Start-up capital for quail breeding. Quail breeding business. Important nuances of quail breeding at home
The main idea or concept of a quail farm business is that quail eggs and meat have a large sales market (second after chicken eggs), and in every Russian city or village you can see quail eggs for sale.
Quail farm perspective like profitable business project, is based on the fact that:
- Quail eggs are a valuable immunomodulatory food product and contain a whole set of vital vitamins (A, P and K, B1, B2, iron, cobalt) and other trace elements necessary for the human body. This is in particular confirmed by the fact that in biopharmaceuticals, especially in the field of gerontology and technologies of life extension (anti-aging), the protein of quail eggs is widely used.
- Meat and semi-finished meat products from quails are considered a delicacy and dietary food, especially in restaurant business.
- The unique egg production of quails allows getting the first eggs from the bird already at 6 weeks of age. On average, an egg-bearing quail produces 280-330 eggs per year. This allows you to have almost uninterrupted quail eggs and meat, to ensure a stable supply of farm products to the market of any capacity.
- To create or start a business does not require large investments, sophisticated equipment, technologies. Also, the farmer does not need to obtain a license to raise the quail population and sell products.
- The market for quail eggs, as well as for meat, in the Russian commercial and consumer sector has been showing constant positive dynamics for over 20 years. This speaks of the sustainability of demand and the further prospect of market expansion.
The payback period of the quail farm project is 24 months.
Initial investment will be equal 2 445 000 rub.
The break-even point is reached at 5 a month of work of the quail farm.
Monthly net profit - 105 555 rub.
2. Description of the business, product or service
The project of the quail farm provides for its specialization in the production and supply of quail eggs to the commercial and consumer markets. This is the main product of the farm and its output will be approximately 98%.
The rest of the insignificant part of supplies will be carried out in the form of selling quails in live weight for restaurants that have quail meat dishes in their menu. This part of the production is sporadic and very insignificant in the volume of the entire business of the farm.
The project starts with 2000 quails, reaches 4500 quails by the end of the year, after which it stabilizes. Taking into account the egg production of quails capable of laying 300 days a year, on average, each bird is expected to yield 20-25 eggs per month. Moreover, the quail begins to bring the first eggs already at 5-6 weeks of age. The total gross flow of eggs from the farm to the market will be from 2,500 dozen at the first stage to 10,000 dozen by the time when the number of birds is optimal and sales are established.
The most egg-bearing bird breeds - Japanese quail, English black quail and Manchu golden quail - will be selected as the main type of quail.
All these breeds are well adapted to keeping in small farms and in Russian climatic conditions.
The average selling price of a dozen quail eggs is 60 rubles.
The main sales channel will be focused on the commercial sector - culinary, bakery and confectionery companies, enterprises producing dietary and baby food, mayonnaise, creams and other semi-finished food products. A small part, about 15% -20%, of the products is planned to be delivered to retail chains and shops.
It is also planned to work with various medical institutions and sanatoriums of the state or municipal sector under contracts concluded during participation in special electronic auctions for the supply of goods and services for state and municipal needs.
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3. Description of the sales market
For a qualitative assessment of the market for quail eggs and calculation economic efficiency This business project should take into account the following important market parameters.
Quail egg market volume and dynamics... Despite the fact that quail farming in Russia has recently begun to acquire industrial scale(only in the early 90s the first full-cycle quail farms appeared), only for the period from 2010 to 2016. the quail egg market has almost tripled. However, such rates are still quite far from the world average. So, for example, in Japan (considered the birthplace of quail breeding) in kind, the quail livestock market is growing annually by 8 million units. and in China - not less than 25 million units. The average annual growth rate of quail egg production is at the level of 4%, as well as the entire Russian market eggs in shell. The total volume of the egg market in Russia is about 5.5 billion dollars, where the main share is taken by the hen's egg (80%), the second place is the quail's egg (at least 15%) and the eggs of other birds.
The structure of demand for quail eggs in Russia differs little from most European countries, and the main share goes to industrial processing (for example, the production of mayonnaise), as well as to restaurants and confectionery business... Also, the quail egg is used for the preparation of dietary food and even for medical purposes (special creams, vaccines).
With regard to the use of quail meat, this segment of the consumer market occupies a very small share in general structure demand. Basically, quail meat is used in the restaurant business for the preparation of exotic dishes (earlier in Russia, quail meat was served exclusively to the table of tsars and the nobility close to them).
Taking into account the above brief analysis, the following important conclusions can be drawn:
- The Russian quail market and, in particular, egg production is still far from saturation, and the average annual growth rate of consumption of quail eggs (to a lesser extent - meat) of 4-5% makes it possible to count on a long investment horizon, at least 10-15 years.
- The measures taken by the Russian government to protect the domestic agricultural market from competition from import suppliers guarantee comfortable conditions for the development of both large agricultural holdings and small farms.
In addition, it should be noted that the gradual introduction of the majority of Russians to healthy way life, use of dietary products (where quail eggs do not occupy the last place) gives prospects for an increase in demand for the products of the quail farm, even within a separate municipal district or urban settlement.
4. Sales and Marketing
5. Production plan
To solve the organizational problem and legal registration of the quail farm business, the form of IP ( individual entrepreneur), as the most suitable for starting the production of products at an enterprise with a small poultry population.
The main advantage of this form of legal registration is that it uses a simplified taxation system (STS) with a maximum tax rate of 6%.
Also in favor of the choice of the IP farm format is the fact that for accounting and tax reporting, you can use the services of a financial specialist outside staffing table enterprises (for example, in the form of outsourcing or remotely).
In addition to individual entrepreneurs, you can also use the option of registering a farm as a private household or a peasant farm (peasant farm). But this form contains restrictions on the use of tax incentives, which may further complicate business expansion through the creation of related types of industries.
The general scheme for registration of an individual entrepreneur has a standard form and is carried out within 3 working days, by submitting an application to the local branch of the Federal Tax Service. Together with the payment of the state duty for registration and execution of other documents, the amount of organizational costs will not exceed 10,000 rubles.
It should be borne in mind that when submitting an application, it is necessary to indicate the code of entrepreneurial activity according to a special classifier - OKVED.
For a quail farm, this code looks like this:
OKVED 01.24 "Breeding of poultry».
