home Preparation Specialty "Social work": who to work with? Choice of profession. Training for a social worker in an employment center What educational institutions teach for social workers

Specialty "Social work": who to work with? Choice of profession. Training for a social worker in an employment center What educational institutions teach for social workers

What to do after graduating from the university? In reality, this question can be very difficult to answer. Indeed, even many teachers cannot unequivocally answer students what lies ahead for them. Nevertheless, for some, building a career in this area is quite interesting and even successful. Unfortunately, there are few different alternatives here. This is such a cruel specialty " Social work". What to do after graduation? Let's try to figure it out as soon as possible. After all, there are not so many vacancies offered, although positions are usually constantly empty.

Social worker

Of course, the first place that can only be advised is that this vacancy is not very popular in Russia, although it plays an important role for society.

You have completed the Social Work major. What to work with? As already mentioned - a social worker. What to do here? You will have to help people in need as well as identify and register them. In other words, to be in the public service to "spy" social development population.

A social work specialist is far from the most promising position. Practice has shown this. After all, becoming a boss will not work - for this you must have connections. But everyone can become an "ordinary" employee. Only the level of salaries, taking into account responsibility and emotional burden, is very, very small.

Politics

The work can also be in politics. The point is that many graduates of this specialty have great prospects for personal growth. And this, like nothing else, will help them achieve success in politics.

In practice, to be honest, this situation is very rare. After all, the standard description of the specialty does not include any mention of political activity. As a rule, graduates are told that they will only be able to get a job as an ordinary social worker at some enterprise and work there almost all their lives.

So don't think Social Work is a verdict. You can easily become a successful politician. Only for this you will have to make a lot of efforts. But the result can please you in every sense.

Educator

Such a vacancy as a social teacher is very widespread today. To be honest, this position is most often found in kindergartens. Graduates of the specialty "Social work" often become educators there. Why does this happen?

The point is that such employees, as a rule, very quickly identify social problems in babies and their parents. And if necessary, they are registered as a dysfunctional family. This, in turn, helps to eliminate problems and improve the atmosphere. And, of course, it has a beneficial effect on the child.

However, social work with children is not particularly popular among graduates and young employees. The point is that here you will not be able to receive high wages. And with career growth, things are very tight. Thus, only those who have a “soul” for this profession are capable of working as a (social) teacher.

Nurse

You have completed the Social Work major. How to work after graduation? For example, such graduates have the opportunity to work as a professional nurse for the disabled. The prospect is not the most radiant, but this vacancy is almost always empty.

Nevertheless, not everyone will agree to work as a nurse. Especially when you consider that, again, you will receive low wages, but during the working day you will have to give all the best to the fullest. Nurses often look like a squeezed lemon by the end of the week.

Therefore, young graduates are not particularly interested in this vacancy. They are more interested in the vacancy "hostel teacher". But in practice, people with vast life experience are accepted for such a position. Typically, this vacancy is exclusively for women over 50. So young graduates have very little chance of getting a job in this position.

Psychologist

Sociologist-Psychologist is another place available to graduates. But here things are a little better than with previous vacancies. The point is that a sociologist-psychologist can work both in a public institution and in a private one. In the first case, you will be in the civil service, but your salary will be scanty. And there is a lot of work.

In the second case, you will not have an experience of civil service, but the level of wages will be several times higher. In addition, the clientele also differs in the two locations. In the first case, you will most likely have to work with dysfunctional families, and in the second, serve elite clients.

Of course, everyone chooses what is best for him. Only in practice it has been proven that the sociologist-psychologist is quite often chosen as a private job, rather than a public one. And this is understandable - for young employees it is very important career as well as the level of wages that are not satisfied in government agencies.

Medicine

You have a degree in Social Work. What to work with? For example, in addition to all the listed vacancies, you can also apply to medical institutions. And here there are several options for the development of events. Which ones? Let's figure it out.

For example, graduates of our current specialty can work in the so-called social health worker... This vacancy implies support and assistance to sick people. For example, work with alcohol and drug addicts, as well as with people with disabilities of various categories. This is far from the most the best place for the work of young and promising university graduates.

You can also work as a psychologist in medical institution... This is a nicer place. Usually, it is for this position that employees are hired for whom it is important to work in medicine, but at the same time have a degree in sociology.

Conclusion

Today we figured out what kind of specialty "Social work", by whom to work, and also what places are chosen by graduates most often. To be honest, in practice it turns out that very few people work on the diploma of this direction.

Often it is enough just to get at least some higher education in order to work in one place or another. For example, sociologists are very often found as managers, waiters, and cashiers. That is, with this diploma, you can find a job wherever you want. But in most cases, only an ordinary employee.

