A ready-made business plan for growing and selling mushrooms - the relevance of the business, an overview of the sales market, possible risks and guarantees. Mushroom growing business: prospects and features Frozen mushroom business

The mushroom growing business is different high profitability- about 40% or more. The annual global increase in production volumes is 6-8%. However, growing mushrooms requires space and special equipment, which is associated with additional costs.

So, for example, experienced mushroom growers use cultivation chambers that provide a constant microclimate and optimal carbon dioxide content in the air during certain phases of mushroom development. In the process of growing, these parameters can vary significantly. The success of your enterprise and your profit directly depend on the correct choice of premises and their competent arrangement. Even if you are lucky and you own suitable areas (a dry shed or a spacious greenhouse is quite suitable for this), you still cannot do without additional investments.

It is desirable that the room where you are going to grow mushrooms is equipped with ventilation (and ideally air conditioning) and heating systems. It must maintain a certain temperature and humidity. The amount of expenses for the arrangement depends on the area of ​​​​the premises, its purpose and condition, the planned production volumes and the type of mushrooms. Since oyster mushrooms are not very sensitive to parameters such as relative humidity, light and temperature fluctuations, the equipment of premises for growing these mushrooms is associated with lower costs.

But with champignons, everything is more serious. Here you will have to strictly monitor compliance with all microclimate parameters. For growing oyster mushrooms, you can use almost any ground structures (sheds, vegetable and potato stores, greenhouses, buildings for keeping animals, etc.). Of all this diversity, greenhouses are most often preferred. To protect against direct sunlight and excessive heat when using a conventional greenhouse, you can simply paint its glass with white paint. If there is always a large supply of bags with substrates in the greenhouse, then even in winter at temperatures below -10 ... -15 ° C, the temperature in the greenhouse itself does not fall below zero.

Under such conditions, however, mushrooms do not grow, but the mycelium retains its viability. A greenhouse, barn or other premises can be either purchased or rented for a small price. A dry shed is suitable for storing straw (from which the substrate is prepared). Substrate pasteurization is carried out in special containers or a chamber. Under the camera, you can use almost any room. Think in advance where you will cut the straw. To keep the substrate in hot water, you will need to dig special holes or purchase containers.

When growing champignons, you can also save a little on rent and the second phase of compost fermentation and all stages of sprouting mycelium and growing the fruiting bodies themselves can be done in one, and not in different chambers. It is possible to disinfect the cultivation chamber after the removal of the next portion of the used compost using a steam generator, which is also used to process future compost. The savings on rent in this case, however, will not be so big, since you will have to purchase optional equipment to control the temperature and relative humidity of the air, as well as to ensure good moisture and heat insulation of the room.

Ways to grow oyster mushrooms

There are two main ways to grow oyster mushrooms: intensive and extensive. In the first case, mushrooms are cultivated in specially designed rooms with controlled microclimate parameters. Experienced mushroom growers even manage to achieve round-the-clock mushroom picking with high yields, for which various substrates are used. The duration of the "production cycle" is about two months.

The raw material for growing mushrooms is the substrate (this is what cultures are grown on), as well as mycelium (actually what they are grown from). Mushroom growers prepare the substrate themselves from wheat, rye or barley straw, flax bonfires, stalk and corn stalks or purchase from companies that produce it. In the latter case, substrate manufacturers, as a rule, give a guarantee that, subject to the conditions for growing mushrooms, at least 2 kg of mushrooms can be obtained from 10 kg of the substrate they sell. The cost of 10 kg of finished substrate is estimated at the wholesale price of 1 kg of oyster mushrooms at the time of sale.

At self-manufacturing substrate, attention should be paid to its quality and environmental friendliness. On a substrate with a high content of harmful chemicals and fertilizers, according to professional mushroom growers, mushrooms will not grow. Sawdust, shavings, tree bark, chaff and other vegetable waste are used as additives that help to slightly increase yields. It is better to buy straw directly from the fields with your own transport.