In addition to registering a farm as a business, you should issue a package permits, due to the very specifics of the quail economy. The list of such mandatory documents includes:
- a resolution of the local administration (signed by the head of the city or district) authorizing the construction of a quail farm. This document has the form of a separate order on the official letterhead of the head of administration or a representative body (city or village council) of the municipality;
- permits from departments of Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision (veterinary supervision) for the operation of premises, equipment for keeping poultry - quails;
- a contract for the treatment or disposal of waste, as well as a permit for the disposal of biowaste, approved by the unit of the local Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision;
- a certificate for the compliance of workplaces with the requirements of SanPiN - issued in the labor inspection at the location of the farm (in the municipal authorities).
- The certificate of conformity (ROSTEST certificate according to the regulations of TU 9846-036-23476484-04) for the products of the quail farm and obtaining an individual barcode for a specific enterprise. These documents are issued in the regional divisions of Rospotrebnadzor.
In addition, contracts with local water supply, utilities and electricity supply companies will be required.
The final amount required to obtain all permits and register a business in the IP format will not exceed 70,000 rubles.
Perhaps everyone has heard about the benefits of quail eggs and meat. The demand for this product and low competition make many novice entrepreneurs think about this type of activity as a business. Having once tried keeping birds for their own needs, people begin to consider quail breeding as their main business. Of course, in an unstable economic situation, it is not easy to start any entrepreneurial activity. But, if you consider all the disadvantages and advantages of this idea, then a quail farm can be an optimal investment of money.
Considering any business project, you should immediately pay attention to its relevance and prospects. After all, further success depends on these indicators.
This view entrepreneurial activity has a quick payback and high profitability... In addition, small start-up investments allow novice businessmen to pay attention to this project.
A business idea for quail breeding can be implemented in two ways:
- egg production and laying hens;
- breeding of poultry as a supply of meat.
The choice of direction is largely determined by the competitive environment and the scale of the business. Therefore, the most important point in the implementation of this project will be the analysis of the competitive environment and the market.
The best option is to combine these two areas within one farm.
Quail meat has a special delicate taste and is appreciated all over the world due to its rich set of microelements. The meat of this bird has been valued in Russia for a long time, but before it was preferred to be hunted. Later, quail breeding became one of the areas of the agricultural industry.
Diet poultry meat is considered one of the most easily digestible and contains up to 22% protein in a refined form. The high content of useful vitamins (A, H, K) and low calorie content make this product a frequent menu in the diet of children, athletes and those who watch their figure.
But, despite the apparent advantages of the product, the competition in the market is not high enough, which opens up great opportunities for novice entrepreneurs.
Cons and pros of the project
Bird breeding has many advantages and disadvantages, but each of them can differ from region to region. We tried to average the indicators of the bird breeding process and demonstrate the standard pros and cons.
- good payback;
- low costs;
- fast development;
- low concentration of competitors;
- high demand for products.
Low competition, perhaps, is one of the key points indicating great prospects. Given the increased popularity of natural products and the general orientation of the whole world to proper dietary nutrition, the demand for eggs and quail meat has increased significantly. At the same time, it is not able to fully satisfy the market potential that is present on the market today.
Quail business
In this regard, the idea of quail breeding is very promising. In some regions of our country, it is completely difficult to find farms that breed birds on a professional basis.
- short life expectancy;
- avian disease (influenza, salmonellosis, pullorosis, etc.).
On the large-scale production as a rule, laying hens are kept for up to 11-12 months only as production of eggs for sale. Their eggs are no longer suitable for incubation. In the conditions of a small farm, for 250-300 heads, it is very unprofitable to keep the parent flock separately only for the production of eggs. Therefore, experts recommend replacing birds every 8-9 months. By this time, the next generation should have grown up, ready to produce eggs for sale and incubation.
As for poultry diseases, at the slightest ailment, farmers get rid of a weak individual so that it does not infect the rest of the herd.
Breeding technology
Breeding quails for the sale of meat and eggs is a great alternative to traditional chicken products. Unlike chickens, quails do not need to build a large chicken coop. For them, it is necessary to equip cages.
Consider 1 square meter for 50 quails.
One of the key requirements for keeping birds is to ensure optimal temperature regime and sanitary standards of the premises (cells). For high fertility, it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature in the range of 18-20 ° C.
With a strong drop in temperature (up to 15 ° C), the bird can significantly reduce productivity and completely stop laying eggs. If we allow a critical drop in temperature to 7-8 ° C, then it may die altogether.
In hot conditions, it begins to lose plumage and also reduces productivity. Therefore, maintaining a constant temperature in the cells is one of the primary tasks. To ensure normal conditions of detention, it is also necessary to provide a ventilation and cooling system. IN winter period- heating of racks-cages.
Cell selection
The next point is to select the correct cell. Ideally, of course, to purchase specialized equipment for the farm, but at minimal investment, you can make a cage yourself.
How to choose the right cage? First of all, it must be made of galvanized mesh or metal. Universal devices will not work here, since the distance between the rods should be clearly calculated for the size of the quail's head. Birds should freely stick their heads between the rods in order to take food or reach the water, but do not leave the cage or get stuck.
The height of their "house" should not exceed 20 cm, behavioral factors should be taken into account here. Quails are prone to jump and high ceilings can cause head injury.
You should also provide for the presence of a tray for rolling eggs. Unlike chickens, these birds fly straight to the floor.
To maintain sanitary cleanliness, you need to put a container for droppings in the cage.
As for the volume of the quail's habitat, there are clear numbers here, which should not be violated. For every 10 heads, you need to provide 20 square centimeters of space. Interestingly, for chickens, a decrease in free space not only does not affect egg production, but, on the contrary, leads to an increase. And in the case of quail, you can get the opposite effect.
Quail cage prices
Quail cage
Feed requirements
For normal development and effective productivity of females, it is necessary to purchase quality feed from trusted suppliers.
The most simple step is the purchase of ready-made feed. For broiler chicks, compound feed marked PK-5-2, PK-1, PK-6 is suitable. It contains the necessary amount of protein, which affects the egg production of the female.
Feeding should be strictly according to the clock - three times a day. Depending on the breed, the daily feed rate is 22-30 grams.
To increase productivity and gain weight, it is recommended to add food additives to the main feed. These can be vegetables, fresh herbs, vitamins.
