The gas station, or gas station, is called the complex of buildings (structures), the main functional purpose of which the vehicle refills by motor fuel, oils and socijdes are served. Modern gas stations are classified for several characteristics:

• constructive design (block, modular, container, mobile);
• placement of reservoirs (overhead, underground, vehicle);
• location on the ground (city, road, rural, river);
• appointment:

Departmental, or fuel refueling items large enterprisespossessing considerable number vehicles (cars, tractors, road machinery, etc.), providing them (enterprises) independence from centralized supply of motor fuel;

Common use.

The difference in constructive performance is stronger than other characteristics, affect the functionality of the gas station, which requires a more detailed consideration of this classification principle.

Container gas station (KazS)

Under the term "container gas station", or a clause, they understand the refueling complex, the distinctive feature of which is the placement of the fuel tank and the fuel dispensers in a single container. The dispatch control panel is also placed in the container. By definition of the CASS consist of several storage containers and control containers and differ from each other only by the type (capacity) of the tanks, the number and type of handouts and equipment composition.

Installation on the Vibrating Filter Positions ensures cleaning of motor fuel from water and dirt, which, in turn, guarantees the protection of consumer car engines. It is noteworthy that the work of vibration filters does not require electricity costs, since the cleaning process occurs at the molecular level.

The most claimed clauses as fuel disposal points of enterprises and large construction objects or temporary fuel storage points.

Modular gas station, or Mazs

Mazs is the most popular variant of the mobile gas station, combining the high functionality inherent in the traditional gas station, and the available cost. Modular execution of gas stations provides the ability to create refueling complexes of any configuration that meets the operational requirements.

The design of the MASS is characterized by the separation of storage container and fuel dispensers made in the form of a single factory product. Manufacturers offer modular refills calculated for several (up to four inclusive) types of liquid motor fuel.

The main advantages of MAZS consider:

• lack of binding to Earth, which, in turn, frees from the training of the territory for placement;
• fast commissioning due to a high degree of factory readiness;
• the presence of two versions (abbreviated and advanced);
• positioning as a mobile capacity eliminates the need for coordination;
• high level of safety (double-distance reservoirs) and environmental reliability;
• easy service, causing a minimum staff.

Block gas station

Basse is a single design used for filling, long-term storage and distribution of fuel products. The main feature of the block station is the underground placement of tanks and the above-ground placement of fuel dispensers. It (station) is adapted for the simultaneous location of three types of petroleum products (automotive gasoline of various brands and diesel fuel).

The design of the BASS is a combination of a double-distance waterproof reservoir, monocolon for canopy and a canopy itself.

Control of block gas stations is carried out, both the operator and automatically, in the autonomous power mode. Electronic equipment installed on the BASS allows you to monitor density, temperature, volume and level of petroleum products, as well as the level of fitting water.

In addition, block gas stations are equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems, destroying the source of fire.

Block, however, as the modular gas stations are particularly highly popular with the consumer due to the uniqueness of their economic characteristics - Rationality and profitability.

Mobile gas station

PAZS is not that other than a special cargo car, designed to provide a consumer with light oil products (kerosene, diesel fuel, gasoline), the density of which does not exceed 0.86 grams per centimeter cubic, in areas with low gas station density. The main function of mobile gas stations is the transportation and dosage distribution of motor fuel.

Standard package
i am mobile filling stations includes:

Fuel storage tank;

Autonomous power supply (gasoline or diesel generator);

Fuel dispensing column;

The fuel distribution system equipped with an electronic display displaying fuel consumption.

The groove is indispensable in places of large parking lots of motor transport, on the tracks of popular tourist routes, on construction sites and agricultural land. They are successfully applied when conducting repair work on the technological equipment of stationary gas stations. The operating temperature range of the groove is quite wide and is located in the range from 400C to - dosage 400s.

Gas gas stations, or automobile gas filter compressor stations (AGNKS)

The functional purpose of the AGNKC is to organize the refueling of vehicles by alternative fuel, which uses a compressed (compressed to liquid state) natural gas.

The main difference between the AGNKC from the gas gas stations of the usual type, which exclusively implement the sale of motor fuel, is the integrated processing of the natural gas gas pipeline.