Practice of social work in the field higher education arose and received its development as a response to the accumulated burden of problems in the functioning high school and already today requires, along with practical actions, serious theoretical comprehension. This is primarily due to the fact that, being a fundamentally significant organic part of the education sector as a whole, higher education is an important social institution that provides upbringing, education and training. It is the basis for the socio-economic development of any state and without its successful functioning, which implies constant improvement, the progress of society is impossible.

The modern conditions of the protracted complex crisis of the life of our society, which has seriously affected both the sphere of higher education and its individual elements, dictates its own rules for the formation of the direction of social work in this area.

The situation associated with the process of democratization of the life of our society, with structural shifts in the economy, with the development of regional labor markets, actualizes the problem of reforming higher education and social work in higher education in order to overcome existing and emerging difficulties and contradictions in the development of the higher education system.

Social work in the field of higher education is entirely dependent on the processes that the university itself is going through. The effectiveness of the results of social work in it depends on the degree of development of the higher education system. This is due to the fact that higher education today fulfills several roles in relation to the implementation of social work. Firstly, it acts as a basic environment for the implementation of social work, secondly, it is a source of social work as a type of activity, thirdly, it is a subject of social work as a science and educational process, since many universities in Ukraine are training specialists in social work. That is why it is fundamentally important to analyze the development process modern system higher education.

Let us consider the higher school of Ukraine as the fundamental basis for the formation of social work in the field of higher education. Let us analyze the potential, the capabilities of a modern university in the field of social work.

In this aspect, a number of main trends can be identified that are characteristic of the current stage of the evolution of higher education:

1) the quantitative growth of higher education institutions;
2) democratization of universities;
3) differentiation of the "internal university field";
4) transformation of socially significant functions of a modern university.

The listed tendencies are associated with the course of ambiguous, contradictory processes, therefore, they are rightly both constructive and radically opposite in nature. On the one hand, they give rise to more and more difficulties and problems of subjects of higher education, on the other hand, they contribute to the search for innovative approaches to the implementation of social work, expanding the spectrum social services adequate to emerging problems.

The realities of today are the quantitative growth of higher educational institutions of both state and commercial type: the fact that institutions receive the status of universities, an increase in the number of different profiles of academies has become popular. In addition, in modern higher education, in contrast to the Soviet period, the following levels are distinguished: incomplete higher education - 3 years; bachelor's degree - 4 years; specialist - 1 year; Master's degree - 1-2 years. There are also budget and commercial form learning.

The network of non-state universities has become today an important component of higher education, one of the reasons for the creation and development of which was the contradictions that arose in the early 90s between the increased demand of the population for educational services and the impossibility of implementing it by the state. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were more than 200 non-state higher educational institutions in Ukraine. Currently, these indicators have increased and have a growth trend. This situation has ambiguous and even paradoxical consequences. On the one hand, today, in the context of reduced budgetary funding for state universities, the existence and development of non-state educational institutions is a way out of the existing contradictions. The increase in the number of higher educational institutions contributes to the expansion of the scope of educational services. But, on the other hand, the commercialization of higher education initially puts applicants from well-to-do families and families of middle and low incomes in unequal conditions, since tuition fees are not acceptable for all strata of society.

Thus, the upward trend in the number of universities expands the range of educational services only for "solvent" applicants. For the rest, the development of the situation in a similar vein only reduces the degree of accessibility of higher education. A significant reduction in places for free education leads to a high degree of corruption in the structures of higher education, which aggravates the current situation in the educational services market and does not allow applicants who do not have "socially useful" connections to enroll in the budgetary form of education at a state university. This situation has led to the development of options for solving the problem of accessibility of higher education. One of these options was the Unified State Exam introduced for school graduates.

In addition, we must not forget about the failed attempt to increase the number of higher educational institutions in our country in 1917-1918. When new universities grew up everywhere in huge numbers. Individual counties have made requests for the creation of dozens and even hundreds of universities at once. Whipped up these educational establishments they had nothing to do with real universities. Under the name "university" one could find something like factories where various general education and special courses (accounting, agronomic) were located. A similar situation may arise in the modern domestic education system. In the process of increasing quantitative indicators, universities are not insured against a decrease in the quality of education.

In addition, a higher school, for the sake of new fashionable hobbies, responding to the interested demand of applicants in obtaining such new specialties as a manager, marketer, image-maker, sociologist, political scientist, philosopher or psychologist, advertising specialist, etc., prepares in large volumes specialists of the listed specialties without taking into account the real demand of the labor market for them. In this regard, the urgency of the problem of employment in accordance with the received specialty in a higher educational institution is growing among university graduates.

The consequence of the processes considered is the increase in the importance of developing innovative approaches to the organizational restructuring of the university.

Being an integral part of education as a social phenomenon, higher education, focused on the formation of the personality, performs the most important functions of socialization and professionalization of a person. Currently, in addition to their main educational function, universities are taking on a number of other functions. First, the function social protection, since higher educational institutions today really protect a certain part of young people from unemployment and conscription into military service, which is less and less respected by the majority. Secondly, the social value of higher education has increased, therefore it serves as an important channel for movement in society, a kind of social "elevator" that increases not only social mobility, but also the social stratification of society. Thirdly, modern higher education is often not vocationally specialized, but a condition for professional self-determination.