If you thoroughly understand agriculture, then it can be analyzed that almost all compound feeds for poultry have a similar composition. The difference is the grinding of the grain and the food additives. The difference also lies in the periods of introduction of a particular feed.
Given the early maturity of quails, it is of great importance to purchase starter feed saturated with nutrients. This allows a small chick to grow in size almost 15 times in 30 days.
Novice poultry breeders need to figure out how to organize feeding the chicks. You can get a healthy brood if you have a balanced diet. Attention is also paid to the conditions of detention. You will learn how to feed the quail in the first days of life by reading this article.
When little chicks appear, the farmer has a new concern - special nutrition for the little ones. Feeding is very similar to feeding chickens. In the early days, you can give a hard-boiled egg, which must be carefully chopped so that the chick does not choke. After 12-14 days, they can be transferred to a full-fledged adult nutrition, taking into account the peculiarities of the breed.
The starter kit must include:
- grain (wheat, corn, barley);
- cake;
- yeast;
- broken shell, salt;
- meat and bone meal or fish.
Mandatory requirements for feed are nutritional value, balance, fine grinding.
Grain grinder prices
Grinder for crushing all types of feed grains and seeds
Newly hatched chicks need up to 25% protein in their feed for 30 days. Starting from the second month, this figure drops to 16%. For hens, it is about 20%.
With regard to the feeding process, it is important to choose the right drinkers and feeders for small birds. Given their light weight, the edges should be low.
To minimize costs, you can save on compound feed preparation with my own hands... This can almost triple the cost of the diet. An additional plus will be that you yourself will add the necessary trace elements and additives, depending on the health of the birds and the conditions of their keeping.
Quail food can be factory-made and prepared independently, but one thing is important - the correct composition. In our article you will find recipes for compound feed, varieties of ready-made compound feed. And you will also find out which compound feed is better: store feed or prepared yourself?
Choosing a breed
Initially, this bird was wild, but as a result of long selection, it gradually acquired the status of a poultry. Today, specialists number about 40 different types, each of which has its own characteristics in terms of content and productivity.
Experts classify quail for breeding according to the following criteria:
- meat breeds;
- meat and egg;
- egg.
Whichever option you choose, they are all productive and run well anyway. Another thing is that for the sale of meat it is better to select special people, for example the Pharaoh, who are gaining weight quickly.
The choice of a quail breed is the most important step in planning, because all further success and profit will depend on this.
Looking ahead, the most common breeds in Russia should be noted:
- Marble rock;
- Tuxedo;
- Estonian quail.
Japanese is especially loved among domestic farmers, as it is the least fastidious in terms of keeping conditions and is distinguished by increased immunity.
Meat breeds
A feature of this type is speed dial weight. With proper care and a balanced diet, in which useful trace elements and vitamins must be present, birds of this type gain up to 300-500 grams of weight.
It is one of the most common types of meat. It is not very productive and lays about 180-200 eggs per year. Adults reach up to 300-330 grams of weight, which explains their great popularity not only in Russia, but also abroad.
Texas (American)
Because of its white plumage, this bird is often called the Texas albino. This breed is one of the best for breeding as a meat supply, as adults reach a weight of 400 grams. As for productivity, females do not differ in high egg production, however, like all broilers. They produce up to 200 eggs per year.
The disadvantage is the large amount of feed consumption, which significantly reduces profitability.
Egg breeds
If in business the main emphasis is on the sale of eggs, then, of course, it is better to give preference to the purchase of birds of this species. They are distinguished by high productivity and allow to receive up to 300-350 pieces per year.
At the same time, females begin to rush from an early age, from 1-1.5 months, which increases the productivity of the business process.
The most popular breeds in this species are:
- Estonian;
Meat and egg breeds
As the name implies, this is a fairly universal variety, which is often purchased for household... If you are planning to establish a more specialized production, then experts still recommend purchasing egg and meat breeds separately.
The most popular in this type are English White Quail, English Black, Tuxedo. As a rule, the name of the breed determines the color of the plumage.
Eggs or meat?
The meat of these birds is considered dietary and one of the most useful, since it contains a large amount of protein and a low percentage of fat. In addition, it practically does not contain cholesterol, which makes it indispensable in the menu of pregnant women, children, people with high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.
Daily consumption of quail meat normalizes the level of cholesterol, strengthens the immune system.
As for eggs, it is because of them that farmers often begin to breed quail. Unlike other domestic birds, quail eggs can be eaten raw without fear of contracting infectious diseases. This is explained high temperature the body of females (about 42 ° C), which excludes the possibility of poisoning and the multiplication of bacteria.
A feature of birds is rapid puberty and early laying of eggs. For example, if the age of laying out a chicken starts at 8 months, then here it is reduced to 1-1.5 months.
Interesting! The benefits of quail eggs are proved by the fact that, for example, in Japan, pediatricians recommend that each student eat 2 eggs before lessons. This has a beneficial effect on the nervous system and improves the perception of information.
Having weighed all the pros and cons of each breed, it is important to clearly define for yourself for what purpose you plan to breed birds. After all, it is the choice of the format and the method of marketing that will determine the purchase. a certain kind birds.
As for calculating the benefits from the sale of eggs and meat, you need to clearly calculate the income even at the planning stage.
If you only trade in eggs, the poultry house is unlikely to pay off quickly.
Let's count. The average quail lays about 20 eggs per month. One egg on the market costs 5 rubles. The monthly income from one bird will be 100 rubles. With a livestock of 500, the income from the farm from the sale of eggs alone will amount to 50 thousand rubles. But this is only income, not net profit. Subtract from here transportation costs, utility bills and staff salaries and you will not get such a large amount.
And if you add all sorts of risks in the form of infection of layers, stress, which negatively affects productivity, then this income can even be halved.
Another form of doing business is selling eggs for incubation.
As a rule, farmers only donate rejected quails or excess males. Raising chicks for the sake of selling meat is not profitable, since meat is not very expensive. And given the small weight of an adult, it is quite difficult to make money on this.
In addition, it is necessary to keep a separate specialist who will pluck the feathers and butcher the carcasses. It will not be possible to do with so many carcasses on your own.
Live bird marketing
This option is very common in the poultry house. Quail can be sold at any age. And the bird costs the same as the finished carcass. As a result, with less labor costs, you can get more profit.
Business plan: where to start?
As in any other type of entrepreneurial activity, you should not immediately invest all the money in the purchase of live heads. Experts recommend starting with 300-500 quails and gradually increasing the yard in the future.