When ordering the delivery of straw using the supplier's equipment, the cost of raw materials increases several times. Even clean straw still needs pre-treatment, as its surface contains a large number of microorganisms. To destroy them, heat treatment: raw materials are immersed in a large container, poured with water brought to a boiling point, and left for a day. True, with this method of processing, you should not count on high yields. It is unlikely that it will exceed 1 kg of mushrooms per 10 kg of substrate. To increase these indicators, special chambers for pasteurization are used. Straw is placed in them, after which water vapor is forced inside. The temperature inside the chamber is about 60°C. The straw is kept under such conditions for 6-8 hours, after which the intensity of the steam supply is reduced so that the temperature inside the chamber drops by 10 degrees. The raw material remains in the chamber with continuous ventilation for another two days.

As a camera, as mentioned above, you can use any slightly refurbished room. With the purchase of a steam generator, there will also be no problems. The cost of simple equipment is 50-90 thousand rubles. However, many entrepreneurs save a lot on it by purchasing used or handicraft equipment.

After the pasteurization process is completed, the substrate is cooled and seeded with oyster mushroom mycelium (inoculated) at the rate of 30-50 kg per 1 ton of substrate. Then the substrate is placed in plastic bags of 10-12 kg. Holes are made in the bottom of the bag to remove excess water that accumulates during irrigation, after which they are placed in the germination chamber. In this room, you should not use wooden elements and you should not allow direct light to penetrate.

The temperature in such a chamber should not exceed 24°C, and the relative humidity of the air should be about 60-65%. The mushroom picker germinates within 1.5-2.5 weeks, after which the bags are transferred to the fruiting chamber. Here the temperature is maintained at the level of 12-18°C, and the relative humidity is within 80-85%. To ensure high humidity, experienced mushroom growers recommend using irrigation systems: for this, pipes are laid over the bags, in which holes of small diameter are made for spraying water or nozzles. The fruiting chamber should be lit with natural light or artificial fluorescent lighting.

If all conditions are met properly, then after 1-2 weeks embryos of fruiting bodies should appear on the surface of the mycelium, from which clusters of mushrooms will subsequently grow. Harvest "ripens" in waves lasting 5-7 days with an interval of 10-14 days between them. As a rule, the crop is harvested from the first three waves, and then the bags with the old mycelium are replaced with new ones.

Extensive cultivation of oyster mushrooms

The extensive method is the cultivation of mushrooms in conditions close to natural. In this case, the mycelium does not infect the substrate in bags, but the stumps of felled hardwood trees. Their choice should be approached very carefully, giving preference to relatively young stumps that are not infected with other fungal cultures. Instead of stumps, so-called cuts made from the trunks of deciduous trees are also used. Cuts are infected with mycelium and kept at high humidity until they are overgrown with mycelium. After that, the cuts are planted in the ground, which is constantly moistened. The extensive method of growing mushrooms is used extremely rarely, since within 3-4 years after infection, the "harvest" will be no more than 10% of the mass of the stump or cut. Therefore, it is not necessary to count on high performance in this case.

The question of the choice of mycelium deserves special attention, because both the “harvest” and the quality of grown mushrooms directly depend on it. Mycelium can be grown independently or purchased from specialized companies. True, in the first case, it will be necessary to draw up the appropriate documents for your seed. In addition, growing mycelium is associated with certain time costs and difficulties, so many mushroom growers prefer not to do it on their own, but to buy ready-made material. Growing mycelium can be a profitable business in itself, but this activity requires more experience and knowledge than growing mushrooms. You will need a mother culture, which needs to be updated from time to time so that the fungus does not “degenerate”.

Oddly enough, but the most difficult thing in the mushroom business is the search for workers for such a farm. good specialists very hard to find. There is no special education in this area, and you have to comprehend all the wisdom of this matter on your own from your own mistakes. If you are all lucky enough to find real experts, then wages they will ask appropriate for their skills and knowledge. Their remuneration may directly depend on the volume of products produced, which will create better motivation. The number of workers in a mushroom farm depends on its size. For instance, for growing 50-100 kg of oyster mushrooms per day, two people are enough, for 200-300 kg of products per day - three to five people. At the same time, other people should be involved in the preparation of the substrate and the organization of sales. Thus, the total “staff” of your enterprise will be about ten people, including workers, a manager, an accountant, a sales manager, etc.