Competition in the market (global, state, regional), reduction government funding, the growing contradiction between expensive sciences, research, the need for mass education and regional problems - all this together contributes to the development of the university's entrepreneurial model. This "achievement" belongs to the category of "disputable", in many respects it is forced, and is not characteristic of most universities.

The nature of social work in the field of higher education is also directly related to the process of differentiation of the "internal university field". Here, the central integral aggregate activity can be linked to generally accepted sociological laws. For example, "from more homogeneous to more heterogeneous": for teachers - the professionalism of the teaching staff, the actual remuneration of their labor, the university provides an opportunity for the growth and implementation of their scientific ideas; for students - attitude to the educational process (attendance, individual schedule, violation of labor discipline), really acquired knowledge, social activity; for management personnel - the dissemination of social myth-making about steady qualitative improvement; about a significant decrease in the real rights and opportunities of departments, a sharp differentiation in the levels of salaries; about controversial relationships.

Because the current situation influences the emergence of specific problems of the main subjects of higher education, which include the teaching staff, students, graduate students and doctoral students, university employees - the development of social work in the field of higher education is especially relevant and acts as one of the main factors influencing the success and effectiveness of the training and education of the future generation of the intelligentsia.

Let us consider the mechanisms, subjects, means and methods of social work in the field of higher education on the example of universities in which it is already carried out.

The teacher acts as the central figure of the educational process, as one of its main subjects. The pedagogical skill of the teaching staff is largely determined by the improvement in the quality of training of young specialists. The necessary characteristics of the activities of a teacher of a higher educational institution, contributing to the development of higher education, are: the use of innovations and innovations in the content and forms of educational material, methods of monitoring students' knowledge, non-standard ways of attracting students to scientific work; high level of professionalism. These requirements can be met by the teacher only if there are appropriate conditions for the implementation professional activity... In turn, measures to create favorable conditions for the life of teachers are the main tasks of social work in the field of higher education in relation to this category of citizens:

1. Provision high level organization and maintenance of the educational process, which consists in access to new, modern sources of information; in the provision of bibliographic and educational materials, in access to the use in the educational process of modern information technologies, to the possibility of professional growth of the teacher's personality, access to opportunities for continuing education and, finally, in the level of stimulating the teacher's activities, first of all financial plan through the size of wages. The most widespread type of teachers today are “poor but smart” (with the exception of the managerial elite of universities), who are forced to work under conditions of constant overload (additional salaries, hourly pay, etc.).
2. Organization of life, leisure and recreation: housing, medical care, access to resources of psychological, emotional and physical recovery.
3. Providing the opportunity to self-actualize and realize their own potential through the publication of their own educational and methodological manuals, workshops, monographs.

It is clear that scientific and pedagogical growth, rest, health and conscientious observance their responsibilities in the context of the development of modern higher school are very problematic. Feeling humiliated and forgotten by the authorities, the teacher, knowing that he is needed by the student, the culture and the future, makes compromises. But he is often forced to lower his demands on himself and on students.

Conditions considered effective operation faculty members are far from the same with respect to the entire faculty. Therefore, the problems and their significance for each individual teacher are different. In turn, this leads to the differentiation of this professional group and to the actualization of the individual, targeted orientation of social work in relation to teachers at the university.

The reasons for the differentiation of teachers by the nature of the problems are associated, firstly, with the financial problems of state universities, since teachers commercial structures in this regard, higher education institutions are in an order of magnitude better conditions than teachers of state higher educational institutions. Secondly, the sign of localization plays an important role in the existence different conditions regarding the listed bases of differentiation between teachers of large capital universities and teachers from among the employees of peripheral higher education. Third, teachers can also be categorized by age. According to the concept of teaching, conservatives and innovators can be distinguished, but this is already the reason for the subjective nature of the differentiation of the teaching staff of higher education.

Another no less significant figure in the university, along with the teacher, is the object of study - the student body. With regard to this participant in the educational process in higher education, a far-reaching ambiguous situation is developing. This is because modern conditions, in which the professional development of today's student takes place, have changed this social group, its main characteristics and distinctive features.

The traditional position on the definition of students, formulated by L. Ya. Rubina, is becoming less and less relevant: “By uniting young people of approximately the same age and the same level of education, students differ from other groups of students in a number of features: forms of organization of their life, concentration in large university centers, "localization of the way of life within the walls" of the university, vstudent group, vhostels, relative independence in the choice of methods of activity in classroom and extracurricular time.