The purchase of a certain number of heads significantly affects the expense item, which will change the payback period. We quote an average of 500 head.
It is also important at this stage to correctly determine the format of the business, because you can breed birds for the sale of live heads, eggs or ready-made meat. In addition, it is worth immediately deciding whether you will buy adults or independently start hatching chicks using an incubator.
Organizational plan
This section of the document allows you to plan your activities step by step. Thus, the document becomes a desktop guide that allows you to complete tasks in a timely manner and calculate risks.
Business registration
The first stage of doing business, of course, is the registration part. It is necessary to obtain a business permit and a marketing license.
Choose by yourself the most acceptable form of entrepreneurship for yourself - LLC or individual entrepreneur and submit documents for registration.
With a small turnover, it will be enough to issue an individual entrepreneur and a form of payment for the Single Tax. Registration will not take long.
For the sale of products, it is necessary to issue certificates in the veterinary service. Without this, you will not be able to conclude contracts with large suppliers and sell products to restaurants, cafes and shops.
Required premises
As mentioned above, in terms of content, these birds are not very whimsical. Therefore, it will not be difficult to find the right room.
Here, first of all, it is necessary to focus on the size of the livestock and on the technical nuances that will allow maintaining the optimal temperature regime.
Requirements for the conditions of detention:
- temperature - from 18 to 25 ° C;
- humidity - within 68-70%.
What kind of staff is needed for breeding quails?
The success of any business depends not only on the correct organization of the premises, but also on the selection good specialists... To breed birds, you need to hire several people to work.
Of course, at the first stage, in order to minimize costs, you can independently perform all the duties of caring for the birds. But for large-scale farming, you cannot do without helpers.
You need to take a person who will clean the cages, remove garbage, add food and water.
It is also important to constantly monitor the health of birds, the incubation process. In addition, there should be a person responsible for marketing products, negotiating with suppliers, etc.
For a farm of 400-500 birds, two people will be enough.
The approximate staff looks like this:
- bird care specialist;
- driver / courier.
Quail farm equipment
Immediately think about a ventilation system that will drive fresh air from the street. In no case should there be drafts in the room, so the option of natural ventilation should be immediately excluded.
Primary requirements
Another feature of keeping these birds is the creation of subdued light. Whether in the wild or at home, birds do not like bright lights. Therefore, give up powerful lamps, give preference to economy lamps with shades.
This, by the way, is another plus, which speaks of the profitability of the business. Indeed, keeping chickens or ducks, on the contrary, requires bright lighting, which significantly increases energy costs.
With the number of livestock in 500 pieces, in winter it is necessary to think over a heating system. This point can be omitted only if the farm is designed for a thousand or more pieces. Then the bird warms itself, and there is no need to artificially heat the farm. You just need to take care of high-quality insulation of walls and roofs.
The main component of the farm equipment is cell batteries.
One battery consists of 5 cells and contains an autonomous feeder, drinker, tray for eggs that roll out.
The cages are at a slight slope for quick collection of eggs.
One battery can hold up to 250 individuals. They can be ordered ready-made, or you can save money and make them yourself from metal fittings, mesh and plywood.
Incubator for breeding chicks
The next item to purchase equipment will be an incubator for hatching chicks. Today on the market there are a large number of various models of domestic and foreign manufacturers. For home use, of course, the simplest model is also suitable, where you will mechanically set the temperature, humidity, and turn eggs.
Breeders are increasingly thinking about quail breeding. And the first step to success is raising full-fledged chicks in home incubators. You can buy an incubator for quail or make it yourself. We will talk about this in this article.
For large production, it is better to give preference to modern models with an automatic mode of turning eggs, maintaining temperature, humidity and the ability to work on an autonomous battery during a power outage.
So, to organize a medium-sized quail farm, you will need:
- incubator - 10 thousand rubles
- cell battery - 10 thousand rubles.
- brooder (nursery for chicks) - 2 thousand rubles.
The presence of a brooder makes it possible to greatly simplify the care of chicks, to increase productivity in the flock. In our article you will find the basic requirements for a nursery for chicks and how to make a brooder yourself.
If you plan to expand the scale and service in the future, you can immediately purchase:
- grain mill for self-made stern;
- automatic feather plucking machine;
- vacuumator (increases the period of sale of meat);
- refrigerator and freezer.
Egg incubators prices
Egg incubators
Initial purchase of birds
After the premises have been selected and all repair and construction work has been carried out, personnel have been selected and equipment has been purchased, the stage of purchasing birds begins.
Having decided on the number of livestock and the breed of birds, it is important to find a good and trusted supplier. Experts do not recommend taking all the livestock from one seller at once. It is better to divide the purchase into 2 parts and see which of the birds will be the most powerful and prolific. If necessary, you can always buy the required number of pieces.
Suitable age of quails for purchase is no older than 12-18 months. It is at this age that the young female reaches puberty, which means she is ready to lay eggs.
If for the purchase of chickens, ducklings and other birds there are recommendations on the time of year for purchase, then with quails things are easier. The productivity of females does not depend in any way on the season, and the farmer himself creates the necessary conditions for incubating eggs.
Quail in the nest
An important point: before purchasing livestock, the seller must definitely consult about the type of feed that the birds were previously fed with, and try not to change it. A change of place of residence and even more so a diet can dramatically affect the health and reduce the productivity of females.
If you plan to transfer the birds to your own food, then this should be done gradually, no earlier than a month after the resettlement.
Marketing plan
This section is the most important planning step. It is he who allows you to adequately assess the situation in the market, analyze competitive environment and determine the pricing correctly.
Sales channels
Even at the stage of searching for premises and purchasing equipment, it is important to determine the distribution channels. Depending on the business model (sale of meat, eggs, chicks), it is necessary to think over who will buy products in bulk.
Given the active productivity of the quail and the short shelf life, you must be sure of an established marketing.
How to search for clients?
- Analyze the market and identify the main competitors in the region close to you.
- Study their products, prices, sales form.
- Form commercial proposal and send (or personally deliver) to the heads of cafes, restaurants, supermarkets, shops. Visit fairs, markets, etc.
Financial plan
This is one of the most time consuming sections of the documents, which reflects the entire financial essence of the project. Here it is necessary to correctly assess the risks, calculate costs and revenues, determine the break-even point, payback and profitability of the project.