The processing process consists of the following operations:

• Cleaning the raw material from mechanical impurities and drip fluid by means of a system of filters and separators.
• Commercial measurement of gas volume.
• Multistage compression (compression) of gas to 25.0 MPa, accompanied by a mandatory compressor setting procedure after each stage.
• Gas dryer in a special block.
• Accumulation in storage tanks (P \u003d 25.0 MPa).
• The supply of gas plating columns for a pressure of 20.0 MPa.

The modern network is formed from the agncase of several basic sizes (per unit of measurement adopted the performance of the station, expressed in conditional gas stations during the day):

Stationary - 500;

Block-container - 250;

Modular block-container - 125;

Automobile filling stations are classified on various features.

According to constructive execution:

· Stationary;

· Container (CASS);

· Mobile (PAPS).

By functional purpose:

· common use;

· Departmental.

By the method of placement of tanks:

· With underground location;

· With ground location;

· With the location on the vehicle.

According to the regulatory parameters of typical projects:

· By the number of fueling speakers;

· By the number of refills in the peak hours;

· By the number of refilled machines per day;

· For the overall capacity of tanks.

Stationary gas stations Can provide refueling up to 1500 cars per day. According to the tanks, they are calculated for 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 car refills per day, by number of refills in the peak hours - 57, 100, 135, 170 cars per hour, and other capacity is possible (Table 1.1). The most common types are a gas station for 500-750 refueling per day.

AZS for 250 littering is built in tightly populated areas of large cities and in rural areas; For 1000-1500 fasters per day - in the points of intensive movement on the highways.

By type of location on the area, gas stations are:

· Road;

· Urban;

· Rural;

· River.

Road AZS Located near the roads. They must ensure gas stations with fuel, compressed air and water. The power of roadstation depends on the tension of motor vehicles on the road and can reach 1000-1500 refueling per day.

Urban gas station Placed in cities outside the central part (residential building) and are designed to refuel all types of cars and motorcycles. Power of urban stations 250-1000 refueling per day, and stations "Paving type" - 150-250 littering per day in the central regions of the city for personal cars.

Rural gas stations Provide refueling vehicles of agricultural enterprises and organizations of district centers with all kinds of combustible materials.

River gas station We carry out the refueling of aquatic small vessels - boats, motor boats, etc.

Stationary gas stations are built according to typical projects with mass-produced technological systems for receiving, storage and fueling fuel, coordinated with the State Fire Service for EMERCOM of Russia. Non-relocated technological systems are allowed, the documentation of which is consistent with the territorial divisions of the fire service.

Stationary gas stations

1.1.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

There are capital structures, including buildings, tanning columns, tanks, technological pipelines, sewage treatment plants and various technological process systems. A variant of the facilities of gas stations is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Hinged group Includes filling islands, information column luminaires, a cladding of colonnade and mounted part, light frieze in the corporate divisor of the "Customer", the volumetric light sign "Customer", lighting lamps, a transitional dome between the building and the attached group.

Fig. 1.1. Composition of gas stations:

a) 1 - attached group; 2 - production block of the building; 3 - service block of the building;

b) 1 - attachment; 2 - Module of full factory readiness building

Filling islands are made from polished or polished stainless steel and used as a base of the TRC, supports of columns, stelle and service posts in order to protect them from damage by road.

Building a gas station Consists of one factory readiness or manufacturing and service units. The production unit includes the central entrance, the operator's work area, electrical, pantry, service exit, a locksmith room, administrator room, a service bathroom, a bathroom for visitors and a security room. The service unit is designed for service.

The gas station building is equipped with air conditioning systems, heat curtain of the central tambour, telenight, heating, lighting and ventilation, electricity metering and water consumption, sewage, security and fire alarm system, loud communication, blocks of protection TRC, and more.

The technological process of functioning of a stationary gas station includes a complex of operations for receiving, storing and issuing petroleum products. In order to improve the efficiency of the gas station, the technological process can be provided by automated systems for determining the amount of fuel, control of tanks of tanks, reduced fuel losses and maintaining its quality.

The amount of fuel stored on the gas stored is determined on the basis of the average size of the refueling of one vehicle (50 L), and the number of TRC is at the cost of servicing 15 cars per hour.

