health. Perishable foodstuffs also include particularly perishable foodstuffs that cannot be stored without cold and are intended for short-term sale.

Total heat transfer coefficient- characteristic of the isothermal properties of a vehicle, defined as the ratio of the heat flux through the walls of the body to the difference between the internal and external temperatures of the body and to its surface area.

The efficiency of thermal equipment for cooling or heating- the ability to maintain a given temperature inside the body of an insulated vehicle at a given outside temperature.

Typical sample- a vehicle selected for testing, which does not differ significantly from commercially available insulated vehicles in terms of design, isothermal properties and efficiency of thermal equipment for cooling or heating.

Article 5. Classification of insulated vehicles

1. The classification required for the adoption of the safety requirements and identification of insulated vehicles specified in paragraph 2 of Article 2 shall be carried out according to the following classification criteria: structural arrangement, isothermal properties and efficiency of thermal equipment for cooling or heating.

2. By design, insulated vehicles are divided into the following types:

I - isothermal vehicle without thermal equipment;

R - glacier - an isothermal vehicle that allows you to lower the temperature inside an empty body and maintain it within the limits not exceeding a predetermined level using thermal equipment that does not have a mechanical compressor or adsorption unit, but contains natural ice with or without salt added; eutectic slabs; dry ice with or without a device for regulating its sublimation; liquefied gas with or without an evaporation control device, etc.);

F - refrigerator - an isothermal vehicle with thermal equipment (mechanical compressor unit, absorption unit, etc.), which allows you to set and constantly maintain a given temperature inside an empty body;

C - heated vehicle - an isothermal vehicle with thermal equipment for heating, which allows, at a negative outside temperature, to increase and maintain a specified positive temperature inside an empty body for a specified time without additional heat input.

3. According to the isothermal properties, corresponding to the requirements established in Article 7, insulated vehicles are divided into the following categories:

N - vehicle with normal insulation;

R - vehicle with reinforced insulation.

4. According to the efficiency of thermal equipment for cooling or heating, complying with the requirements set out in Article 8, insulated vehicles are divided into the following classes: A, B, C, D, E and F.

Article 6. Legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of this technical regulation

In the scope of this technical regulation, the following legislative acts are applied, which are necessary to fulfill its requirements:

Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation" (as amended on May 7, 2007);

Federal Law of August 8, 2001 N 134-FZ "On the protection of the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs during state control (supervision)" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2001, N 33, Art. 3436; 2002, N 44, Art. 4297; 2003, N 2, Art. 169; N 40, Art. 3820; 2004, N 35, Art. 3607; 2005, N 19, Art. 1752; N 27, Art. 2719);

Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on Special Means of Transport for this Carriage (hereinafter - ATP), adopted on September 1, 1970 and entered into force on November 21, 1976.

CHAPTER 2. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ISOTHERMAL VEHICLES

Article 7. Requirements for isothermal properties

1. The total heat transfer coefficient, determined in accordance with Appendix 1, should not exceed the following values:

0.7 W / m () (.) () K for vehicles with normal insulation;

0.4 W / m () (.) () K for vehicles with reinforced insulation.

2. The thickness of the thermal insulating side walls of the body of insulated vehicles with reinforced insulation, with a width of more than 2.5 m, must be at least 45 mm.

Article 8. Requirements for the efficiency of thermal equipment for cooling or heating

1. Glaciers of class A with normal or reinforced insulation must maintain the temperature inside the body no more than +7 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

2. Glaciers of class B with reinforced insulation must maintain the temperature inside the body no more than -10 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

3. Glaciers of class C with reinforced insulation must maintain the temperature inside the body no more than -20 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

4. Class D glaciers with normal or reinforced insulation must ensure that the temperature inside the body does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

5. Refrigerators of class A with normal or reinforced insulation must maintain the temperature inside the body in the range from +12 to 0 degrees Celsius with an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

6. Refrigerators of class B with reinforced insulation must maintain the temperature inside the body in the range from +12 to -10 degrees Celsius with an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

7. Refrigerators of class C with reinforced insulation must maintain the temperature inside the body in the range from +12 to -20 degrees Celsius with an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

8. Refrigerators of class D with normal or reinforced insulation must ensure that the temperature inside the body does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

9. Refrigerators of class E with reinforced insulation must ensure that the temperature inside the body is not more than -10 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

10. Refrigerators of class F with reinforced insulation must ensure that the temperature inside the body is not more than -20 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of +30 degrees Celsius.