Consider the transportation system in advance finished products to your buyers. It is desirable that your production is located within the city or in the suburbs. Placing a "mushroom farm" in an area is not the best solution, as in this case, the cost of transporting mushrooms can significantly increase the cost of production and, therefore, reduce your profit.

Growing mushrooms as a business: step by step financial calculations and payback + 3 ways to sell goods in the mushroom business.

Capital investment in business: 90,000 rubles (on a leased plot).
Payback for growing mushrooms: from 2 months (1 production cycle).

Mushrooms are an integral part of the diet of almost every person.

They have a lot of useful substances, they taste good, have various cooking options and, what is especially valuable, they are always affordable.

Perhaps only the "queen of the table" potato has more fans.

For these reasons mushroom business attracts many who want to try their hand at entrepreneurial skills.

Why not?

After all, growing mushrooms is considered one of the most profitable types of business in this segment.

The investment is relatively small, especially if you have your own business area.

In addition, many simply enjoy this type of cultivation, and there is no seasonality in this business.

But besides the love of mushrooms, you need to have special knowledge to organize a business.

How to start growing mushrooms as a business?

To organize a mushroom business, it is not necessary to be a professional mushroom picker.

However, in this case, a lot of theoretical information will have to be studied:

• What kind of mushrooms to choose for growing?
• How is the process "from and to"?
• In what environment will mushrooms grow?
• What can be done to increase the yield?

And these are just questions related to the specifics of this case.

You will also need to study organizational issues applicable to any type of business:

• What documents need to be issued in order to engage in activities legally?
• How much money do you need to start growing mushrooms as a business?

What documents are needed for a mushroom business?

To legally engage in the mushroom business, you have to go through a relatively simple registration procedure:

A businessman must register an IP.

To do this, you only need a passport.

The process is simple, and you can deal with it without intermediaries.

You don't have to choose a taxation system.

Cultivation of mushrooms qualifies as agricultural production.

Accordingly, your activity will be subject to ESHN.

And this is 6% of the profit, which is a very profitable option.

In the future, you will need to obtain a number of papers, without which you do not have the right to sell the harvested crop.

These documents include:

1. radiology protocol;
2. certificate of conformity of products to GOST;
3. phytosanitary certificate.

What kind of mushrooms to choose for growing?

More experienced entrepreneurs recommend that beginners start by growing oyster mushrooms.

There are several reasons for this:

• for it is required to make compost, which is a more labor-intensive and difficult task than preparing the substrate;
• champignons are more "demanding" to the quality of the acquired mycelium;
• all requirements and technologies must be observed especially clearly, in contrast to the cultivation of oyster mushrooms.

Based on these considerations, it is better to start with oyster mushrooms.

And when you master the technology and equipment, you can start champignons.

How to choose a room for a mushroom growing business?

Growing mushrooms is a type of business that you can do even in your own apartment or at home.

But at the same time, you need to understand that the resulting volume of the crop will cover, perhaps, the needs of your family.

Businesses need larger territories.

Country cottages, agricultural farms that have been abandoned, sheds are well suited.

The following requirements are imposed on the "mushroom" premises:

1. For cultivation, a small area is enough - from 15 m 2.
2. Strict requirements for temperature regime: 12-25C about.

3. Mushrooms need high humidity - 85%.

   This indicator is achieved with the help of irrigation or the use of special equipment.

4. Utility rooms must be provided with electricity (and heating), water and sewerage (water drain).
5. If the room is not ventilated, you must install it yourself.
6. The walls are whitewashed enough, and the floor is poured with concrete.

If you plan to organize large-scale production, on a dedicated site (ideally) you need to equip the following premises:

• for the production of compost or substrate from purchased raw materials;
• for pasteurization with appropriate equipment;
• for growing your own mycelium;
• the main room for growing mushrooms.

What resources are needed for a mushroom business?

In addition to documentary preparation and selection of premises, there is the main stage - the search for resources for growing mushrooms.

This list includes the creation of the necessary cover, the purchase of mycelium and the choice of equipment for the mushroom business.

What should be the soil for growing?