In the aspect of the realities of today, the interpretation of the definition of students proposed by T.E. Petrova is adequate, which defines students as a relatively special and independent social group of a non-productive, socially active nature, and suggests, in the light of modern scientific approaches, to abandon ideas about students as a transitional, marginal, homogeneous, localized in time and space social group in favor of defining it as a heterogeneous, internally differentiated, socio-cultural community with many of its inherent ways and styles of life.

Indeed, many characteristics, features of student life have changed today. This led to the realization that a unified approach of social work in relation to the student body cannot be effective, since the differentiation, in general, of the student body as a social group leads to the differentiation of student problems and the degree of their relevance for each individual student. Therefore, as well as in relation to teachers, social work in the field of higher education in relation to students should be based, first of all, on an individual approach.

In order to analyze the nature of the problems that social work should be adequate to, it is necessary to consider the signs of differentiation of modern students:

- floor;
- age, course;
- nationality;
- place of residence (city, village; proximity to parents);
- living conditions (hostel, apartment, private house);
- university, specialty (technical, humanitarian; metropolitan, peripheral; commercial, state);
- form of education;
- employment;
- belonging to youth subcultures;
- motivation for learning;
- social activity;
- academic performance; attitude to research activities
- marital status and etc.

The listed foundations of student differentiation determine the nature of the problems and their significance for a particular group of students.

In addition, the spectrum of student problems can be viewed through the prism of various activities:

Types of student life

In this aspect, in each of the activities, the student faces certain problems, and since it is very difficult to define clear boundaries, and the types and spheres of the student's life are closely intertwined and superimposed on each other, overlap, therefore, relevant in the field of studying student problems is social field theory. Considering society as a multidimensional space, the theory of the social field places special emphasis on its characteristics, which can be objectively observed and changed.

A social agent, having a fixed position in space, can also occupy positions in several social fields. At the same time, a structured space of positions is represented under the social field, which determine the main properties of the field. Each field has its own logic, its own rules, its properties, its own specific patterns.

The field of students' problems is part of the social space, organically enters into it and represents an organizational formation, a certain complex, a complex construct. This structure contains the nodes of problems with numerous factors, forces, the influence of which is multidirectional and heterogeneous, with connections between factors, nodes and the external environment, with the student's personality as a part of the individual field of problems.

The complexity of a problem situation for a student is that he needs to reflect on his state in different dynamic fields. The ability of young people for reflective activity is different. If it is low, then the student is unable to identify the problems he has. Conversely, a developed reflexive ability leads to an excess of problems. The eventful nature of the field determines its constant changes. Any changes irreversibly cause a chain reaction effect. The whole configuration will start moving and, possibly, will stop only when it finds some optimal state for itself. The transition to field theory means that society as a whole and students separately should be studied not as a stable, static state, but as an endless process of changes, not as a rigid fixed object, but as an endless stream of events. The complexity of the field of students' life problems is also related to the fact that it is almost impossible to determine the options for its further development.

The study of the problems of the subjects of higher education, the study of their natural causality makes it possible to form targeted, more effective, demanded social work in the field of higher education, and allow both the student and the teacher to determine the most optimal subject of assistance, in each individual case, for each specific problem. The whole spectrum of subjects of social work in the field of higher education can be represented as follows:

Link number 1

Subjects of social work in the field of higher education

Let us characterize each link of the subjects of social work in the field of higher education, presented in the diagram.

Link number 1 represented by authorities at various levels: state, regional and local. The main task of the activity of this link of subjects of social work in the field of higher education is to create conditions for the implementation of social work.

Activity state, regional bodies of legislative and executive power is aimed at developing effective legal mechanisms that allow in practice to implement the model of social work in the field of higher education:

* creation of an effective regulatory framework in the field of social work in the field of higher education;
* creation of conditions for the administration of the university to carry out social work in the area under consideration;
* the formation of state incentives for the activities of teachers through a decision on state level problems of housing, improving the material well-being of teachers;
* the formation of a system of incentives at the state level for teaching students, for example, through ensuring the employment of university graduates;
* creation of conditions for the implementation of charitable activities, non-profit organizations in providing social assistance and the provision of social services to subjects of higher education;
* stimulation of the activities of sponsors and patrons in the field of organizing social assistance to higher education.

In addition, the activities of state and regional authorities to improve the well-being of the population of the entire country contributes to the strengthening of one of the significant subjects of assistance in the field of higher education - the family.

Administration of the university, faculty, departments and structural divisions of the university have the main task of activities in the field of social work the formation of favorable conditions for the functioning of subjects of higher education. This means that these authorities carry out activities to solve problems related to the organization of the educational process:

* ensuring a sufficient auditorium fund,
* provision of modern facilities for teaching and learning,
* creating conditions for the professional growth of teachers,
* providing students with the necessary amount of a source base for training (educational, methodological, statistical, reference and other literature, periodicals, modern sources of information - the Internet, information on electronic media, etc.),
* promoting the introduction of innovative teaching methods in universities,
* introduction into the structure of the university of a body dealing with issues of social protection.