The station layout may have different solutions depending on the power and quantity of the released fuel and the services provided to customers. One of these solutions is shown in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.2. Plan of gas station

1.1.2. Requirements for placement

To reduce the gas supply of residential and industrial buildings, the gas station is located on the part of the prevailing direction of the winds. It is not allowed to place on overpass, under them and on focus.

The planning should exclude the possibility of spreading fuel emergency straits in the gas station and beyond its limits. At the entrance and travel from the territory it is necessary to have a gentle-level elevated sections with a height of at least 0.2 m or drainage trays that are contaminated with oil products contaminated atmospheric precipitation into sewage treatment plants. Planning provides:

· Convenient entrance and parking of vehicles at the column during refueling;

· Good overview of the entire territory from the operator's premises;

· Analyzing zones for green plantings;

· Sanitary and hygienic conditions for station workers;

· Coordination with the overall architectural composition of the microdistrict.

Location is denoted road sign "AZS". The clause must be installed on concrete sites, concrete slabs, in exceptional cases on asphalt sites, providing fuel collection when leaking it.

The minimum gossip distances to external objects and between its facilities are accepted in accordance with the NPB 111-98 *.

Distance from the edge of the platform for tank trucks to the ground-located technological equipment, structures of canopies and technological mines of underground tanks should be at least 2 m. For technological mines of underground tanks, with a non-combustible material, the specified distance is not rationed.

The fencing of the gas station must be thought out. It is not allowed landscaping the territory by shrubs and trees excreasing in flowering flakes, fibrous substances or pubescent seeds. Near the plantings of crops, according to which the flame is possible, there is a ground coating that does not propagate the flame or a plowed strip of the Earth with a width of at least 5 m.

1.1.3. Technological equipment

Technological equipment of the gas station is located on the four main technological lines.

Filling line - A complex of equipment with which filling the tank fuel from tank truck is ensured. The line of a line included in the reservoir consists of a Du 80 pipeline with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm, which on one side ends at a distance of not more than 100 mm from

the bottom of the reservoir split fuel jet, on the other, the flange for connecting the filling line pipeline. A plot that is not part of the reservoir consists of inter-block pipelines of the receiving and pumping wells. In the receiving well placed: quick-release coupling; filter-hydraulication that performs the function of the fireprocessor; shut-off valve; fitting for connecting a tightness test system; post management. The pumping unit with an electric motor in explosion-proof version according to GOST 17494 is placed in the pump well.

Line issue - A complex of equipment, with which fuel supply from the tank to the TRC is ensured: the pipeline of the fuel supply of Du 50 with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm, equipped with a fuel intake valve at a distance of at least 150 mm from the bottom of the reservoir; Fire-Enlistry; shut-off valve in the technological well of the reservoir and before the TRC; Fuel supply pipelines to TRC. The pipeline section from the technological well to the TRC is paired in trays, excluding the output of fuel strands from it into the ground.

Deaeration line - A complex of equipment with which a fire-proof message is provided with the atmosphere of the free space of the tank. The line consists of a terrestrial section of the steel pipeline, the end of which is equipped with a breathing valve and shut-off reinforcement in front of the breathing valve and a plot laid in a mine connecting the steam space of the tank with a ground area. The shut-off valve is designed to overlap this pipeline when tighting the system, as well as to safely replace and maintain the breathing valve. The thresholds of the respiratory valve: vacuum 100-150 Pa, pressure 1400 ± 50 Pa. The breathing valve is installed at the end of the line, the height of the installation from the surface of the platform is 2.5 m. The bandwidth of the line is monitored by means of a manovacummeter with shut-off reinforcement.

Line of debt - A complex of equipment, with which the removal from the reservoir of fitting water with solid particles (sludge) is ensured. The line also applies to the full emptying of the tank from the oil residues (at the level of the oil product below the place of its fence of the issuance line) and with a mechanized washing of the reservoir in the closed method. The limit line consists of:

· Inpatient part, which is a pipeline Du 40, on one side of the subchanging collector for the reservoir fence of the supplied water, passing at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the bottom of the tank, and on the other hand, the fitting with a hermetically closed plug and intended for connecting the hose pump of the sludge or detergent;

· Portable part consisting of pumping hose, manual pump, plum hose and portable sludge tank.