Interesting fact:
Russula and pink volushki, which are familiar to us, are considered poisonous in Germany, honey mushrooms and russula - in France, boletus - in Italy, porcini mushrooms - in Switzerland. Residents of these countries do not risk collecting these species.

Mushrooms are grown in a special soil - the substrate.

In its role, straw, sawdust, hemp, bran, husks and similar raw materials prepared according to technology are used.

Moreover, depending on the type of mushrooms, it will differ.

The substrate for growing oyster mushrooms can be easily prepared on your own.

However, those who do not want to waste their time or energy can purchase it from other farms.

But for champignons, you need to prepare or purchase compost.

In fact, compost can also be used for oyster mushrooms.

But it is more difficult to prepare than the substrate.

Therefore, entrepreneurs rarely take such a step.

How to choose seed?

The material from which mushrooms are grown has a special name - mycelium.

To start a business, it can be purchased at larger mushroom farms.

Subsequently, you can grow mycelium on your own.

Growing and selling mycelium can be an additional source of income for your farm.

However, do not rush into this step, as it will not be easy to implement.

So, first of all, it is important to establish a process for the production of mushrooms for sale, and only after experimenting with mycelium.

When buying mycelium, a quality product can be determined by the following indicators:

• White color;
• nice smell;
• absence of extraneous spots;
• the farm has a license that will confirm the quality of the goods.

What equipment is needed for a mushroom business?

The main cost item in the mushroom growing business is the acquisition necessary equipment for furnishing the premises.

Name	Qty	total cost (rub.)
Total:		60 000 rub.
steam generator	1	30 000
Humidifier	1	7 000
Heater	1	3 000
Ventilation	1	4 000
Pasteurizers	2	8 000
Boxes and bags	550	5 000
Other	-	3 000

Search for the necessary personnel

If the mushroom business is already planned by you as a source of significant profit, you will no longer be able to do it yourself.

At first, in order to save money, you can involve your family in business.

But in the future, you still have to hire handymen.

In this case, there is no need to talk about the presence of the necessary qualifications.

After all, the experience of growing mushrooms and the relevant knowledge on this moment do not give in any university or technical school.

Therefore, the requirements will be standard: a person must have a health book, he must fulfill his duties honestly and responsibly.

How to find ways to implement in the mushroom segment?

Finding customers for sale is the main problem that growing mushrooms as a business has.

The demand for this product is stable, but, as a rule, the goods are ordered in small batches and from trusted suppliers.

Nevertheless, beginners also have a chance to find their place in a niche.

Although mushrooms are a specific product, it also needs to be advertised.

To do this, use the following methods:

• give ads in thematic newspapers;
• create a website and promote it on the Internet;
• send potential customers trial free samples products;
• arrange promotions and make a system of cumulative discounts for your customers.

Who is the consumer of such productions?

Consumers	Description
Fairs, markets	Retail trade in markets and fairs is the most common way to sell goods grown on your own farm. Sometimes people do not want to buy mushrooms in the markets because they doubt their quality. Arrange the point cleanly and neatly, hang it in a conspicuous place permits, use outside advertising. This will create a reliable image and build a base regular customers.
Shops, supermarkets	This option is used for the implementation of wholesale lots. The disadvantage of this method is high competition. Therefore, you will have to lower the price the first time to get orders. At the same time, the average profit indicator will fall, but in the long run you will get regular customers and large batches of orders.
Cafes and restaurants	They order products not in such large volumes as stores. However, there are mushroom producers who only cooperate with such establishments. And their business is booming!

How much does it cost to open a mushroom business?

It is difficult to name the average amount that will be required to organize a mushroom growing business.

The following factors affect the amount of spending:

• do you grow mushrooms on your own plot or have you rented land/premises;
• what volume of production is planned;
• how much does the necessary raw material cost from your supplier;
• how many assistants you hired and others.

Imagine what the initial investment and the size of the current investment for a small farm can be.

It is organized on a leased territory, and champignons are selected mushrooms.

Production calculation is made for one standard cycle (2 months).

Starting investments

Regular investments

Profitability and payback of mushroom business

The mushroom growing business attracts many people who were far from the field of crop production before.

And even more so did not deal with mushrooms.

What is the reason for the interest in this particular niche?