When detailing the costs, it is important to understand that the main part will fall on the purchase of materials for the construction of the farm, repairs (if a ready-made room is purchased).
Also, this should include the purchase of birds, feed, staff salaries and business registration costs.
When calculating profit, you should correctly determine the cost of production. Do not forget that it includes not only the purchase of the bird itself, but also its maintenance, nutrition, Communal expenses, transport, wage specialists, etc.
Likewise with profitability. It is important to split up the one-time costs, which include purchasing equipment, building or repairing a farm. And there are fixed costs in the form of salaries, utilities, advertising, etc.
Costs
All farm maintenance costs can be divided into two types:
- capital (one-time);
- monthly.
Based on this, we make an estimate.
Capital expenditures
Monthly expenses
Calculation of profitability and profitability
We calculate the proceeds from the sale of eggs:
Above, justifying the idea of breeding quails for the sake of selling eggs, we said that one bird lays about 20 eggs per month. But not all eggs from females will be sold. To enlarge the farm, approximately 1/3 of it needs to be set aside for incubation.
Thus, the income from the sale of eggs will be 200 quails * 20 eggs * 5 rubles = 20 thousand rubles.
The female eats 900 grams of feed for 20 rubles per month. 500 females * 20 p = 10 thousand rubles will be spent on feed.
We calculate the proceeds from the meat trade:
1 carcass weighing 250 grams costs 100 rubles.
Sold per month - 100 carcasses.
100 * 100r = 10 thousand rubles.
Conclusion: based on the compiled document and the calculation of the financial part, the average payback period will be 5 months. The poultry house will generate income in the amount of 35-40 thousand rubles.
In order to increase the volume and expand production, you can invest in new equipment and expand services, sales market.
- It is not worth investing all the money in the purchase of young animals at once.
- Eggs for incubation and young animals should be purchased from trusted suppliers, preferably from two or three.
- Breeding quails, you should not rely only on the sale of eggs or meat. A universal approach will increase profitability.
- To minimize personnel costs, some specialists can be invited from outside, if necessary. The main part of the work will have to be taken over at the first stage.
- Selecting the right equipment. Given the diminutive size of the birds, the cages should not be tall.
- Maintaining a constant temperature regime within 18-25 ° C.
- The farm does not require large sizes and can easily be accommodated in a barn, room. The only caveat is that you need to provide ventilation and fresh air flow, but at the same time avoid drafts.
Summing up: is it profitable to breed quail?
Summing up, it should be said that quail breeding is quite a profitable business. The birds do not require special care, do not take up much space and at the same time are distinguished by high productivity.
A business can be built in several directions, and over time there are options for expanding activities to maintain large incubators, your own smokehouse, etc.
The average payback period is up to six months.
A bird such as a quail can be bred without unnecessary problems in an apartment environment. An insulated balcony is an ideal solution. If the area of the balcony is about 2.5 square meters, then 500 layers can be placed in it: for 200 heads, only 1 square meter is enough space.
- The room temperature should be between 19 and 23 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in the cold season, when breeding quails in a personal plot, heating will be needed. In home apartments, the problem of heat is usually not addressed;
- The average air humidity is 60%. If the air humidity is less, then the feather will begin to fall out of the bird;
- Quails need lighting. But it should be dim. For a balcony or other separate room, a 40 W lamp is sufficient. In brighter light, birds begin to peck at each other;
- There should be no drafts in the room.
The quail must be well fed so that meat and eggs are of sufficient value and the poultry is healthy. Since the quail business is not widespread in Russia, there is no special feed mixture for quails.
But experienced quail breeders noted that the bird prefers food containing:
- Barley - 1 part;
- Ground shell - 1 part;
- Wheat - 6 parts;
- Corn - 5 pieces;
- Sunflower meal and / or fish meal - 7 parts.
Quails are bred in cages of about 40-50 birds. Cages are often built by novice entrepreneurs on their own, but the material - a metal mesh - must be purchased on their own. You can also buy ready-made cells.
Ready-made business plan for breeding quail at home
It turns out that for a year of life, a bird will lay 10 months, and this is 160-240 eggs from one quail. This figure reaches about 100,000 units per year.
The most difficult thing in this business is to find places to sell products. If the farm is still small (500 birds), then your relatives and friends should certainly become the first buyers of eggs and meat. At the same time, emphasis should be placed on the usefulness of eggs and meat, their dietary and nutritional qualities. This will not be superfluous, since the high value of these products has been proven by Japanese scientists.
The main competitors of quail eggs and meat are chicken eggs and their meat. Inform buyers about the value of quail eggs and meat. Then sooner or later they will make a choice in favor of quail.
Your first customers will definitely tell their friends about the purchase of your products, and those will tell other people. And so your customer base will expand, almost like a nuclear reaction.
For the sale of eggs and meat in stores, it is necessary to collect a certain list of documents confirming that the products meet all standards. Collecting documents is a very troublesome business.
Therefore, you should establish contact with local poultry farms: they do not stand on ceremony with documentation, and they buy quail eggs very willingly. At the same time, the price of products will be lower, since the farm will need to resell it on the market under its own recognizable brand with a profit for itself. But this way of marketing eggs and meat is very attractive.
Quail carcasses and eggs can be sold in restaurants. But in cooperation with any commercial organization it is necessary to establish regular deliveries of products, otherwise you risk losing a place to market the goods.
What you need to breed quail
So, to start a business, you need 500 quails, 10 cages and feed.
You can create a suitable microclimate at the expense of electrical energy for lighting and heating the room. The conditions for keeping poultry are described above.
All that remains is to collect the eggs in a timely manner, remove the droppings and slaughter the poultry.
In year 1, the bird eats 10 kilograms of feed. A year, 500 layers will require 5 tons of feed.
Since it is unprofitable to raise offspring with the help of brooding quails, it is necessary to purchase an incubator. With the help of an incubator, you can reproduce offspring all year round... Then there will be no problems with a shortage of poultry, and you will pass some crises in business development.
What is how much
- 500 quails, 100 rubles each - 50,000 rubles. This figure is very arbitrary. On the market you can find a bird for 50-150 rubles, depending on the breed of bird. Therefore, the purchase price of quails can vary from 25,000 to 75,000 rubles;
- Cages for 40-60 places - 10 pieces, 1000 rubles each - 10,000 rubles;
- Feed at the rate of 150 rubles per year for 1 bird - 75,000 rubles;
- Electricity costs - 13,000 will be enough;
- Small incubator - 5,000 rubles.