1.1.4. Technological pipelines

Requirements for technological pipelines of gas stations are established by NPB 111-98 *, tightness and strength must correspond to SNiP 3.05.05, and the anti-corrosion protection of underground sites - GOST 6.602. The process pipelines must be compiled on the pipeline diagram with locking reinforcement installed on it.

Technological pipelines are prohibited to lay in common trenches with gas pipelines, fire water pipelines, heat pipelines, as well as with high and low voltage cables.

Flange connections of pipelines and equipment must be tightly tight on gas station gas strokes about stable material.

Slip seals of shut-off and other devices must be regularly checked with the addition of or replacing the seal packing.

Underground communications should have an anti-corrosion coating. Ground areas must be painted.

Technological pipelines with reinforcement, fuel dispensers and drain sleeves must be securely connected to unified system Ground.

One wall underground pipelines for fuel and its vapors should be placed at a depth of at least 0.4 m in swallowed trays that exclude fuel leaks beyond their limits.

When using double-wheel pipelines type "pipe in a pipe" with detachable compounds providing separate sealing of internal and external pipelines, construction without trays is allowed.

Technological pipelines located underground or in the free space of mines of reservoirs and technological wells must meet the following requirements:

flange compounds should be carried out according to the principle of "Ship-Paz";

the reliability of the compounds must comply with the requirements of operational documents;

compounds must be seated and equipped with devices that exclude their self-disconnection;

the shut-off and regulatory fittings installed on pipelines for flammable and toxic petroleum products, regardless of temperature and pressure of the medium, should be steel.

Pipeline input sites in tanks should be higher than the nominal level of fuel filling.

In the suction pipelines of fuel dispensers, check valves should be installed to prevent the flow of the pumped fluid in the opposite direction.

Printing, cranes, valves and other locking devices must be kept in health and provide the ability to reliably and quickly overlap pipelines. Faults in shut-off devices must be immediately eliminated.

A numbering corresponding to the technological scheme should be applied on the shut-off-regulating valve.

On locking valves (valves, cranes), installed on pipelines, there must be indexes of extreme positions.

All technological pipelines must be separated according to Methodical instructions "Capacity of technological pipelines. Methods for performing measurements. "

In the process of operation of technological pipelines, it is necessary:

· Do not allow pressure to increase the pressure above the established project;

· Open and close the valves on pipelines using flywheel or special keys, without applying any additional levers;

· Watch that water does not fall into the pipeline, in order to avoid it to defrost.

Inspection of pipelines should be carried out daily. Special attention should be paid to the state of flange and coupling compounds.

The flows of fuel from the pipeline and are rejected must be immediately eliminated by:

· Putting emergency couplings and clamps;

· Welding;

· Tightening bolts or replacement of gaskets in flange connections with preliminary release of the pipeline;

· Pipeline repair with plastics based on epoxy resins.

At least once a year, steam-air pipelines must be blocked by air in order to clean from deposits, and once every five years experience on tightness.

Pipelines connecting various gas stations forming the technological lines of the "plum-pouring" of fuel, deaeration of tanks and their stripping.

Mobile gas stations

1.2.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

They are a mobile technological system installed on a car chassis, trailer or semi-trailer made as a single factory. They are intended for transportation and refueling of motor vehicles in places of concentration of vehicles, agricultural machinery in the field conditions, on tourist automobiles, as well as on the territory of stationary gas stations during the period of stripping and repairing reservoirs.

Technical characteristics of the PPPs are given in Table. 1.2.

The groove should be located on a specially designated platform agreed with administrative authorities, to be even and to provide the possibility of free entry of vehicles for refueling in compliance with the rules of fire safety. The security markup is established, the corresponding signs of the location of the firefighter, water intake wells or fire hydrant, the overall signs of canopies, posters with the driver's responsibilities when refilling the car.

The territory should be covered in accordance with existing standards, especially the place of refueling and fuel drain, and also equipped with telephone and loud-speaking communication.

Plates are installed with the name of the duty operator, the time of operation and the location of the nearest gas station. Each column should be applied to its sequence number and the brand of the released petroleum products.