The fact is that experts call this type of business one of the most profitable.

Payback rates can be 75-80% and even reach 100%!

Of course, in order to achieve such indicators, it is important to comply with a number of requirements.

However, even this is not a minus, because another plus of this business is a relatively small amount of investment.

With this amount of investment, we get 30 tons of compost. About 150-200 kg of mushrooms are harvested from each ton at the end of the cycle.

30 x 150-200 = 4,500-6,000 kg;

4 500 x 100 rubles = 450,000 rubles;

6,000 x 100 rubles = 600,000 rubles.

Calculations show that under ideal conditions, an entrepreneur will earn from 450,000 to 600,000 rubles in 1 cycle (2 months).

However, this amount must be subtracted capital investments and regular investments for 2 months:

450,000 - (90,000 + 120,000x2) = 100,000 rubles.

You will learn how to grow oyster mushrooms in the video:

Potential Risks of a Mushroom Growing Business

There are a number of conditions that can prevent an entrepreneur from getting enough yield and profit from the business.

It is worth familiarizing yourself with them before the start of the project in order to be “ready”.

Risk	Probability	How to prevent?
Not all items were sold	Medium	To minimize risk, work on expanding your customer base. If this situation has already happened, the product can be dried.
bad harvest	Medium	Find another supplier of mycelium, more carefully control the process of growing mushrooms.
Equipment breakdown	Low	Watch for the correct use of technology yourself, and teach this to workers. It is advisable to have a warranty service agreement with the manufacturer.
Increasing competition	Low	Use advertising methods, look for new customers, control the price level in accordance with the market ones.

In summing up, it is worth noting that the success of any business depends on the level of your return and the desire to achieve success.

Including when it comes to growing mushrooms - business will thrive if you devote time to learning about this industry.

Gather all possible information, write a business plan (even if you do not plan to get a loan for a business or investment).

When you know what and how to do the right tools sure to be found!

Do not rush to spend the first profit on personal goals.

Invest in the business and scale your business to make it more profitable.

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Many people love mushrooms. Someone loves to collect them, someone likes to cook a variety of dishes from mushrooms, someone prefers to eat mushrooms. And there are quite a few profitable business- cultivation of mushrooms. Often experienced mushroom pickers, who understand mushrooms and enjoy working with them, take up this business.

But it is not necessary to be a mushroom picker to grow champignons or oyster mushrooms. Of course, first you need to understand the theory: how, where and under what conditions mushrooms grow, what is needed for the harvest to be of high quality and plentiful, where mushroom seedlings are taken and how many kilograms of mushrooms are obtained from one square meter of area. In addition, you need to figure out how this business should be formalized legally and how much initial investment will be required.

To get started, you can try to grow champignons or oyster mushrooms for yourself, in your summer cottage or in the basement, if you have private house. After some time, you will have some experience and you will figure out if you like doing this and if you can succeed in this area. If the answer is yes, then it's time to write detailed business plan for growing mushrooms.

Oyster mushrooms or mushrooms?

The technologies for growing these two types of mushrooms are similar, but there are still some differences. Almost all mushroom growers say that growing champignons is more difficult, since these mushrooms are more demanding on the quality of the nutrient medium and the mushroom mycelium from which they are grown. Growing champignons requires more than for oyster mushrooms, costs and very careful observance of all technological processes.

In connection with the above considerations, it is better for a beginner mushroom grower to start producing oyster mushrooms first. And only then to master the business of growing champignons. Although, if you are confident in yourself, have studied the technology well and you have everything necessary resources, nothing prevents you from starting with champignons.

Where to grow mushrooms

Lots of options. Basements, sheds, cottages, village houses or any abandoned industrial and agricultural buildings are well suited for growing mushrooms. If desired, you can grow mushrooms in a city apartment, on a balcony or even in a room. Creating the right conditions is not so difficult. But growing mushrooms in an apartment is more of a hobby than a business, so we will take a closer look at the requirements for professional premises.

The temperature in the room should not be lower than 12 degrees and not higher than 25. The air humidity should be quite high - about 85%. Basements meet all these requirements perfectly. The room must have electricity. Water is also essential for growing mushrooms, so make sure you have an uninterrupted supply of it. In addition, the room must have a drain to remove excess water.

