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Effective business plan. Ready-made business plans for small businesses with calculations. Goods and services

Most likely Each of us has come across ideas that we lacked the knowledge and energy to implement. However, to realize any idea and achieve the intended goals, it helps to clearly build a plan and follow its guidance. To implement a business idea, entrepreneurs face the question of how to create a business plan, which will be discussed in this article, the purpose of which is to help beginners organize their business and calculate all the pros and cons of a new project.

You will learn how to make a business plan that will help you understand your assets and in case of a shortage, you can count on the support of sponsors who want to invest in a worthwhile cause.

What is a small business business plan, what does it consist of, who develops it?

This business organization tool will help you more organized approach to the implementation of your idea and related preparatory work.

After analyzing the ideas for your business, the question arises, how to draw up a business plan?

How to write a business plan for a small business and what is included in its structure:

Purposes and functions

A well-written business plan reveals the idea itself, its functions, the means necessary for the task, and the final profit. It displays the current economic and material activities of the enterprise and shows further prospects for its implementation.

When properly drafted, a business plan must be followed by its guidance until external or internal factors put such pressure on it that it needs to be adjusted.

It should be noted at the same time that a business plan is a document of a prospective nature, which is calculated for 2-3 years of its implementation.

Business plan features:

Calculate the activities needed to achieve the goal.
Present a project for investment.

Document composition

The document consists of two conditional parts, a description of the project and a presentation of the strengths of the idea.

How to learn how to draw up your own business plan diagram yourself - step by step instructions

How to build a business plan, the face of your future business, because any business at the initial stage of its inception requires clear planning. How to write a business plan step-by-step instruction presented in this article will help you do it right.

Evaluation of the prospects of the promoted product or service

If we focus on the relative market share and the growth rate of sales in the market, then this may not give necessary information, because market demand undergoes constant change. Also, the intensity of competitive growth makes the market unstable and unattractive.

Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the prospect of the promoted product as follows

Columns 2-5 are evaluated on a four-point scale: 4 - good, 3 - average, 2 - below average, 1 - bad. The final score will show how promising your promoted product is.

Making a cheat sheet for yourself

To visualize the feasibility of your project, it would be good to build a Gantt chart, which will display the dates of implementation of the various stages of promoting the idea.

Based on the analysis of the market and the competitiveness of the product, a strategic and tactical course of action is built to conquer the market.

The pricing policy is carried out on the basis of economic calculations and expected income.

Thus, the Gantt chart helps to achieve three main goals:

graphically visualize and simplify the perception and evaluation of your project;
helps to realistically assess the sequence and timing of the project;
makes it possible at any time to analyze the current affairs of the project and the progress of their implementation, which facilitates the process of its management.

goal setting

The development of a business plan begins with setting goals, for this you will need to honestly determine:

What do I want to achieve?
What do I benefit from this?
Why and who needs my project?
Then state the purpose of the project.
As a result, decide on what I draw up a business plan for.

Preliminary analysis of the market and competitors

In parallel with writing a business plan or before, a market analysis is carried out, the assessment of which will directly determine the success of your project. Having focused on a certain market niche and target audience, a rigorous analysis is carried out to identify the relevance of your idea and its implementation. In the course of the analysis, an excess of supply may be revealed, then the idea should be corrected according to the state of affairs in the market. In case of increased demand, you can safely get down to business. For market analysis, you can use outsourcing, but for organizing own business it would be better to research this issue yourself, this will help to give an objective assessment of your business and determine the strengths and weaknesses of your project.

Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of your project

It identifies the most likely problematic aspects and prospects for business ideas.

For analysis, use the SWOT matrix.

How to competently draw up the structure of a production project for investors yourself - the content of the main sections

The typical structure of a business plan and the content of its main sections to attract investors consists of several parts:

Summary - the summary of the project, which is displayed on the title page, plays a leading role in the consideration of the project by investors.

Business characteristics - detailed business information.

Market analysis - description of the market situation in your case.

Project description - rationale and description of the idea, especially its commercial side.

How to write a business plan to attract investors? This will require high level qualifications and awareness in their field, as well as experience and time to write a project. However, the implementation of such an idea may be rewarded with financial investments.

Summary

The summary of the project, although located at the beginning, is drawn up at the very end of writing the plan. When the document is fully prepared, it will be easier for you to present a summary of the project itself.