The groove is put on the traffic police. On it is applied stencils "Mobile gas stations", "Flameless" and a sign of cargo classification according to GOST 19433-88 and "Rules for the transport of dangerous goods in the Russian Federation." On the inside of the door of the cabinet is placed

Russia has about 45,000 gas stations (gas stations) of general purpose. To control the uninterrupted operation of the gas station, to be responsible for its safety, the gas station operator is called to lead the reception of petroleum products. This is a serious work with a lot of duties.

Operator and refill - the same thing?

The gas station refiner - an employee of the station, which fills the car with fuel while the client pays for the purchase, and sometimes he independently takes money from the driver and then refills the car. Working on the street, on the station. This employee is obliged to deal with the issues of fire safety, labor protection, petroleum products, car refueling. The labor of the teller is more physical. As a rule, it is pure

The operator, in turn, is a cashier, the seller of petroleum products. It works indoors, taking money from customers and running the fuel to the speakers using a computer. Responsibilities and responsibilities at the operator are more, therefore, the salary is higher. The work of the operator is mainly intellectual. It is noteworthy that most operators are women.

Working conditions

The profession of a gas station operator assumes a daily shift schedule. As a rule, it is a day / three, that is, a day of work, three - on vacation. Most companies provide their employees official employment according to the TC RF with social guarantees (sick leave, vacation).

Operator all his working day should be in a filling station.

Requirements for candidates for the post of operator

The experience of using the cashier will be an undoubted advantage for the development of this specialty. Mandatory requirements can also be attributed:

The presence of secondary vocational education;

Communicability;

Competent speech;

Confident PC hold;

Desire to work with people.

It is worth adding that in the work of the gas station operator, such qualities as attentiveness, accuracy, responsibility, stress resistance, the ability to peacefully resolve conflict situations are welcome. As for professional skills, many companies offer free training of gas station operators in employment.

Necessary knowledge for work

The operator should know:

• device and principle of filling equipment, safety rules during its operation;
• methods of measurement, appointment and rules for using control and measuring devices;
• name, main characteristics, varieties and brands of oil products sold;
• regulation and procedure for issuing documentation for received and implemented fuel;
• principles of safe storage of petroleum products and car refueling;
• ways to provide first prefigure assistance;
• basic methods of fire extinguishing.

Official duties

The workplace of the gas station operator is located at the cash register in the station building. In addition to coordination of the station, the operator's responsibility includes filling out documents and maintaining all paper work. In some cases, operators guide gas stations.

If the emergency situations occur at the station, the operator must be ready to independently solve the problem, and if necessary, to assist victims.

Conditionally the duties of the gas station operator can be divided into three periods:

• intercession on duty;
• duty time;
• change.

Start shift

Come on duty, the operator must:

Check the service life of the cash and tools, availability essential materials (cash register and other);

Make sure that the documentation for the approved list is in the workplace;

Take a reception money at the register;

Check the counters and take the amount of fuel available in containers;

Make sure that the order in the gas station and in the workplace.

From the moment of replacing the operator, the operator is responsible for everything that will happen at the station.

Period of duty

During a change to the official duties of the cashier operator, the gas stations include the following.

1. Providing uninterrupted fuel leave to customers.

2. While taking fuel, the cessation of trading with the notification of clients with the information plate, upon completion of the operation - the renewal of sales.

3. Receiving incoming petroleum products. This includes:

Study of the flow documentation;

Checking the level of fuel in the fuel carrier and the capacity of the gas station to the drain;

Tracking of a plum of fuel truck in the tank;

Visual inspection of the fuel agent to make sure it is empty;

Measurement after plum in tanks.

4. Fixing all measurements and events in a replaceable magazine.

5. Support for cleanliness and order on the territory of the gas station.

6. Cooling reporting.

7. Transfer at the prescribed amount of money to collectors, according to the rules of transmission.

During duty is forbidden to leave workplace Empty without permission of the head.

Vacation fuel

Refueling vehicles occurs with mixture, oil and fuel dispensers.

Petroleum products are provided to consumers on special coupons for cash or cash-free payment form with plastic cards. The procedure for taking into account the fuel coupons is regulated in the instructions.