11. Heated vehicles of class A with normal and reinforced insulation must maintain a temperature inside the body of at least +12 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of -10 degrees Celsius for at least 12 hours.

12. Heated vehicles of class B with reinforced insulation must maintain a temperature inside the body of at least +12 degrees Celsius at an average outside temperature of -20 degrees Celsius for at least 12 hours.

Article 9. Prevention of actions misleading purchasers of insulated vehicles

1. In the instructions or operating manual attached to the product, the manufacturer is obliged to provide the purchaser with information containing the safety rules for insulated vehicles during operation, including during repair and maintenance.

2. Insulated vehicles complying with this Regulation shall be marked with a mark of circulation on the market and identification letters, including the category, type and class of the insulated vehicle.

3. Identification letters must comply with the requirements set out in Appendix 2.

CHAPTER 3. FEATURES OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT OF ISOTHERMAL VEHICLES

Article 10. Forms of conformity assessment of insulated vehicles

To determine compliance with the requirements of this Regulation, the following forms of conformity assessment are applied:

declaration of conformity;

periodic testing of insulated vehicles;

state control (supervision).

Article 11. Declaration of Conformity

1. Declaration of conformity of products at the stage of release into circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out according to the scheme of acceptance by the applicant of a declaration of conformity on the basis of his own evidence and evidence obtained during tests carried out by an accredited testing laboratory.

2. When declaring conformity, applicants are manufacturers or sellers registered in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on its territory as a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur, as well as persons performing the functions of a foreign manufacturer.

3. Tests for the purposes of declaration of conformity are carried out on each single sample issued or on one type sample from each batch of 100 units of serially produced insulated vehicles of the same type.

4. If total of serially produced insulated vehicles of the same type for any 3 years is less than 100 units, tests for the purpose of declaration of conformity are carried out on one type out of the specified number.

5. Tests for the purposes of declaring conformity are carried out by accredited testing laboratories on the basis of an agreement with the applicants.

6. The procedure and methods of testing, as well as the forms of test reports for insulated vehicles for the purposes of declaration of conformity must comply with the requirements of ATP.

7. For the adoption of the declaration of conformity, the test reports of insulated vehicles issued outside the Russian Federation and meeting the requirements of ATP are recognized.

8. The declaration of conformity, drawn up in accordance with the established procedure, must contain the following additional information:

type, category and class of the insulated vehicle, in accordance with paragraphs 2 - 4 of Article 5 of this Regulation;

identification letter designation in accordance with paragraph 3 of article 9 of these regulations.

9. The validity period of the declaration of conformity is 3 years.

10. The applicant, who accepted the declaration of conformity, is obliged to ensure the conformity of each unit of manufactured products type sample, for which a test report was issued, and also mark it with a market circulation mark and identification letter designations in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 2.

Article 12. Periodic tests of insulated vehicles in service

1. Isothermal vehicles in operation on the territory of the Russian Federation and registered in the established manner are subject to conformity assessment in the form of periodic tests.

3. Responsibilities for submitting vehicles for periodic tests within a specified time frame are assigned to the owners of vehicles registered in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on its territory as a legal entity or an individual entrepreneur, or persons on behalf of the owners who own, use and (or) dispose of vehicles in accordance with the procedure established by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as owners (representatives of owners).

5. Periodic tests of insulated vehicles are carried out by accredited testing laboratories on the terms of an agreement with the owners (representatives of owners) of insulated vehicles.

6. Periodic tests of insulated vehicles are carried out once every three years.

7. The procedure and methods for testing insulated vehicles, as well as periodic test reports, must comply with the requirements of ATP.

8. Compliance of insulated vehicles with the requirements of this technical regulation is confirmed by a certificate of conformity issued by testing laboratories.

The certificate of conformity includes:

name and location of the owner (representative of the owner) of the insulated vehicle;

name and location of the manufacturer of the insulated vehicle;

name and location of the testing laboratory that issued the certificate of conformity;

information about the isothermal vehicle, allowing it to be identified;

a statement by the testing laboratory on the compliance of the insulated vehicle with the requirements of this regulation;

information about the periodic tests carried out;

validity period of the certificate of conformity.