Ventilation and heating are also needed. Options for space heating can be different: electricity, gas, wood or coal stove. With regard to air humidity, with small production volumes, the desired humidity is easily achieved by simply irrigating the bags with the substrate in which the mushrooms grow. At large-scale production air humidity is maintained by electronic systems air conditioning and humidification.

When you find a suitable space, you will most likely need to renovate it and install heating and ventilation systems. The floor is best done with concrete, and the walls are simply whitewashed.

The size of the room can be different and start from 15 sq. m. On one square meter, three to five blocks are usually placed - bags with a nutrient substrate in which mushrooms grow.

soil for mushrooms

The soil for growing mushrooms is the substrate. It can be straw (wheat, rye, barley), sawdust (any, except pine), sunflower husks, corn cobs, tree stumps, linen waste, bran, chaff.

There are farms that produce and sell ready-made substrate for growing mushrooms. But you can cook it yourself, from raw materials.

The substrate for oyster mushrooms is prepared very simply: straw, sunflower husks or other raw materials are poured with hot water, aged for several hours, then mixed with seed and placed in large plastic bags. In the industrial production of mushrooms, the substrate after infusion is pasteurized in special chambers.

This applies to oyster mushrooms, now let's look at where and how to grow mushrooms. You need compost to grow mushrooms. You can buy it, or you can cook it yourself. The second option is preferable, as it is more reliable and much cheaper.

For champignons, wheat straw is best suited. It is dried, then crushed in a special grinder, after which it is saturated with water. Water absorbs water very well, so the proportions of water and straw are approximately 2.5:1. Then manure is added to wet straw or chicken manure and leave for two weeks, providing air access. Usually, special aerated containers are used to mature the compost.

In such compost, champignons feel great and give a good harvest. It can also be used for oyster mushrooms, they will also grow wonderfully. But composting is labor intensive, and oyster mushrooms can grow in the substrate, so compost is usually not used for them. Although in it the mushrooms are of the best quality.

mushroom seedling

The seed material for growing mushrooms is called mycelium. Usually novice mushroom growers buy it in large mushroom farms, which make it both for themselves and for sale. Experienced farmers can grow mycelium on their own.

When purchasing mycelium from the manufacturer, you must make sure that it good quality. It should be white, without spots and with a pleasant mushroom smell. Sellers of mycelium must have the appropriate license.

Growing mycelium in your mushroom farm and its further sale is a very profitable business, but it is complex and time-consuming. Mycelium is produced from the mother culture of the fungus, which, in turn, must be regularly updated so as not to lose quality. You can start growing mycelium after all the processes for the production of mushrooms are perfectly established.

Mushroom cultivation technology

So, we found out that the production of mushrooms requires a substrate or compost and mycelium. Both of these components are mixed or stacked in layers and placed in containers. Most often, large plastic bags are taken as containers - it is inexpensive and convenient. The bags are filled to the top, holes are made at the bottom to remove excess moisture. The mycelium should now grow through the substrate. To do this, the bags are kept indoors at a temperature of 22-24 degrees and a humidity of 60-70%. There should be no light in this room and there should be good ventilation. After three days, several slits need to be made in the bags. Mushrooms will grow through them.

After about two weeks, the bags with the substrate will become overgrown with mycelium. Now they need to be moved to another room, with a lower temperature and more humidity, where they will continue to grow. The temperature can be from 12 to 18 degrees. It depends on the type of mushroom. Some like very low temperature, others - higher. But in any case, the temperature should not exceed 16-18 degrees. Mushrooms grow very poorly in warm weather.

Humidity in the fruiting chamber should be kept within 85%. Most often, a pipe system is installed for this purpose above the bags, in which there are small holes. Through these holes, water enters the bags, moistening them.

Lighting at this stage is mandatory and should last at least 12 hours a day. Lamps are installed if necessary.

Mushroom fruiting has three phases. Each lasts 5-7 days, and between them 12-14 days. The first harvest is usually the most abundant, the second and third - less. After the third phase, the substrate bag is discarded and a new one is placed in its place.