Operator-cashier gas station, leaving petroleum products, should:

Monitor the health of the fuel columns;

Looking for the drivers not to perform gasoline overflows and comply with fire safety rules;

In the approved procedure, to establish the error of the testimony of columns using exemplary devices;

Track the presence and integrity of the seals on the columns;

To carry out vehicle refueling sites for cleanliness, possible spills of petroleum products, in case of making measures to eliminate them.

All vehicles are refilled in line order, exception - special-purpose cars (fire trucks, police, ambulance, snow removal, flight shut-offs), cars with perishable products.

The refueling of cars of foreign citizens is carried out on service books and only in cash.

Sell \u200b\u200bfuel in plastic canisters and glass containers are prohibited. The calculation for petroleum products is carried out via the cash register with the issuance of the check, which contains information about the cost and amount of the product.

Delivery shift

1. After completing the duty, the change is transmitted, according to the instructions of the gas station operator.

2. Remarks discovered during transmission are recorded in a shift journal. Having signed in the journal in the delivery of shift, and the popping - in the adoption.

3. After completing the duty, the operator fills the document of replacement reporting, which, together with the final check and received receipts (coupons), is transmitted to control the controlling station.

At modern gas stations, the sale of not only petroleum products is organized, but also accompanying and food productsServices. Customers can purchase the necessary things in the road: glasswater, napkins for hands, coffee, fast food products. On some gas stations there is an opportunity to have a snack, pull up the tires, replenish the bill mobile phone etc. The station operator should understand the proposed assortment, be able to offer the goods and be benevolent.

Freelance situations

• In the event of a violation of the operability of electrical equipment, the fuel dispenser or the cash register must be caused by the repairing masters and inform the manager or head of the gas station.
• When the electricity supply is stopped, the emergency-duty service of the organization supplying food, and is also informed by the manager (boss) of the gas station.
• If an emergency or situation occurs (flooding, fire, transport accident, the threat of an explosion and so on), it is necessary to inform the relevant departmental service and the management station. Further act according to circumstances, according to internal instructions.
• All external events and situations occurring during a change should be reflected in the journal.
• All errors and violations operator in the explanatory note in writing notifies the manual.

Training

On the operator of gas stations (Profession code: 15594) are trained in certified training centers. Preparatory courses of the gas station operator last 1-2 months (60-80 academic hours). During training, students get acquainted with the main rules for the work of the filling station and processes that flow on it, the fundamental principles of customer service, the rules for receiving petroleum products, prevention and elimination of emergency situations.

The training program of the gas station operator includes the study of the following topics:

Legal norms and legislative acts regulating the work of the operator of gas stations;

Types of petroleum products, their properties and characteristics;

Description and principle of work of refueling equipment;

Types of filling stations, options for their location on the ground;

Ways to control the movement of fuel, the organization of acceptance, distribution and implementation (vacation);

Measuring measurements using metrological devices (merry, Methods, cylinder);

Conducting testing of control and measuring instruments;

Requirements for cash and reporting documentation;

Protection and health of labor, the principles of energy, environmental and fire safety;

Rules for the operation of cash registers;

Professional ethics of service workers.

As additional disciplines, it can be studied: identifying the signs of counterfeiting money, the order of receiving payment on plastic cards, protection against hypnosis, ways to determine the remainder of petroleum products in tanks, filling out the acts for the return of monetary amounts, registration of the protocol for causing damage to the company by buyers, practical lessons By receiving fuel coupons, use computer Program For gasoline and others.

Form of study - full-time, includes practical sessions for paperwork.

At the end of the training, a certificate is issued by the profession of the established sample.

Salary

The salary of the gas station operator depends on the type of refueling, its remote from the settlement, from the owner, the location region and from the functions performed (discharge).

The average for 2017 amounted to 23-30 thousand rubles per month. The largest number of vacancies for the position is open in Moscow, Leningrad and Sverdlovsk regions. Samoa highly paid profession The gas station operator is in the Republic of Bashkortostan (40 thousand rubles), then the Kirovskaya (31,000 rubles) and Kaluga (29800 rubles) of the region are coming.

Introduction

Car refueling station (gas station) - a complex of equipment on a roadside territory, designed to refuel vehicle fuel.