The form of the certificate of conformity is approved by the federal executive body in the field of transport.

9. For newly manufactured insulated vehicles, registered for the first time on the territory of the Russian Federation, accredited testing laboratories issue certificates of conformity in the presence of a declaration of conformity without additional periodic tests.

10. The validity period of the certificate of conformity is 3 years.

11. The owner (representative of the owner) is obliged to mark the insulated vehicle, for which the certificate of conformity has been issued, with identification letters in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 2.

12. The federal executive body in the field of transport maintains a unified register of issued certificates of conformity.

13. The procedure for maintaining a unified register of certificates of conformity is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

14. The procedure for transferring information on the issued certificates of conformity to the unified register of issued certificates of conformity shall be established by the federal executive body in the field of transport.

Article 13. Features of state control (supervision) over compliance with the requirements of this Regulation

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State control (supervision) over compliance with the requirements of this regulation is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of transport and subordinate government agencies(hereinafter referred to as state control bodies).

CHAPTER 4. FINAL AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Article 14. Transitional Provisions

Mandatory confirmation of conformity by adopting a declaration of conformity and periodic tests are carried out in relation to insulated vehicles released into circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation after the date of entry into force of this regulation

Article 15. Entry into force of these regulations

This regulation comes into force six months after the day of its official publication.

Appendix 1. General coefficient of heat transfer

Annex 1

The overall heat transfer coefficient is determined using the following formula:

Where appropriate, either the heat output or the cooling capacity required to maintain, at constant operation, the absolute difference between the mean inside temperature and the mean outside temperature when the mean outside temperature is constant, for a body whose mean surface area is equal to;

- the average surface area of ​​the body is equal to the average geometric area of ​​the inner surface and the area of ​​the outer surface of the body:

Units of measurements of physical quantities given in the formulas:

thermal power, cooling capacity - watt (W);

surface area - square meter (m);

temperature - degree Kelvin (K);

total heat transfer coefficient - W / m () (.) () K.

Appendix 2. Identification letter designations of insulated vehicles

Appendix 2

1. Insulated vehicles complying with the requirements of this regulation are marked with the following identification letters:

IN - isothermal vehicle with normal insulation

IR - insulated vehicle with reinforced insulation

RNA - Class A normally insulated glacier

RRA - Class A Reinforced Insulation Glacier

RRB - Class B Reinforced Insulation Glacier

RRC - Class C Reinforced Insulation Glacier

RND - Class D normally insulated glacier

RRD - Class D Reinforced Insulation Glacier

FNA - refrigerator with normal insulation class A

FRA - refrigerator with reinforced insulation class A

FRB - class B refrigerated box with reinforced insulation

FRC - refrigerator with reinforced insulation class C

FND - normally insulated refrigerator class D

FRD - Reinforced insulated refrigerator class D

FRE - class E refrigerated box with reinforced insulation

FRF - Reinforced insulated refrigerator class F

CNA - Heated vehicle with normal insulation class A

CRA - heated vehicle with reinforced insulation class A

CRB is a heated vehicle with reinforced insulation class B.

2. Identification letter designations of insulated vehicles are applied in capital Latin letters in blue on a white background on both outer sides of the body in top corners near the front. The letters must be at least 100 mm high.

For insulated vehicles, the maximum mass of which does not exceed 3.5 tons, the height of the letters may be 50 mm.

3. The date of expiry of the certificate of conformity (month, year) in blue Arabic numerals on a white background is applied under the identification lettering of insulated vehicles. The height of the figures shall be equal to half the height of the identification lettering of insulated vehicles.

EXPLANATORY NOTE to the draft federal law of a special technical regulation "On the requirements for vehicles intended for the carriage of perishable foodstuffs"

The draft special technical regulation "On the requirements for vehicles intended for the transport of perishable foodstuffs" was developed in the form of a federal law in accordance with the requirements of the federal law "On technical regulation" of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ (as amended on May 7, 2007 .).

The basis for the development of the specified draft regulation is the Program for the Development of Technical Regulations, approved by the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2006 N 781-r.

The need to develop a special technical regulation "On the requirements for vehicles intended for the carriage of perishable foodstuffs" is due to the following reasons.