Calculations

To organize your business growing oyster mushrooms or champignons, you need to at least approximately understand what costs await you. It depends on a large number of factors: the size of your production, the heating system, the variety of mushrooms grown, the prices of the components needed to make compost, etc.

Consider the expenses and incomes of one of the farms that grows champignons. Calculations are given for one production cycle, which is two months.

So first the costs:

• Components for the production of 30 tons of compost (compost is produced independently): straw, manure, other components. In total - 20,000 rubles.
• Mycelium - 10,000.
• Heating and pasteurization costs - 50,000.
• Salary of workers - 60,000.
• Total - 140,000.

Now, income.

From one ton of compost, 200 kg of champignons are usually obtained.

1 kg of champignons costs 100 rubles.

With 30 tons of compost, you get 6 tons of champignons worth 600,000 rubles.

Thus, the income will be 600,000 - 140,000 = 460,000.

But this arithmetic refers only to one cycle of production and does not take into account the initial costs, i.e. start-up capital to start a business. Let's list what you need to have ideally in order to launch profitable production mushrooms:

• Composting room equipped with straw crusher, grain crusher for mixing, water supply and sewerage.
• Room for pasteurization. There should be a steam boiler and a steam supply system, preferably automated.
• Warm room for sprouting mycelium with heating, drip irrigation system and ventilation.
• Cool room for growing mushrooms with heating, ventilation and lighting.
• In addition, you will need transportation.

These are average mushroom farm calculations, but you can get a rough idea of ​​\u200b\u200bexpenses and income from them. Perhaps you will start growing mushrooms in your country house, in the basement, and your costs will differ from those given, especially in the part that concerns the start-up capital. If you do everything on your own or with the help of your family, you will not have to pay workers.

Legal aspect

In order to make the mushroom growing business legal, it is necessary to issue. In this case, the option with private household plots - a personal subsidiary plot that does not require registration, will not work. The requirements for oyster mushroom and mushroom producers are more stringent.

Now about paying taxes. If you choose to grow mushrooms as a business, you will be classified as a farmer. By all-Russian classifier types of economic activity (OKVED) you belong to the number A.01.12.31. Your form of taxation is . This is a profitable form, it replaces all other forms of taxation. Its rate is 6% of net profit.

Realization of oyster mushrooms and champignons

In order to sell the grown products, you need to have:

• Declaration of conformity GOST.
• Phytosanitary certificate.
• radiology protocol.
• Guidelines for the storage and transportation of mushrooms.

So, where can you sell mushrooms.

First, you can sell them on the market yourself. This is a financially advantageous option, since the price will be retail, not wholesale. But this option takes time, and, therefore, money. This can be handy if you are growing a small amount of mushrooms.

Secondly, you can supply your products to shops, cafes and other catering establishments. The price in this case can be quite acceptable, and you can sell large volumes. But you will need to take care of the delivery and the conclusion of contracts.

Thirdly, you can sell mushrooms to wholesalers. The price in this case will be lower, but the implementation process is simplified as much as possible. The volume of production in this case is not limited.

Super question Even I was interested in the answer)))

The sale of products produced in a personal subsidiary plot is not an entrepreneurial activity in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation.​
FEDERAL HOUSEHOLD ACT:
​
(in ed. federal laws dated 22.07.2008 N 141-FZ, dated 23.07.2008 N 160-FZ, dated 30.12.2008 N 302-FZ, dated 21.06.2011 N 147-FZ)​
​
Article 2 - The concept of personal subsidiary plot.​
1. Personal subsidiary plot - the form is not entrepreneurial activity for the production and processing of agricultural products. ​
2. A personal subsidiary farm is maintained by a citizen or a citizen and members of his family cohabiting with him and (or) jointly carrying out a personal subsidiary plot with him in order to satisfy personal needs on a land plot provided and (or) acquired for conducting a personal subsidiary plot. ​
3. Agricultural products produced and processed in the course of personal subsidiary farming shall be the property of citizens who are engaged in personal subsidiary farming. ​
4. The sale of agricultural products produced and processed in the course of private subsidiary farming by citizens running a personal subsidiary plot is not an entrepreneurial activity.
In the market, you need to have a certificate from the village council stating that you have a subsidiary plot and you are engaged in the cultivation of one or another product. If we are talking about meat and dairy products, then I think that you will need a certificate from a veterinarian.​