Link number 2 represented by the subjects of assistance who participate in the implementation of social work "from the outside", with the exception of public organizations, the functioning of which is possible both within the university and outside it. Public organizations are called upon to implement social work through the provision of various types of social assistance. Trade union student organizations and public student organizations are examples of such organizations. There are no fundamental differences in approaches to the activities of trade union and public organizations of students, however, trade unions focus in their activities on solving social issues students, public associations direct their efforts towards supporting socially significant initiatives of student youth, creating conditions for the comprehensive self-realization of students.

A special form of student social movement are student squads. The student team today is a special positive youth environment, whose members are focused on socially significant activities. Performing various social, educational, labor functions, members of student teams have a real opportunity to implement their own labor and social initiatives. In addition, activity in the detachments creates real opportunities for students in self-improvement and self-development. For many young people, a student squad is not only an opportunity to practice in professional activity, which is also important, but also to reveal the qualities of an organizational and managerial nature.

Teachers can act in the activities of such organizations in the role of organizer and curator (student public organizations), in the role of an object of assistance (trade union organization of teachers; public organizations whose activities are to provide social assistance to teachers, in particular, elderly teachers, for example.

Another subject of assistance, which also applies to Call number 2, is the family, close relatives.

First of all, it is necessary to point out the importance of the family as a whole for the subjects of higher education as individuals, as individuals. Particularly important is that moral, psychological, emotional foundation of the personality, which is laid by means of socialization in the family. This largely determines the worldview position, perception, and reaction of the individual to the difficulties and difficulties that arise. An illustration can be a reaction of different content and emotional color to the same problems in different students, or rather, students from different families. In one case, the disorder in everyday life, for example, can cause panic and confusion, in the other - an optimistic attitude and readiness to overcome difficulties. This example is also a striking indicator of the importance of the family in the process of preparing a student to some extent for an independent life, instilling in him practical skills of self-service. Thus, the family indirectly influences not only the process of overcoming student problems, but also the nature of their occurrence, the degree of their significance.

The material capabilities of the parental family continue to have a direct impact on the solution of student problems throughout the entire learning process. The microclimate that develops in the parental family also largely influences both the student's academic performance and the solution of his personal and psychological problems. A successful, complete family has a beneficial effect on the student's personality and on his mutual relations with others. The translation of the behavioral stereotypes formed in the parental family determines the student's position in the academic group, at the faculty, influences the perception of him by those around him, the formation of attitudes towards him.

The importance of the family in solving student problems increases when it comes to the fact that, given the opportunity to apply to various authorities, there is no confidence in solving the problem. Whereas the degree of confidence in help from relatives and families is several times higher than the confidence in the satisfaction of needs from any other authority.

If we consider the student's family, not the parental family, as the subject of assistance, then it acts not only as the subject of solving student problems, but also as an aggravating factor. The modern development of our society gives rise to additional problems for students who have their own families.

This fact confirms the thesis that the activity, first of all, of state structures and society, in general, should be focused not only on the personality of the student, but also on the family itself, in this case, both on the parental and on the actual student. ...

A similar situation develops with respect to the teaching staff, with the only difference that for older teachers, their own family acts as a source of help, primarily of a psychological, emotional, material and household nature.

Link number 3 represents social work through forms and types of mutual assistance. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the teaching staff and students act simultaneously as both subjects and objects of social work. Mutual assistance in this sense is considered as the presence of elements of social assistance in the systems: 1) student - student; 2) student - teacher; 3) teacher - teacher.

Mutual assistance is one of the most ancient elements of assistance in a university. At the same time, the law of mutual assistance should be noted as a law of nature, which is the main condition for progressive development, that the motivation for mutual assistance is inherent, first of all, in the nature of the individual himself as a human individual.

Therefore, being in constant interaction in the process learning activities, students often solve common problems. As the types of mutual assistance, you can specify: mutual assistance funds, created on the basis of faculties and academic groups; mutual assistance in everyday life (in student dormitories); mutual assistance in the educational process (assistance in the preparation of abstracts, abstracts, tips at seminars, tests and exams, etc.)

Faculty assistance to students is most often manifested as volunteering to provide extracurricular services, conducting electives, or coordinating student volunteer organizations. In turn, the student also acts as a subject of assistance for the teacher. This is manifested when it comes to the possibility of realizing a teacher as a professional, when a student contributes to the teacher's self-improvement, when, in the presence of effective activity with a student, the teacher experiences a "situation of professional success."

Mutual assistance among the teaching staff, similar to the student environment, manifests itself both at the professional level (exchange and transmission of pedagogical experience, assistance in obtaining new information), and at the everyday, emotional levels, as well as assistance in organizing leisure time.

The most promising link of subjects of social work in the field of higher education is Link number 4, which involves the activation of the individual's own forces, in our case a student, a teacher in solving their own problems. Social work in the field of higher education should be aimed at creating conditions for an active position of subjects of social work to use their own aid resources and to eliminate or reduce consumer attitudes towards the use of social assistance resources.