In the technological chain from production to consumption of perishable food products, transportation processes, in contrast to the processes of their processing and storage in equipped stationary premises, pose a particular danger, depending on the characteristics of vehicles, which must provide the necessary temperature regimes in the food zone within the range of - 20 up to +15 degrees Celsius when exposed to highly variable conditions external environment.

The use of vehicles that do not ensure compliance with the required temperature regimes when transporting perishable foodstuffs, it causes significant risks of harm to human health and life due to possible illness, poisoning or death from the consumption of low-quality and dangerous products.

According to the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia, during the implementation of state control and supervision in the field of compliance with mandatory requirements for products in 2003, it was revealed that the main violations relate to products Food Industry(33.9%). At the same time, 67 cases of poisoning and mass non-infectious diseases, 9273 cases of an outbreak of intestinal infections were identified. Based on the results of the control, 60,062 orders were issued prohibiting the sale of products, and the violators were fined 399.1 million rubles.

A significant proportion of these cases of loss of food quality relate to transportation processes, which, due to the lack of relevant mandatory requirements for inland transport, are often carried out without observing the required temperature regimes.

Currently, in our country, legal regulation is carried out in relation to insulated vehicles intended for international road transport of perishable foodstuffs, and for this the following regulatory documents are applied:

1. International treaty of the Russian Federation - "Agreement on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on special vehicles intended for these carriage" (ATP), adopted on September 1, 1970 and entered into force on November 21, 1976.

2. Domestic legal acts necessary for the application of the ATP: order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 8, 2001 N 788-r, Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 2004 N 395 and order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia of April 27, 2002 N 56 ...

By these documents, the Ministry of Transport of Russia is appointed the competent authority for fulfilling the obligations arising from the international treaties of the Russian Federation in the field of road transport, including the ATP, which issues a document on the compliance of vehicles with the established requirements (ATP certificate), recognizes the competence (conducts accreditation) of testing stations, expert organizations and experts.

Federal laws of 30.03.99, N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 2, Art. 150; 2003, N 2, Art. 167; N 27, Art. 2700 ; 2004, N 35, Art. 3607; 2005, N 19, Art. 1752) it is established that the transportation of food products should be carried out by specialized refrigerated or isothermal transport, however, mandatory requirements for such transport intended for domestic transport have not been established and legal regulation until now is not carried out due to the lack of a relevant legislative act.

In economically developed countries, control and certification of vehicles intended for the international transport of perishable foodstuffs is carried out in accordance with international agreement The PCA, of which 40 countries are currently a member, including Russia, the USA, Canada, the countries of the European Community and a number of CIS countries.

The control and certification of vehicles intended for the internal transport of perishable food products in these countries, except for Russia and the CIS, is carried out on the basis of national legislative acts, taking into account the specifics of internal distribution transport, providing for intermediate unloading and distribution of products to customers with a corresponding loss of cold or heat from isothermal body, which significantly complicates the maintenance of the specified temperature regimes.

Experience was taken into account when developing special technical regulations for vehicles intended for domestic road transport of perishable food legal regulation economically developed countries within the framework of the ATP and national legislative acts, as well as the requirements of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" and the specific conditions for the manufacture and operation of vehicles in our country.

The regulation consists of 4 chapters, 15 articles and 2 annexes.

The first chapter sets out: the purpose and scope of the technical regulation; identification rules using identification details of vehicles and essential features of their main characteristics; the classification required for the adoption of safety requirements and the identification of insulated vehicles; basic concepts. In addition, the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of the technical regulation, which is necessary to fulfill its requirements, is given.

The purpose of the regulation is to ensure the protection of the life and health of citizens, as well as to prevent actions that mislead buyers in the sale and operation of insulated vehicles.

This goal is achieved by establishing and observing mandatory requirements for vehicles intended for domestic transportation of perishable foodstuffs, aimed at reducing the risks of harm to life and health of people associated with biological and chemical species dangers.

The objects of technical regulation of the specified regulation are the following isothermal vehicles intended for domestic road transport of perishable foodstuffs:

specialized vans (OKP code 45 2110, TN VED code 8704);

tank trucks (OKP code 45 2140, TN VED code 8704);

trailers with specialized bodies (OKP code 45 2580, TN VED code 8716);

semi-trailers with specialized bodies (OKP code 45 2630, TN VED code 8716);

tank trailers and tank semitrailers (OKP code 45 2550, TN VED code 8716).