The summary includes several aspects:

objective of the project;
financial need;
competitiveness.

It depends on how competently and professionally you approach writing a resume, whether your project will be considered further or not.

Project idea and SWOT analysis

In describing your business in detail, it is important to maintain a balance, not to overdo it with details, but at the same time to provide all the necessary information for an investor on the topic. For this, one can describe general characteristics enterprises, the quantitative composition and professionalism of the working structure, tell about the main goods or services, promising aspects of production and other aspects of the business.

SWOT analysis will help to give a real assessment of your strengths and weaknesses, as well as point out possible risks or promising aspects of the project.

SWOT means:

strengths– strengths and perspective;

Weakness s - weaknesses and shortcomings;

Opportunities- chances, opportunities;

Threats- risks.

This section of the business plan is small in content, but the process of the analysis itself is considered quite complicated and takes a lot of time.

Conduct a market analysis tailored to your needs. Marketing analysis will help to collect full information by competitors and consumers, and define your target audience.
The next step will be to determine the optimal location of the office, enterprise, which will be convenient for the consumer. To do this, you need to compare the number of consumers that are needed for the business to pay off with the audience that is within the radius of the proposed location.
If the market is oversaturated with competitors, you will need to think over your strategic move, focusing on the uniqueness of your product or service.
Define distribution channels.
Calculate the necessary costs to attract the consumer.
Decide on the pricing policy, which tactics will be the most profitable, high cost with little demand or a competitive price with a large flow of consumers.
Service and maintenance is also not unimportant for most customers, while they are willing to pay more for the high quality service they receive.

Production

This section covers in detail the essence of your business: what do you plan to do?

The production plan states:

suppliers of goods and equipment;
location of the enterprise;
what is the performance;
step by step production;
level of qualification of employees;
calculation of the necessary deductions to various funds,
logistics costs.

Many factors affect how much money will be spent on the implementation of the future business.

When describing the technology of the final result of production, you will discover other sides of your idea that did not come to mind before. There will be questions related to the storage of goods or problems with the delivery of imported raw materials, a lack of qualified specialists in this field.

After all the subtleties, let's move on to the financial part. Subsequently, calculations may have to be made and adjustments to the plan itself, for example, to reduce costs or change production technology.

This section describes the entire structure of the enterprise and its management. Such a scheme simplifies the system of distribution of rights and powers of structural units.

Assuming the organization of the entire company, it will be easier to draw up a system of interaction between departments and personnel policy.

The organizational chart allows you to plunge deep into the production and reveals the truth of who and how will bring the project to reality.

Finance

When drawing up a financial plan, it is important to determine how much investment is required to start, how long they will pay off, from which the income and expenses of your business will be regulated.

The first thing you need to calculate is how much money you will need to invest in organizing and implementing the stability of your business. After that, the expected profit is calculated, the average number of consumers per month is predicted. This will allow you to calculate the real payback period of the project. This stage will help determine what the number of customers should be during the month, and what should be the amount in order to pay off the invested capital in a certain period of time.

The calculation indicators in this section will help you weigh all the pros and cons of this project, and understand whether the game is worth the candle or not. Potential investors also evaluate the project according to the data provided in the Finance section.

The financial section directly links all the points of the business plan.

In view of this, if adjustments or additions are made to any of the sections, then this will necessarily affect financial calculations, or vice versa, changes and adjustments in finance will affect other structures.

Risk Forecast

Based on financial indicators, compare the essence of the business plan and give an objective assessment of what you see. Is the material accessible? What sides does it reveal? If I were an investor, would I invest in it?

If your answers were positive, then you have perfectly completed the first stage of your activity, you can proceed to the next one, the implementation of your idea! This outcome paves the way for successful start your project.

How to write for a beginner short review(summary) of the project - rules for compiling

The executive summary is the protagonist of the project, the basis of the business plan, revealing the contents of the package on one sheet of paper, often after reading which investors either show interest in getting to know the project in more depth, or leave it without even looking inside. Therefore, in order to adequately and clearly present it, it is given time last, when the entire document has already been drawn up.

A well-written summary will give the right impression about its originator, his idea and plans.

Goals and objectives of the company

Briefly describe the essence of the activity, mention at what stage of development your business is.

For example, the goal of the project is to open a clothing store for the whole family "Happy Family".

Or the goal of the project is to open a network of Bonjour coffee shops, where the products of the confectionery factory will be sold under the same logo.