However, the process of organizing social work in this regard requires special approaches to creating favorable conditions for the realization of one's own potential. An active life position of a student and a teacher in the implementation of social work is impossible if the appropriate conditions are not created for this Links No. 1, 2 subjects of social work. In the absence of clear interaction between the subjects of social work in the field of higher education, the effectiveness of social assistance, support, provision will be minimized. Those. it is necessary to increase the efficiency of social work in the field of higher education on the basis of a systemic, integrated and individual approach both at the level of subjects of social work and at the level of technology.

The systematic approach is especially relevant in the integration of subjects of social work in the goals and objectives of the activity. A complex approach It is expressed mainly in the fact that the diagnostic processes, identifying the causality of problems, drawing up assistance programs, the process of providing direct assistance, analyzing the results of activities, predicting the further development of a problem situation and the process of observing after overcoming the crisis are carried out in an efficient, step-by-step manner. And these processes should be aimed at preventing the possibility of relapse by solving the client's problem in a complex. An individual approach contributes to the implementation of targeted social assistance, allows the forms and methods of social work to best suit the problems of each client individually.

Thus, we note the following provisions:

1. The relevance of social work in the higher education system is due to the high importance of this area for the life of society as a whole.
2. The development of social work in the field of higher education is in direct proportion to the processes taking place within higher education.
3. Currently, the higher school of Ukraine acts as a basic environment for the implementation of social work, is a source of social work as a type of activity and a subject of social work as a science.
4. The main directions of social work are formed according to the problems and needs of the subjects of higher education, which are differentiated by groups: faculty, students, university staff.
5. Social work in relation to teachers should be aimed at creating favorable conditions for life: ensuring a high level of organization and ensuring the educational process; organization of life, leisure and recreation; providing the opportunity to self-actualize and realize their own professional potential.
6. Social work in relation to students should be built taking into account modern changes in this social group and is aimed at solving problems, the study of which is possible only with the help of the theory of the social field, associated with the specifics of the nature of various types of activity.
7. The subjects of social work in the field of modern higher education are: Link number 1 - government bodies authorities, local authorities, administration of the university, faculty, departments, structural divisions of the university; Link No. 2 - public organizations, patrons, sponsors, close relatives, friends; Link number 3 - faculty, students; Link number 4 - the individual himself (student, teacher).
8. Social work in the field of higher education should be carried out on the basis of an integrated, systematic and individual approach.

Questions and tasks

1. Describe the sphere of education as an object of social work.
2. Describe the social groups interacting in the field of education and their social problems.
3. Reveal the features of social problems associated with the specifics of the education sector.
4. Expand the content of technologies of social work with preschoolers and younger students.
5. Showcase the diversity of social work technologies in high school.
6. Describe the technologies of social work in vocational education.
7. Describe secondary vocational and university students as an object of social work.
8. Show the features of social work technologies in special educational institutions.
9. Identify goals and objectives, technologies in social work with families of pupils and students.
10. What are the essence and direction of technology in working with teachers and university professors.
11. Describe the development trends of the modern system of higher education.
12. Highlight the main problems of objects of social work in the sphere of higher education.
13. List the subjects of social work in the field of higher education, describe the directions of their activities.
14. What approaches in the implementation of social work in the field of higher education are the most significant? Justify your answer.
15. Highlight positive and negative trends in the development of higher education and determine their impact on the implementation of social work in the higher education system:

16. Using the example of your university, highlight the forms and types of mutual assistance in the field of higher education. Compare the experience of organizing social work in the field of higher education in your university and other universities.
17. Develop a project for an integrated social assistance service (for students or teachers, or both) in the context of your institution.

reference

The social service is engaged in serving elderly single people with a second or first group of disabilities, as well as those who are not able to serve themselves to the fullest. Such people who are subject to the care of a social worker are called wards. Wards who have completely lost the ability to self-service are transferred to a nursing home (disabled) or under the supervision of the Center's nursing service social service... People become wards as a result of contacting SOBES, the Council of Veterans, directly to the Social Service Center (CSO) or the Social Protection Committee, as well as as a result of a special tour of the territory by a social worker in order to identify those in need of service.

The demand for the profession

Quite in demand

Representatives of the profession Social worker are in high demand on the labor market. Despite the fact that universities graduate a large number of specialists in this field, many companies and many enterprises require qualified Social workers.

All statistics

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Description of activities

The activity of a social worker is the work of organizing assistance to people and groups in difficult life situations, their psychological rehabilitation and integration.

The uniqueness of the profession

Quite common

Most of the respondents believe that the profession Social worker cannot be called rare, in our country it is quite common. For several years, there has been a demand for representatives of the profession in the labor market Social worker despite the fact that a lot of specialists graduate every year.