As a result, 153,000 rubles will be spent in the first year. If you make the cages yourself and choose cheaper breeds of poultry, then the costs can be reduced to 130-135 thousand rubles.
All subsequent years you will be spent only on feed and providing the bird with light and heat - no more than 90,000.
Now let's calculate the income:
- Since egg production decreases annually and the bird is slaughtered, we will count the number of eggs received in 10 months. On average, this figure reaches 200 eggs. One egg costs 1.5 rubles. Total, from one bird per year - 300 rubles at the expense of eggs. From 500 layers - 150,000 rubles;
- A kilogram of quail meat costs 300-400 rubles. One carcass - 100 grams. 500 carcasses - 50,000, or 50 kilograms, which is equivalent to 17,500 rubles per year;
- Litter can also be sold. It is a very valuable fertilizer with a high nitrogen content. For 1 bag of droppings, you can get about 1000 rubles. You will be able to collect 2-3 bags per year, which will average 2.5 thousand rubles.
Total income for 1 year: 170,000.
Thus, the business of breeding quails at home pays off in one year with interest, and the subsequent keeping of the birds will generate income of about 80,000 rubles a year, which is about 7,000 rubles a month.
The income is small. But don't forget that this is a quail farm on your balcony. As your client base expands, your poultry population will increase 3-4 times, or even more. Incomes increase accordingly.
Then the net profit will be 21-28 thousand rubles, which is the average wages... And this is when caring for quails is extremely simple - only one or two helpers are enough, who will always be in the family.
Summing up
Having calculated the costs and incomes of the quail breeding business, you can make an unambiguous choice in its favor.
For the successful development of entrepreneurial activity, you need:
- Provide optimal climatic conditions for poultry;
- Build cells;
- Purchase quail;
- Provide adequate nutrition for the bird;
- Remove droppings and collect eggs in a timely manner, monitor the egg production of each bird, slaughter it for meat;
- Buy an incubator for growing offspring;
- Find a place to sell products;
- Expand your business as you expand your sales outlets. But for regular delivery to large shopping centers without intermediaries, a livestock of 5,000 layers and more is required.
You are only 8 steps away from a wealthy and easy life. If you manage to occupy your niche in the quail breeding business now, then in the future you will be able to establish yourself with better side, and new entrepreneurs-competitors will not be able to squeeze you in the market.
Videos on how to build a quail breeding business
Consider quail breeding as a business: is it profitable or not? Quail eggs coexist with chicken eggs on the shelves, although they are significantly inferior to them in terms of demand. They are considered more useful, but the mainstream consumer does not buy them as constantly as chicken. Let's analyze all the costs and difficulties of keeping quails in order to understand whether it is worth investing in these birds.
To understand whether it is profitable to run a quail farm, consider a quail breeding business plan. These birds are raised for meat and eggs. Selling eggs in this case is more profitable, since the markup for them is 3-4 times higher than for chicken eggs. Profitability meat production below: slaughter, processing of carcasses, veterinary control make the cost of quail meat high.
All poultry has a shorter profit cycle than livestock. From this point of view, growing quail is more profitable and significantly cheaper than, for example, large cattle or pigs. Quails quickly reach maturity: egg production and optimal weight are already in 2-3 months. Even according to the most rough calculations, in 6 months you can have time to carry out 3 cycles.
Do I need to register a quail business? The answer depends on the goals of the entrepreneur. If you plan to sell meat and eggs to retail chains, you will have to register. You will also need to obtain permission from the veterinary service and sanitary inspection. Running a household for family needs or selling small lots to friends is permissible without official registration.
Quails are bred for meat and eggs, but they are inferior in popularity to chicken products.
Pros and cons of growing quail
Practice shows that even a farmer who has no experience in poultry can cope with raising quail. Keeping these birds is easy. This is a definite plus, as in Opportunity to become a producer of a quality natural product - eggs and meat. Both products are in moderate demand. Quails grow well and are unpretentious in keeping. But there are also disadvantages.
The quail business can only be organized in countryside... The distance from other residential buildings must be at least 100 meters. The farm requires green spaces. A large herd produces a lot of waste. For example, in just 1 day, 1000 birds will produce 10 kg of manure, which will need to be stored somewhere or disposed of.
There are two options: a large slurry pit (a closed concrete pit where waste accumulates) or several plastic barrels to collect manure. A large manure tank is required for large farms, for small ones it is better to do with barrels. In any case, a lot of attention will have to be paid to waste.
Market and competitor analysis
In most regions of Russia there are producers of quail eggs and meat. But there are not so many of them, the market cannot be called oversaturated. Unfortunately, the demand for quail products is also low, which explains the incompleteness of the market. But even in such conditions, the new manufacturer is guaranteed to find a niche in the market. Customers of quail products are:
- retail chains targeted at retail customers;
- manufacturers of mayonnaise and sauces;
- confectionery manufacturers;
- cafes and restaurants of Russian cuisine.
All quail farms will be competitors. Other poultry farms - chicken, turkey - should not be considered as competitors. Even if there are already several suppliers of quail products in the region, you should not abandon the idea of breeding birds for this reason alone. In this case, it will be necessary to work on targeted sales: to find new customers not covered by competitors' products.
Room selection
What kind of premises does the business require? Quails live in dry and warm poultry houses, where they are not harmed by drafts. The area is determined by the size of the herd. 70-80 birds live comfortably on 1 square meter (egg-laying females will be removed in an amount of up to 100 birds). The quails are very small. "Meat" specimens grow up to a maximum of 300 grams, and "layers" - up to 120. Therefore, 1000 birds can easily fit in 100 square meters. Space can be saved if the cells are arranged in tiers.
Quails are usually housed in separate sheds. So that the livestock does not get sick and does not die, maintain optimal health and fertility, the following requirements are observed:
- stable temperature at the level of 18-20 degrees (more in the section "Maintaining the temperature in the room");
- no drafts;
- remoteness from city noise;
- good ventilation;
- soft light is provided by incandescent lamps 40-50 W;
- daylight hours - 17 hours;
- the light turns on and off at the same time;
- humidity above 55% and below 75%.