The Regulation regulates relations arising from the fulfillment of mandatory requirements for vehicles intended for domestic road transport of perishable foodstuffs, as well as when assessing compliance with these requirements.

The regulations give definitions of the following concepts necessary for its purposes and not contained in the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation" (as amended on May 7, 2007): isothermal vehicles; perishable foodstuffs; general heat transfer coefficient; the effectiveness of thermal equipment for cooling or heating; typical sample.

The definition of perishable food products is given taking into account the federal laws of 03.30.99, N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, Art. 1650) and of 02.01.2000 N 29-FZ "On the quality and safety of food products" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 2, Art. 150; 2003, N 2, Art. 167; N 27, Art. 2700; 2004, N 35, Art. 3607 ; 2005, N 19, Art. 1752), as well as the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.3.2.1324-03 adopted in pursuance of these laws (Resolution of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of May 22, 2003 N98).

Refined definitions of the remaining concepts are given taking into account the ATP. Moreover, instead of the not recommended The international system SI units of the definition "total heat transfer coefficient" used in the ATP, the definition of "total heat transfer coefficient" is applied, installed by the system SI.

Chapter 2 establishes requirements for the isothermal properties and efficiency of thermal equipment for heating or cooling insulated vehicles, as well as requirements for preventing actions that mislead the purchasers of these vehicles.

To reduce the risk of harm to human health and life at economically acceptable financial and material costs, when establishing safety requirements, the fundamental principles of technical regulation were taken into account: compliance of technical regulation with the level of development of the national economy and material and technical base, as well as the level of scientific and technological development of the country.

Taking these principles of technical regulation into account is achieved as follows.

For Russia, where the modern production of insulated vehicles is just being established, tightening the requirements for them is impractical, therefore, the regulations must establish uniform safety standards, classification, labeling and test methods for all vehicles used for transporting perishable foodstuffs, both in domestic and international transportation.

This will ensure that the production and use of the same vehicles for both domestic and international transport of perishable foodstuffs can be produced and used, and unnecessary retesting of the vehicles used for these two modes of transport will be avoided, as well as the corresponding costs for manufacturers and owners to conduct them.

This is consistent with the practice of a number of countries (for example, France, Portugal, Spain, etc.), which apply the ATP requirements also for the control of vehicles intended for domestic transport.

Harmonization of the requirements of the regulation with international norms and rules in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade of the WTO, as well as taking into account international practice, will minimize the costs associated with the introduction of this regulation, since the existing at present, there is a production testing base of expert organizations and specialists (certified experts) are involved who carry out similar activities within the framework of the PCA throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

In the 3rd chapter, the following forms of conformity assessment of insulated vehicles are established: declaration of conformity at the stage of release into circulation, periodic tests during the operation of vehicles and state control (supervision).

It has been established that the declaration of conformity of insulated vehicles when released into circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation should be carried out according to the scheme for the applicant to accept a declaration of conformity on the basis of his own evidence and evidence obtained during tests carried out by an accredited testing laboratory.

The choice of the specified form of conformity assessment is justified by the fact that it is sufficient to achieve the goal of the regulation and, in addition, corresponds to the world practice of the preferential use of the form of declaration of conformity as less expensive for applicants in comparison with mandatory certification.

To ensure the safety of insulated vehicles during operation in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 7 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation", the following form of conformity assessment has been established: periodic tests of insulated vehicles in operation in accredited test laboratories with the issuance of a certificate of conformity.

The choice of this form of conformity assessment is fully consistent with modern international practice.

Currently, all economically developed countries, including all 40 countries-participants of the ATP, including the countries of the European Community, the United States and Canada, in addition to confirming compliance when released into circulation after the first registration of newly manufactured vehicles, are required to carry out periodic tests them during operation.

With regard to vehicles intended for international road transport, this practice is also applied in the Russian Federation within the framework of the ATP and domestic legal acts adopted for the implementation of the ATP.

The need for periodic tests is due to the fact that the characteristics of insulated vehicles during operation are subject to changes that affect their safety.

Thus, the insulating material of the body walls in operation annually loses its thermal insulation properties by an average of 5% per year, its resistance to decay and the accumulation of harmful substances and odor decreases. The air and water tightness of the body wall cladding and the tightness of the door seals are reduced.