The most common gas stations fueling by traditional varieties of hydrocarbon fuel - gasoline and diesel fuel (petrol stations).

Less common are automotive gas-filled compressor station (AGNKS) - refueling with a compressed natural gas (CNG) and a car gas station (AGZS) - refueling with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). There are also several types of hydrogen gas stations.

Petrol stations (gas stations), which are the most important link of the oil product system, are complex engineering structures equipped with a complex automated systems ensuring the technological process of receiving, storing fuels and refueling of motor vehicles. The effectiveness and safety of the work of the gas station largely depends on the level of training of operators - the main service personnel.

Petrol stations are objects of elevated fire and environmental danger.

At modern gas stations, the service is often not limited to selling fuel. Often there is a small store at such stations, less often a snack bar, as well as an ATM, washing, etc.

Stationary gas stations are equipped with lightning and lightning protection systems.

By location, the road and urban gas stations distinguish. The urban gas stations are presented more stringent safety requirements, in particular, the permissible distances to residential buildings, schools, hospitals, public buildings are strictly regulated.

automotive gas station gas

General information and classification of gas stations

Automobile filling stations are classified on various features.

By functional purpose:

common use;

departmental.

By the method of placement of tanks:

with underground location;

with terrestrial location;

with the location on the vehicle.

According to constructive execution:

Traditional gas stations - gas station, a technological system, which is intended for refueling vehicles only with liquid fuel and is characterized by an underground arrangement of tanks and their separation from the TRC.

Block gas station - gas station, a technological system, which is intended for refueling vehicles only with liquid engine fuel and is characterized by an underground arrangement of the tanks and the placement of the TRK above the fuel storage unit. Made as a single factory.

Modular gas stations - gas stations, a technological system, which is intended for refueling vehicles only with liquid engine fuel and is characterized by the ground location of the tanks and the separation of the TRC and tanks.

Container gas station - gas stations, a technological system, which is intended for refueling vehicles only with liquid engine fuel and is characterized by the ground-based arrangement of the tanks and the location of the TRK in the fuel storage container made as a single factory product.

Mobile gas station - gas stations intended for retail sale only liquid motor fuel, technology system which is installed on the automotive chassis, trailer, semi-trailer and made as a single factory.

Multi-fuel gas stations - gas stations, in which vehicle refueling is provided by two or three types of fuels. Automotive gas management station (AGZS) - gas station, a technological system of which is intended only for refueling cylinders of the fuel system of vehicles with liquefied hydrocarbon gas (SUG).

Automotive gas filler compressor station (AGNCC) - gas station, a technological system of which is intended only for refueling the cylinders of the fuel system of vehicles with compressed natural gas.

The fueling point is a gas station, which is located on the territory of the enterprise and intended for refueling vehicles of this enterprise.

Basic technical specifications The gas station is its power, which is determined by the number of refueling per day (250, 500, 750, 1000 and more refueling per day) or the number of refills per hour of peak (57, 100, 135,170 cars).

The mode of operation of gas stations, mainly 3-replaced, fueling point - according to the mode of operation of the enterprise.

The gas station must comply with the project agreed in the prescribed manner. The location of the gas station is denoted by the road sign "AZS". Driving part of the gas station should have a solid coating and be in good condition. At the entrance and exit from the territory of the gas station, elevated areas, a height of at least 0.2 m or drainage trays, discharged contaminated drains into the treatment facilities, ensuring the collection and removal of storm and melt waters. On the territory of the gas station, the device of underground premises, underground spaces under buildings and structons are prohibited. Picks for the TRC, cable wells are covered with non-combustible material. It is not allowed to landscaping the territory of gas stations by trees of coniferous rocks, shrubs and herbs, giving fibrous or pubescent seeds.

Buildings and facilities on gas stations should be located in strict accordance with the project and periodically inspect. The results of the inspection with the description of all damage comments and the repair work, the results of measurements of the foundation are recorded in a special inspection and repair journal of buildings and structures.