Equipment
The poultry house needs to maintain optimal conditions, so you will have to purchase special equipment:
- air conditioner;
- heater;
- ventilation;
- incubator;
- spare power generator;
- artificial lighting lamps;
- cages and equipment for feeding birds.
Cells
It is not necessary to buy cages. You can save money and make them yourself from plywood and gratings. At the bottom of the cage, a slight slope is made to simplify the collection of eggs. Be sure to equip drip drinking bowls. Quails drink a lot and a lack of fluid will have a bad effect on their health, egg production and weight gain.
Incubator
An incubator is required to renew and grow livestock. Purchased or homemade does not matter. Quail females eventually stop hatching eggs, but it is necessary to hatch chicks. Then the eggs are checked with an ovoscope (they shine through and find out the number of yolks, the state of the egg) and placed in an incubator at a temperature of 39 degrees. In the long term, incubation will not work.
With age, females stop hatching eggs, so an incubator is required on the farm
Brooder
After the incubator, the chicks are placed in a brooder - a special container where the chicks live for the first days. The purpose of the brooder is to replace the hen with incubator chickens. What is it? A closed container, inside which there are a feeder, a drinker, a lamp and a heater. Sometimes a brooder is made from a cardboard box, but this is not a good solution. The cardboard will quickly cool down, get wet, get dirty. The best decision- wood. The size depends on the number of chicks.
In the brooder, the chickens are in a comfortable warm environment, which is created by an infrared lamp. She is located so that chicks cannot contact her. Drafts and high humidity are excluded. Drawings and types of brooders are easy to find on the net.
Maintaining the room temperature
2 factors noticeably affect the health of quails: comfortable conditions of detention and food. In conditions of stay of birds, temperature is dominant. In a poultry house where quails grow, the temperature should never fall below 18 degrees, since in this case the quails stop laying. At low temperatures, birds huddle together, injure each other and even suffocate. Take care of your livestock and provide them with optimal heat limits - 18-25 degrees.
Quails need stable heat, a heater and an alternative electricity generator must be installed in the house, so that if the main one is turned off, they do not lose all the birds.
Quail feed
Second important factor- food. How to feed quail for optimal weight and egg production? The diet of meat birds is different from that of laying hens. But the food must be fresh anyway. Wet food is mixed with cereals. A liquid or pasty consistency is not suitable for feeding birds. The food should not lie for more than 2 hours, otherwise the risk of poisoning increases. They feed the birds at the same hours, especially they should eat a lot at night.
It is best to feed the livestock with compound feed. Their composition is optimal for the health of birds, contains all the necessary nutrients and vitamins. Self-cooked meals may not contain any critical nutrient and generally do not contain enough protein. Vitamin D is very important, it is usually included in the feed. Quails need calcium, they are allowed to peck on eggshells. Better to put it in a separate container.
Fresh greens, sprouted oats and grated carrots are good for birds. You cannot give them tomatoes, potatoes, euphorbia and parsley, buckwheat and lupine.
The hatched chicks are kept in a brooder - a special device that replaces a brood hen
Quail for meat
Special quails go for fattening meat breeds, females that have stopped laying eggs, and weak chicks. Fattening lasts an average of 1 month, males and females are kept separately. How do you know if a bird has reached its optimum slaughter weight? Such an individual is distinguished by a noticeable layer of subcutaneous fat on the chest. When fattening, birds eat a lot, but the amount of food is added gradually. Do not sharply increase portions: this will cause digestive problems.
For slaughter, birds are fed 3-4 times a day. Standard scheme: 80% compound feed and 20% boiled peas. You can use compound feed for broiler chickens. In the morning and in the evening, quails receive a portion of greens with fat, for example, with sunflower fooze. Before slaughter, the birds are not fed for 5 hours, but a lot of water is given.
Quail for eggs
Laying hens are fed with compound feeds with a high protein and calcium content. These are critical components that help birds achieve high egg production. It will not be superfluous to add chalk, shells, yeast and salt to the diet of such quails. Sometimes worms and maggots are added to the diet.
Compound feed for them should include:
- corn;
- peeled oats;
- wheat;
- legumes;
- meat and bone and fish meal;
- cottage cheese;
- boiled eggs;
- vegetables;
- mineral supplements.
Breeds for breeding
To breed your own quail livestock, you will have to purchase birds. There are several breeds of quail with different properties. Some are larger and suitable for slaughter, others are more egg-laying. Most popular breeds:
- Japanese (egg-laying);
- English white (egg-laying);
- English black (meat);
- pharaohs (meat);
- texas (meat);
- Estonian (meat);
- tuxedo (meat);
- Manchu golden (egg meat);
- Chinese painted (egg);
- virgin (meat).
It is important for a farmer to find regular buyers for their products, then the investment will pay off quickly
Calculation of business profitability
Marketing quail eggs and meat is more difficult than marketing chicken. Typically, farmers start with a circle of acquaintances and then, through word of mouth, attract new customers. Cooperate with retail chains, food manufacturers and establishments Catering, will only work for registered farms with all the necessary sanitary permits.
It will take up to 200 thousand rubles to create a livestock. One thoroughbred quail costs an average of 200 rubles. 100 birds - 20 thousand, 500 birds - 100 thousand, 1 thousand - 200 thousand. Compound feeds will cost an average of 30-40 thousand rubles. For equipment for the poultry house such as cages, an incubator, a heater and an air conditioner - another 100 thousand rubles. Total: about 300-400 thousand rubles to create a full-fledged economy.
When will the costs be recouped? A good indicator of egg production is considered to be a level of 25-30 eggs per month. One egg is sold at a price of 2 to 5 rubles. Suppose there are 200 layers on a farm that have laid 5,000 eggs in a month. The income from their sale will amount to 10,000 - 25,000 rubles. If you receive money only from eggs, you can return 400 thousand rubles on average in a year and a half.
1 kg of quail meat is sold for 400-500 rubles. 1 meat quail, at best, will give 250 grams of meat. 1 kg - 4 birds. To earn 100 thousand rubles, you need to sell 200 kilograms of meat or 800 birds. Typically, to increase the rate of return, farmers combine meat and egg production. However, promises of payback in 2 months widespread on the Internet are very far-fetched and do not correspond to reality.