Given the more severe climatic conditions our country, lower reliability of vehicles produced by domestic manufacturers, unsatisfactory technical service during operation, as well as a higher potential for danger to human health during domestic distribution transport, involving intermediate unloading of transported products with a corresponding loss of cold or heat from an insulated body, according to the experience of France the frequency of testing vehicles has been reduced in comparison with the frequency established by the ATP, on average, two times. This toughened the control of vehicles intended for domestic road transport of perishable foodstuffs in comparison with the control under the ATP.

This corresponds to the similar practice of establishing a lower frequency of state technical inspection of vehicles in our country compared to the frequency of inspection in the countries of the European Community. For example, according to Directive 96/96 EC 10, the frequency of technical inspections for vehicles of categories M and N is established for 4 years after the start of operation and then once every two years, which is more than the same frequency in our country.

The regulations provide for the assignment of functions of state control (supervision) to the federal executive body in the field of transport and state institutions subordinate to it.

This is due to the fact that in accordance with the international treaty of the Russian Federation - ATP and domestic legal acts adopted in pursuance of the ATP, the federal executive body in the field of transport currently performs the specified functions in terms of control and certification of insulated vehicles intended for international road transport.

International practice also convincingly indicates that the above-mentioned functions of control of insulated vehicles, in the overwhelming majority of cases, are entrusted to transport ministries.

Thus, in the official document TRANS / WP.11 / 2003/2 The Working Group on the transport of perishable foodstuffs WP-11 ITC UNECE data are provided for 20 ATP member countries, in which tests are carried out in order to issue certificates of conformity. In the same countries, tests are carried out by other ATP member countries, which do not have their own test facilities.

In 15 of the 20 countries mentioned above (including Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Portugal), transport ministries are responsible for the control of insulated vehicles.

Chapter 4 contains final and transitional provisions.

In this section, to facilitate the transition to the new requirements of this regulation, it is established that mandatory confirmation of conformity by adopting a declaration of conformity and periodic tests are carried out in relation to insulated vehicles put into circulation in the territory of the Russian Federation after the date of entry into force of this regulation.

List of sources used

1. Materials of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia for the meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation on the issue “On the implementation of the Federal Law“ On Technical Regulation ”.

2. Vengerov IA, Roshal L. Ya., Dynga IG Collection of normative acts on the control of vehicles intended for international road transport of perishable foodstuffs. Moscow, 2002

3. Vengerov I. A., Roshal L. Ya., Dynga I. G. "So that food does not spoil", magazine "Avtoperevozchik", 2002, N 8.

4. Ibraev KA, Dynga IG, Kondratyev AV Control and inspection of isothermal vehicles. - "Motor transport company", 2006, N 9.

5. DIN 8959 “Wärmegedämmte Beförderungsmittel für Lebensmittel. Anforderungen und Prüfung.

6. Exchange of informations between ATP member states. TRANS / WP.11 / 2004/6.

7. Nouvelle approche des controles vitirinaires des engins des transport sous tempirature dirigie "Qualititotale du maillon transport de la chaine du froid", TRANS / WP.11 / 2002 / 4f.

8. All-Russian classifier of products OK 005-93, approved by the Resolution of the State Standard of Russia dated December 30, 1993 N 301, (as amended by Amendments N 1 - 11 OKP, N 12/98 OKP, N 13/98 OKP, N 14/98 OKP, N 15/98 OKP, N 16/99 OKP, N 17/99 OKP, N 18/99 OKP, N 19/99 OKP, N 20/99 OKP, N 21/99 OKP, N 22/99 OKP, N 23/99 OKP, N 24/2000 OKP, N 25/2000, N 26/2000, N 27/2000, N 28/2000, N 29/2000 OKP, N 30/2000 OKP, N 31/2000 OKP, N 32/2000 OKP, N 33/2000 OKP, N 34/2000 OKP, N 35/2001 OKP, N 36/2001 OKP, N 37/2001 OKP, N 38/2001 OKP, N 39/2001 OKP, N 40/2001 OKP, N 41/2001 OKP, N 42/2001 OKP, N 43/2001 OKP, N 44/2002 OKP, N 45/2002 OKP, N 46/2002 OKP, N 47/2002 OKP, N 48/2002 OKP, N 49/2002 OKP, N 50/2002 OKP, N 51/2002 OKP, N 52/2002 OKP, N 53/2003 OKP, N 54/2003 OKP, N 55/2003 OKP, N 56/2003 OKP(as amended by N 59/2003 OKP), N 57/2003 OKP, N 58/2003 OKP, N 60/2003 OKP, N 61/2003 OKP).