Some points to ensure that you do not have claims from the tax authorities. For this you need:

1) A document on the presence of a personal subsidiary plot (PSP) is obtained from the local administration;
- Submit a document issued by the relevant authority local government, the boards of gardening, gardening partnerships, confirming that the products sold were produced by the taxpayer on a land plot owned by him or his family members, used for personal subsidiary farming, summer cottage construction, gardening and horticulture;
- Put a personal subsidiary plot (LPS) on the account. It is carried out in household books, which are maintained by local governments of settlements and local governments of urban districts. Maintenance of household books is carried out on the basis of information provided on a voluntary basis by citizens who maintain personal subsidiary plots.

The household book contains the following basic information about personal subsidiary plots:
- Last name, first name, patronymic, date of birth of a citizen who was granted and (or) who acquired a land plot for running a personal subsidiary plot, as well as last names, first names, patronymics, dates of birth of those cohabiting with him and (or) jointly carrying out management with him personal subsidiary farming of his family members.
- The area of ​​the land plot of a personal subsidiary farm, occupied by crops and plantings of agricultural crops, fruit and berry plantations.
- Number of farm animals, birds and bees.
- Agricultural machinery, equipment, vehicles owned by the right of ownership or other right to a citizen leading a personal subsidiary plot.

2) With this document, you need to invite a commission of veterinarians to your place, they draw up an Inspection Report, if everything is fine, conclude an Agreement with the veterinarian;
Your farm will be attached to a permanent wet. doctor. When selling products in trade organizations, the attached doctor will issue you veterinary certificates of the established form for delivery to the store, the list of analyzes and the schedule will be written to you in the Contract or they will tell you orally, you do not need to issue a quality certificate and a certificate of conformity for products from private household plots, stores (by law) only need a veterinary certificate for the supplied batch products, each delivery must have its own certificate.

3) With these documents, you will receive a Veterinary Certificate from the regional veterinary service.

4) Having this Veterinary certificate, you can already receive certificates f. No. 2 (for each batch), with which you can take products to retail chains;
This is how Form #2 looks like Show
If you sell products as an individual entrepreneur, then everything is the same, only you still need to pay taxes. In this case, you can get a certificate. If you work as an entrepreneur, then it is absolutely legal for stores to require you to provide a declaration of conformity and a certificate of quality. You are running a business. LPH does not conduct entrepreneurial activity, but sells surplus products obtained on its farm for personal needs. This is the fundamental (legal and legal) difference between private household plots and all forms of entrepreneurial activity. Accordingly, the requirements for accompanying documentation for products from household plots are different.

You can sell the crop grown on your own not only on the market, your products may be of interest to organizations Catering, cafes, restaurants that are in your area. If you yourself do not want to stand in the market and trade your goods, you can give them for sale to individual entrepreneurs working in the market.

If you sell the harvest not directly to the consumer of the product, but by the above methods, then with legal entities and individual entrepreneurs who purchase products from you, it is advisable to conclude sales contracts or contracts for the supply of products in order to avoid any disagreements.

The topic gives a good answer about permits. But in any business there are weaknesses.
The products of private household plots are not subject to personal income tax, there is no obligation to register as an individual entrepreneur if the area of ​​the land plot corresponds to the size of the plots allocated for private household plots, approved by the subject of the Federation, and hired labor is not used.
This mandatory conditions, and then options. The owner of private household plots must sell their products to citizens for personal consumption, sometimes it is possible to sell them to shops, restaurants, etc. Everything is up to you and tax office. Of course tax authorities will try to prove that your activity is entrepreneurial. Criteria - sales volumes, the number of contracts with legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.
Consequently, in a situation where most or all of the products grown in household plots are sold, purchase and sale transactions are concluded systematically, and individual entrepreneurs or organizations act as buyers, inspectors may well consider entrepreneurial activity.
If a citizen - the owner of private household plots is also registered as individual entrepreneur, then tax inspectors almost always try to include income from the sale of agricultural products grown in private household plots in its income from entrepreneurial activity.