What can you save on
Increase the rate of return not only by selling a lot, but also by reducing the initial costs. Here are some helpful guidelines:
- Make your own incubator and brooder. Detailed instructions and even there are a lot of videos on the Internet. This will save at least 20 thousand rubles.
- Prepare the food yourself. Without buying ready-made, you can save 30-40 thousand rubles. The main thing is not to forget to monitor their composition and freshness.
- Don't buy cages, make them yourself. At least 5 thousand rubles.
- Sell hatching eggs... They cost 3-4 times more.
Conclusion
Breeding quails is not difficult, but you will not be able to make money quickly on it. These birds are unpretentious, they only need a stable warm temperature, light and food on schedule. Their eggs and meat are more expensive than chicken eggs, but not so much in demand. Quail is more profitable to keep in a large farming together with other birds or animals.
Breeding of quails - by investing 35,000 rubles, in 2 months you will come out "in plus". Introducing a step-by-step guide that will sort everything out.
Breeding capital investment: from 35,000 rubles.
Return on business on quails: 2-3 months.
Breeding quail at home can really be a great alternative to a chicken or goose business.
In addition to small investments in the start, this idea also attracts with the simplicity of implementation.
At the same time, they can fly very actively: 50 females can bring up to 45 eggs a day!
As you can see, there are many advantages, although there are also disadvantages.
Let's take a closer look at the pitfalls of business, how to organize the implementation of an idea and which breeding method to choose.
Important nuances of quail breeding at home
On the Internet, you can find many positive feedback about the quail breeding business.
Indeed, quite a few entrepreneurs have established their sales channel and are successfully developing their business.
However, beginners shouldn't be completely optimistic.
After all, this idea has several significant nuances, which he rarely talks about:
Moreover, do not forget to subtract at least ¼ of them that you send to the incubator.
There is a myth that quails do not get sick.
This is not so, it is just that it is easier for these birds to cut off problems at the root, to extinguish the epidemic in the bud.
In addition to diseases, the productivity of quails can be influenced by ... yes, anything!
Temperature changes, stress, food changes, even noisy guests.
In what conditions can quail breeding be arranged?
Interesting fact:
In Japan, schoolchildren eat two quail eggs before class. It helps to improve memory, vision, strengthens the nervous system, and also helps the development of the whole organism.
The first thing that you must learn is the correct temperature regime.
Quails are not the finest of birds.
But temperature deviations will cause some problems.
It will be too hot, the birds will begin to rush less.
Too cold - they may die altogether.
How to choose a cage for quail breeding?
You can make a cage yourself or buy a ready-made one.
What kind of "dwelling" will not suit the quails.
Pay attention to the requirement for a birdhouse:
- The main material for cells is metal.
- Feeding and feeding devices are installed at the front of the cage.
- You can make an effective fertilizer from the manure, the sale of which will bring additional income.
- To reduce the risk of egg disease and contamination, install a quail feces tray.
In case you didn't know, quails rush straight to the bottom of the cage.
Therefore, it is imperative to install a receiver for eggs that will prevent them from breaking.
In this case, the extra space can do more harm.
Quails are prone to sharp soars.
So a height over 20 cm can be traumatic.
There is no mistake - statistics show that, unlike chickens, the denser the birds sit, the better they rush.
What kind of staff is needed for breeding quails?
Breeding quail, like any other bird, requires hiring only a few people.For those who want to take everything exclusively into their own hands, recall: there are no days off and holidays in the quail breeding business.
If you don’t agree to be at the cage every day, hire helpers.
A small livestock can be served "from and to" by two people: remove droppings, monitor the condition of the birds, feed and water them, control the conditions in the room, prepare groundbait.
Do not forget about the process of selling products: the meat will need to be cut, the eggs packaged, and all this will also need to be delivered to customers.
This work is really "dust-free", but it takes a lot of time.
If you want to save money, you can ask your loved ones for help.
But if finances allow, hire the following people:
Search for sales channels for quail meat and eggs
The search for sources of marketing for household products should be sought immediately.After all, eggs cannot be stored for a long time, and birds will be actively laying.
Some will go to family needs, be transferred to friends and relatives.
But when it comes to business, it is obvious that more serious clients are required.
This is the only way to cover the costs of breeding quails, and in the future to receive income from this.
The market analysis algorithm looks like this:
Find out what kind of close customers, geographically, could start buying products from you or become points of sale.
These can be markets, fairs, shops, supermarkets, cafes.
Refer to their manual to determine the volume of demand for yourself.
Based on these data, it is possible to determine the number of livestock for domestic breeding.
An important point: what documentation is required for eggs and meat?
At a minimum, you need to be registered as an individual entrepreneur or LLC.
In addition, more serious partners may require quality certifications.
Analyze your competitors - disguised as customers or by examining their sites.
Determine their product prices, strengths and weaknesses.
It is important to highlight the competitive advantages that will make you stand out in the eyes of your customers.
Yes, home-based quail breeding is also worth promoting to increase your profit margins.
You don't have to use expensive TV ads.
The available methods of guerrilla marketing, with a skillful approach, also bear worthy results.
How much money do you need to breed quail?
It has already been mentioned more than once that breeding birds at home requires a very quick investment of funds.But what kind of amount are we talking about?
Capital investment in quail breeding at home
Monthly investment in quail breeding
An entrepreneur should not forget that apart from capital investments quail breeding will also require monthly expenses.
This should be kept in mind and not be tempted by just a small amount of start-up investment.
Quail income will begin to compensate for these expenses only after a few months.
The video below presents the main features of quail breeding:
Conclusion on the profitability of quail breeding
The dispute about the profitability of breeding quail at home is not closed.Some were able to turn this into a large-scale profitable business.
Others complain about low income.
To draw a conclusion for yourself, you need one in which you can calculate your performance.
Be sure to use the methods to improve business performance:
- If you do not give vitamins to quails during the change of seasons, their feather cover may completely fall out.
Purchase and add mineral quail feed to your food.
This is beneficial for the health of the birds and the quality of their egg production.
Pay attention to the width of the holes between the rods.
Ideally, only the head should go there so that the quails can eat.
These birds react very badly to bright light.
It causes excitability, aggression and even a decrease in egg production in them!
As you could see breeding quail at home will require small investments that can pay off in just a couple of months.
But you should not count on a large income in the future.
In order for profits to grow, the business will definitely need to scale.
But there is potential for this, because poultry meat and eggs always remain in the “grocery basket”!
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