9. Petrova A. P., Velikanov A. D. Implementation of the ATP in the Russian Federation. - "Motor transport company", 2005, N 11.

10. Directive 96 / 96EC of 20.12.1996 "On the adoption of uniform requirements for the Member States of the Community in relation to the technical supervision of vehicles and trailers."

11.

Hygienic requirements for the transportation of food products are regulated by the Federal Law of 02.01.2000. No. 29-FZ "On the quality and safety of food products." According to this Federal law, storage and transportation of food products, materials and articles should be carried out in conditions that ensure the preservation of their quality and safety. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities carrying out storage, transportation of food products, materials and products are obliged to comply with the requirements normative documents to the conditions of storage and transportation of food products, materials and products and confirm compliance with such requirements by appropriate entries in the shipping documents. For the transport of foodstuffs, vehicles specially designed or specially equipped for such purposes must be used. "

In accordance with TR CU 021/2011 "On food safety", transportation (transportation) of food products is carried out by vehicles in accordance with the conditions of carriage (transportation) established by the manufacturers of such products, and in their absence - in accordance with the conditions of storage of food products specified by the manufacturer of such products. "

Also, the requirements for the processes of transportation of food products are established in the following regulatory documents:

TR CU 034/2013 "On the safety of meat and meat products",

TR CU 033/2013 "On the safety of milk and dairy products",

TR EAEU 040/2016 "On the safety of fish and fish products",

TR CU 015/2011 "On grain safety",

TR CU 024/2011 "Technical regulations for fat and oil products",

TR CU 023/2011 "Technical regulations for juice products from fruits and vegetables",

SP 2.3.6.1066-01 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Trade Organizations and the Turnover of Food Raw Materials and Food Products in them",

SP 2.3.6.1079-01 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Public Catering Organizations, Manufacturing and Circulation of Food Products and Food Raw Materials in them" and other regulatory documents.

In order to prevent the emergence and spread of mass infectious diseases, the transportation of raw materials and food products is carried out by special, clean vehicles. When using vehicles and (or) containers for the transportation (transportation) of various food products, or food products and other goods at the same time, it is necessary to provide conditions that exclude their contact, pollution and change in organoleptic properties.

The design of the cargo compartments of vehicles and containers must ensure the protection of food products from contamination, the entry of animals, including rodents and insects, cleaning, washing, and disinfection. Cargo compartments of vehicles, containers and containers used for transportation (transportation) of food products must ensure the ability to maintain conditions for the transportation (transportation) and (or) storage of food products. The inner surface of the cargo compartments of vehicles and containers must be made of washable and non-toxic materials.

For the transportation of a certain type of food (dairy, sausage, cream confectionery, bread, meat, fish, semi-finished products), specialized transport must be allocated with marking in accordance with the transported products. Transportation conditions (temperature, humidity) must comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for each type of food, as well as the rules for the transportation of perishable goods different kinds transport.

Perishable and highly perishable products are transported by refrigerated or isothermal transport, ensuring the preservation of temperature regimes of transportation.

Bread and bakery products must be transported in trays, in special closed vehicles or vans equipped with shelves. It is not allowed to transport bread in bulk.

Cream confectionery should be packed in containers or trays with lids, cakes should be supplied in the manufacturer's standard container. Culinary products are transported in labeled, clean containers. Transport of cream confectionery products on open sheets or trays is not allowed.

In accordance with TR CU 033/2013 "On the safety of milk and dairy products", the transportation of raw milk, raw skim milk, raw cream is carried out in sealed containers with tight-fitting lids made of materials that meet the requirements for the safety of materials in contact with food products. Vehicles must ensure that the temperature is maintained at 4 0 C. The carriage of raw milk, raw skimmed milk, raw cream in the customs territory of the Customs Union is accompanied by a veterinary accompanying document, issued by the authorized body of the Member State, containing information on the conduct of a veterinary and sanitary examination, confirming their safety.
Live fish are transported in thermally insulated tank cars with a device for cooling water, as well as equipment for saturating the water with air. The water temperature in the tank should not exceed 10 ° С (SP 2.3.6.1066-01). The EAEU TR 040/2016 "On the safety of fish and fish products" regulates: during the transportation of fish food products, defrosting of fish food products is not allowed.