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What education is needed

Secondary vocational education (college, technical school)

In order to work by profession Social worker, it is not necessary to have a higher professional education in the relevant specialty. For this profession, it is enough to have a secondary vocational education diploma from a college or technical school, or, for example, it is enough to complete special courses.

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Labor responsibilities

A social worker identifies lonely elderly and disabled citizens living in the service area and in need of social support Informs them about the types of services provided by social service institutions. Provides assistance in obtaining advisory and information services. Carries out social patronage of the served category of the population. Organizes the repair of living quarters, processing of the personal plot. Fuel supply, funeral services. Provides first aid. Maintains the necessary documentation.

Labor type

Predominantly physical labor

As the results of the survey show, the profession Social worker predominantly involves physical labor. Social worker must have good physical fitness, high strength endurance and good health.

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Features of career growth

After a year of work and the acquisition of the necessary experience, the social worker is assigned a category with a corresponding increase in salary. After another three years, the wage premium is 10%, and after 5 years of work - 30%.

The employment center will offer vacancies in accordance with the received additional education... Who has the right to retraining The right to retraining is given to those citizens who could not find a job, despite the fact that they were registered with the employment service for six months and regularly attended interviews in their main specialty. The main purpose of retraining is to enable a citizen to acquire professional skills in another field of activity so that in the future he can find a job and receive income. This measure is necessary if it was impossible to get to work in the first specialty. In this case, the allowance is calculated monthly, until the moment when retraining is completed and there is no suitable job with the level of salary that suits the citizen.

Free training from the employment center: specialties, reviews

Per diems can be issued for the time when the citizen followed to the place of study and home.

Compensation for rental housing while studying in another region.

Legal assistant - lawyer (advanced training).
Accountant.
Seamstress.
Makeup artist - hairdresser.
Cook.
Lifter.
Masseur.
Medical worker.
Programmer.
Tourism manager.
Driver.
Warehouse worker.

At the end of the training, a citizen has a certificate in his hands, according to which he can find a job.

Social worker

Attention

The new system of modules allows to train applicants with the necessary professional skills in shortest time... Many teachers conduct classes in an accessible playful way. Applicants study some humanitarian disciplines on their own.

For professional development or acquisition new profession full-time study is used. Theoretical lessons alternate with practical training of the acquired skills. The courses offer both individual and group lessons.
Most often it depends on the set of groups. Benefits during the training period During training, the applicant retains the allowance provided for by law. The amount of the benefit does not depend on the status of a citizen; only the assignment of the status of an unemployed person matters.

Moscow cities

The City Center for Continuing Professional Education "conducts a socially-oriented program in support of the poor and the unemployed" Study for free! " To undergo a FREE training or professional retraining, you need to do the following: Choose the course that is most interesting for you (all courses of "GTSDPE" are here). Register at the territorial Employment Center of the Population at the place of registration. Conclude an agreement with the Employment Center and write an application for training in our center according to the chosen curriculum.

Bring documents from the territorial sales center to our office to conclude an agreement.

What free training courses are offered at the labor exchange in 2018

The employment service provides not only work for people, but also training. If your profession is not very popular, then you can master a new one. Usually such centers offer several specialties, from which you can choose the one that suits you.

Important

Training from the employment center allows you to receive a document with which you can get a job. Moreover, all this is provided free of charge, since for the unemployed it is financed by the budget. You just need to know what is required for this. Advantages of retraining After losing a job, a person usually turns to the labor exchange, where vacancies are offered.

Sometimes people cannot choose a suitable specialty. But for this there is free training from the employment center.

The order of training in courses at the employment center

Material assistance is not charged or its payment stops if:

The citizen arbitrarily interrupted the learning process;
The applicant was expelled from the course of study;
For the period of illness;
During maternity leave.

Advantages and disadvantages of courses from the CPC There are the following advantages of free retraining from the labor exchange:

Courses offer to master a profession that is in demand among employers;
You can try to change the field of activity and succeed in it;
Obtaining new skills that will not harm anyone;
The study process is absolutely free for the applicant;
An unemployed person receives a "scholarship" - material assistance from the state.

Please note that you will not be studying the profession with the employees of the Center for Health Care Services, but with the teachers of educational institutions that have won the tender for the provision of such services.

Retraining courses: what the employment center offers

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Social-oriented program "Learn for free!"

Info

The unemployed can be offered not only retraining, but also advanced training in his specialty. Another crust will not hurt, for example, when employed as an accountant. The employer is often looking for an employee with experience, which graduates of higher and other educational institutions do not have enough.

Training in the courses of the Employment Center is free for students. But this one has educational program and cons:

The employment center does not care what specialty you teach. You may need to wait to enroll in a course in a profession that interests you.
The technical base in educational institutions is often poor and outdated, especially in the regions.
After retraining, the range of jobs offered expands.