Technological equipment AZS in its functional purpose is divided into the following groups:

Equipment for storing fuel and oils on gas station;

Equipment for issuing fuel and oils to consumers (fuel dispensers, mixers dresser and oil development columns);

Equipment for control of columns and automation technological processes at the station;

Equipment for quantitative accounting of petroleum products;

Equipment for maintenance and repair cars;

Equipment for car wash;

Equipment for the purification of storm and domestic wastewater;

Equipment for solving environmental problems;

Fire equipment;

Lightning protection.

Fig. one. Typical projects Petrol stations: A - gas station for 500 littering per day; b - gas station, 1000 littering per day; 1 - building for station personnel and performing trading functions; 2 - islands with dispensing columns; 3 - underground storage tanks fuels and oils

Fig. 2. Scheme of process equipment gas stations: 1 - drain well; 2 - drainage; 3 - level indicator UDU-10; 4 - reservoir of 25 m 3; 5 - respiratory device; 6 - technological well; 7 --atubs of frozen hatch; 8 - well cover; 9 - valve; 10 - fuel-filling column

Fig. 3.

In the flamesometers 1 and 3 inside the brass mesh, respectively, 2 and 4 with a large number of cells (144-220 per 1 cm 2) having a high heat capacity. In the case of ignition of gasoline, the flames from the burning of the air-gasoline mixture, trying to penetrate inside the pipe and in the tank, dishes the grid into a plurality of fine jets and, giving his heat grid, goes out. The suction pipe 11 also has an angular flamesometer 10, the grid of which is a fuel filter and at the same time its heat capacity is sufficient to pay off the flame that occurs in the pipeline. In the case of termination of the release of fuel through a distribution gun with a hose 13 A permanent level of the fuel post in the pipeline and the fuel-dispensing column 12 is maintained by suction (reverse) valve 5, which is closed under its own weight of plates 6 and the fluid column pressure in excess of its level in the tank.

Fig. four. Double-wheel drive voltage and measuring column: 1 - air valve; 2 - Cepping valve; 3 - dimensional balloon; 4 - target rings; 5 - Corps of the distribution crane, 6 - crane plug; 7 and 14 - check valves; 8 - discharge valve; 9 - inlet valve; 10 and 15 - bypass valves; 11 - rotor of the paddle pump; 12 - suction valve; 13 - filter; 16 - piston of the hand pump; 17 - viewing device; 18 - shift mechanism handle; 19 - Counter; 20 - Arrow reset button; 21 - distribution hose; 22 - handle of the shut-off valve of the crane; 23 - shut-off valve; 24 - Distribution Crane

Engine fuels today is one of the most sought-after products. His popularity is constantly growing, which allows you to use it for organizing a business.

The main source of income is the gas station. You can get acquainted with the technical features of the construction of such objects in Economazs.com/toplivozapravochnyj-v-kontejnere.

Basic concepts

The gas stations are special systems intended for storing fuel with the possibility of refueling vehicles. This design consists of several main elements:

• reservoirs of various volumes;
• pump. Used to pump fuel;
• pipeline;
• control and measurement system.

Depending on the functional purpose of the gas station can be divided into 2 large groups:

1. General use systems. It includes all systems that allow you to refuel with several types of fuel. This type of dressing is the main and occurs almost everywhere.
2. Departmental. The gas station of this type is set at large enterprises. This allows you to refuel cars operating in a particular company. Very often, this approach is practiced at large warehouses.

Classification of filling

Depending on the design features of the gas station, you can divide into several types:

• Stationary. In such stations, the tanks are under the ground, and the columns for refueling are placed on the surface. In this case, the latest elements can be installed at a certain distance from the tank.
• Block. These designs are very reminded by the previous type. But here the refueling column itself is mounted directly over the tank, which is also hidden under the ground. Together they form a kind of block.
• Container. Tanks of such refills are already installed on the surface. In this case, the refueling column is separated from them and can be installed at a certain distance.
• Mobile. Filling stations of this type resemble the previous type of structures. But they have a container and a refueling column already located on one case. This allows you to install them almost anywhere without the need to arrange channels for transportation.
• Mobile. This is a kind of mobile gas stations that are installed on car platforms. It turns out a peculiar refueling on wheels. Such systems are used to refuel vehicles that work remotely from the main types of gas stations.

When choosing a gas station station, first and foremost to navigate the needs of the enterprise and the level of system security.