Transportation of edible fat and oil products must ensure their safety and security during the shelf life. Transportation is carried out by means of transport suitable for this purpose. The conditions of carriage are determined by the consignor. They must comply with the conditions established by the manufacturer for the carriage of edible fat and oil products. It is not allowed to transport edible fat and oil products together with other products if this can lead to contamination of edible fat and oil products. The design of the cargo compartments of vehicles must ensure the protection of edible fat and oil products from pollution (TR CU 024/2011 "Technical regulations for fat and oil products").

In accordance with TR CU 015/2011 "On the safety of grain": Transportation of grain is carried out by vehicles that ensure the safety and security of grain during its transportation. The design of the cargo compartments of vehicles and containers must ensure protection of grain from contamination, prevent grain spilling, penetration of animals, including rodents and insects, and also provide cleaning and (or) washing, and (or) disinfection, and (or) disinfestation. , and (or) deratization. Grain is transported by bulk method, in transport containers or consumer packaging. Grain transported by the bulk method must be accompanied by shipping documents that ensure its traceability, containing information:

1) about the type of grain, harvest year, place of origin, purpose of grain (for food or feed purposes, for storage and (or) processing, for export);

2) about the amount of grain, in units of mass;

3) the name and location of the applicant;

4) on the presence of genetically modified (transgenic) organisms in the grain if the content of these organisms in the grain is more than 0.9 percent.

The transportation of slaughter products and meat products is regulated by TR CU 034/2013 "On the safety of meat and meat products" and includes the following:

• In the process of transportation, carcasses, half carcasses and quarters are transported in a vertical suspended state, excluding their contact. Frozen carcasses, half carcasses and quarters may be transported in a stacked form, excluding contamination of the carcass surface.

• The use of vehicles and containers for the transportation of slaughter products and meat products after the transportation of productive animals in them is not allowed.

• Transportation of productive animals to production facility carried out by specialized or specially equipped vehicles.
  Vehicles and containers intended for the transportation of slaughter products and meat products are equipped with means that allow observing and registering the established temperature regime.

• Transportation of slaughter products and meat products in bulk without the use of transport and (or) consumer packaging, with the exception of bone intended for the production of gelatin, is not allowed.

• After the end of the transportation process, vehicles and containers are sanitized (disinfected)

• During storage, transportation and sale, defrosting of frozen slaughter products and meat products is not allowed.
  The transported food products must be accompanied by documents confirming their origin, safety, storage conditions and shelf life.

According to TR CU 023/2011 “Technical Regulations for Juice Products from Fruit and Vegetables”, the transportation of juice products from fruits and (or) vegetables in bulk must be carried out in tankers, cisterns, in flexi-tanks intended for the transportation of food products. Transport vehicles and (or) containers or containers used for the transportation of juice products from fruits and (or) vegetables must be properly equipped to maintain the required temperature of such products. Shippers independently choose the type of vehicle and equipment used to equip the vehicle, the mode of operation of this equipment when transporting juice products from fruits and (or) vegetables, depending on meteorological conditions in order to ensure the compliance of such products with the requirements established by this technical regulation of the Customs Union, and also ensure that the conditions of carriage of such products comply with the requirements established by their manufacturer. "

When transporting food products, the rules of their sequential stacking must be strictly observed, excluding contact between raw and finished products, contamination of products during loading and unloading. Cargo compartments of vehicles and containers should be regularly cleaned, washed, disinfected as often as necessary to ensure that cargo compartments of vehicles and containers cannot be a source of product contamination. The water used to wash the interior surfaces of the cargo compartments of vehicles and containers must meet the requirements for drinking water established by the legislation of the state - a member of the Customs Union.

The loading and unloading of food products is carried out by personnel in clean sanitary clothes. Persons accompanying food raw materials and food products along the route and performing their loading and unloading, use sanitary clothes (dressing gown, mittens, etc.), have a personal medical record of the established form with marks on the passage of medical examinations, the results of laboratory tests and the passage of professional hygienic training and certification.

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