Free courses in Moscow at employment centers

Auditor;
Auditor;

Working professions:

Service specialties:

Private enterprise;
Computer techologies:

Programmer;
Website layout designer;
Graphic Designer;

Medical professions:

Nurse (nurse);
Pharmacist.

The local labor exchange will provide precise information on the list of specialties for which you can retrain free of charge.

Social workers provide comprehensive assistance to people, interacting mainly with vulnerable categories of citizens. They work with refugees, orphans, pensioners, helping them to get social, legal and material support. The profession is suitable for those who have no interest in school subjects (see choosing a profession by interest in school subjects).

Short description

The profession is very ancient, several hundred years ago such specialists were called philanthropists, missionaries. Part of the social responsibility was assigned to monks and nuns, who provided shelter, food, and a minimum level of education to the poor. Today everything has changed, and this work is carried out by authorized representatives of social services, who are assigned to every person or family in need of state assistance and support. Mostly a specialist leads the following groups citizens:

pensioners and people with disabilities;
children and adolescents suffering from congenital and acquired diseases, domestic violence and other problems;
women who are victims of any kind of violence;
dependent citizens;
people who lost their homes, were injured, who lost loved ones during disasters;
large families and others.

The social worker is in direct contact with the population, checking the conditions in which the children are kept, how the funds allocated by the state for the newborn are distributed. They carry food to sick people and retirees, provide emotional support to citizens suffering from addictions (alcoholic, drug, gambling and others). The work is not easy and dangerous, because a specialist never knows what awaits him behind the closed door of a particular apartment. Social workers are not paid very high salaries, traditionally this profession is chosen by women who are more inclined to compassion than men.

Features of the profession

A social worker must love people. This is the first requirement that is tacitly put forward to specialists. The duties of such an employee include the following list of mandatory works:

analysis of the entrusted area, selection of people in need of social assistance and protection (temporarily or permanently);
dealing with complaints and appeals from the population, checking information, making decisions on each individual application;
provision of all types of social services, informing citizens about their rights and obligations;
assistance in obtaining legal and other types of advice;
home delivery of food, drinking water, medicines, and other goods. The social worker can keep order in the house of the people to whom he is attached, cook or warm up food, deliver ready-made food from relatives or from special canteens, pay bills;
assistance in processing applications and petitions for receiving social assistance, preferential vouchers, services;
communication with socially vulnerable citizens and their relatives;
provision of additional services: first aid, psychological support and others;
maintaining accounting and reporting documentation.

A social worker must have minimal knowledge of medicine, be an excellent psychologist, because his work combines the main features of these professions. The segment is characterized by high staff turnover, so employees are always needed. The specialist interacts with representatives of law and order, volunteer organizations, various groups of teachers and doctors.

Pros and cons of the profession

pros

Huge social significance professions, because every day such specialists perform complex and important work that improves the quality of life of many people.
Official employment and a solid number of vacancies.
Specialists are in demand in every large and small town Russia.
You can find a job without higher education.
Stable learning and development.
A large number of budget-funded places in universities, the opportunity to get education at a full-time, part-time or part-time faculty.
The work will be an ideal solution for the humanities.

Minuses

Low-paying job.
Constant contact with different segments of the population, whose representatives are not always friendly and honest.
Interaction with sick, addicted people can lead to infection with infectious and other types of diseases.
Labor is underestimated in the CIS countries.
The specialist spends a lot of time on his feet, is forced to perform a large amount of work.
The schedule may be irregular.
Social workers are often confronted with egregious cases of human violence, which can have an overwhelming impact on morale.

Important personal qualities

Emotional stability and calmness are two essential qualities that must be present in the character of a good social worker. This specialist must have an excellently delivered speech, inspire trust and respect, be able to listen and understand people. Other qualities are also important:

In the character of a specialist, there should be no pride, as well as greed, disgust.

Social worker training

You can master this difficult profession both at the university and in college. When entering a university, it is worth choosing the direction of training "Social work", passing exams in the Russian language, history and social studies, the term of study is 5-6 years. It is also recommended to consider the following programs:

"Social work with youth";
"Social work in the social protection system."

After grade 9 or 11, you can apply to college by choosing the Faculty of Social Work. The term of study is 2-3 years, which depends on the basic training of the applicant and the chosen educational institution. Some colleges can be admitted on the basis of the average score of the certificate, without passing exams.

The Russian Institute of Professional Education "IPO" - is recruiting students for a specialty in the distance program of professional retraining and advanced training. Studying at the IPO is a convenient and quick way to obtain distance education. 200+ training courses. 8000+ graduates from 200 cities. Short deadlines for paperwork and external training, interest-free installments from the institute and individual discounts. Contact us!

Educational center "Verity"

A wide variety of training programs to help improve the skills of people working in the field of social assistance. Classes are provided for both individual employees and entire teams. You can get knowledge in person or remotely. The programs include innovative methods of development for children, rules for interacting with adolescents, labor protection and no less pressing issues.