Essence of the project and business concept

A short description of my entrepreneurial activity, its specifics and stages of development.

Brief analysis

The analysis of the market situation includes a summary of the conducted market research, which includes the marketing area:

The total effective demand of the proposed sales product or service.
characteristics of the competitive group.
Product competitiveness.
To give the resume more weight in the eyes of investors, information sources are indicated that are trustworthy and participation in the market analysis of well-known marketers, the entire marketing move is based on this.

What does the organization's marketing look like, how to prepare the main parts?

For the first stage of business development, a marketing plan is important, which includes the target audience, an advertising move that attracts and retains the attention of customers.

A well-designed marketing plan will be a guide for you, following which you will not only get maximum amount loyal customers, but also increase the profit of your organization.

Part I. Summary of current products and / or preconditions for the creation of new ones

Summary of current goods. This will require a thorough analysis of how goals were achieved and marketing plans were solved in the past year, which strategies and tactics were used, which worked, and which did not produce results. Highlight key lessons learned from last year's marketing system, describe the lessons learned from the lessons and apply them in the new year.
Prerequisites for creating a new product. To launch a new product on the market, you need to briefly and simply describe the idea for it. The carefully crafted concept of the new product will be outlined in the main part of the plan. It is desirable to give a source of the idea of a new product, which will emphasize the need for it.

Part II. situational analysis

A situational analysis is the rationale behind your marketing planning, a foundation that will give solid support to your decisions and reasons for a certain approach. Evaluation of the conformity of the strategies and tactics of the subdivisions with the prerequisites of the constructed plan.

Part III. Strategic Direction

A brief description of the main direction of the product, target audience, benefits and positioning, performance criteria.

How to make a production plan, what are the right points?

Development of a business plan for an enterprise, including a production plan, which determines the size of the workforce and volumes necessary resources for the production of goods;

The production plan includes:

manufacturing process;
the needs of the enterprise in stocks, materials, fixed assets;
quality control of products and production process;
major suppliers of various materials;
production facilities - use, location, advantages, disadvantages, buildings, adjustments;
personnel - the number of employees of different specifics, their salary, level of training or qualifications.

Important for the production plan is a description of the achievement of quality control, procurement and production costs, ensure Maintenance.

Cost control is carried out on the basis of cost analysis, which determines the compliance of planned and standard volumes. Due to the importance of cost control in every organizational process, the enterprise must know at what stage the product is located, require reporting from managers competent in this matter.

Procurement control. It helps to control the discipline of deliveries, track the quality of raw materials, quantity, characteristics and prices of goods from suppliers.

For simplicity and efficiency of such control, use the following steps:

collect maximum truthful and accurate data on the conditions and dates of deliveries;
collect data on the quality of supplies, their compliance with production standards;
get supplier price data.

Supplier control. To do this, one or two suppliers are selected for long-term cooperation, as a result, this ensures the reliability of supplies and the effectiveness of cooperation.

Inventory control. To do this, use the re-order system after completing its certain level. Re-ordering is used to minimize the ongoing cost of maintaining inventory, and also this approach ensures the proper level of customer service.

Maintenance control. This need must be taken into account at the initial stages of equipment design in the production plan.

Quality control. Comprehensive customer-focused program improves quality production processes and manufactured products.

This activity carries out constant quality control of products for compliance with established GOSTs and standards.

How to develop and build an organizational chart?

To build the main work schedule, a general production plan is needed. Main organizational system clearly fixes the type and quantity of each individual product manufactured, and gives detailed information about how, where and when it will be produced tomorrow, in a week, in a month. The data also includes the number of working class, production needs. The organizational chart, first of all, divides the general plan into separate detailed operational sub-plans for each product, and then they are combined into a general production plan, which was discussed above.

How to calculate a financial plan - calculation step by step

Due to the insufficiently stable market situation, when analyzing a business, experts have to pay attention not only to mathematical calculations of the potential income of organizations. It is also very important to take into account the level of demand for the product / service produced, as well as the social component of the field of activity where the organization develops.

Since many factors affect the economic component in business development, it is not always possible to bring the company to the desired level of profitability. Therefore, the financial plan is designed to control the profits and expenses of the company, which allows the owner of the organization not to incur losses.

When calculating a financial plan, you should pay attention to 3 important criteria:

the effectiveness of the financial plan;
possible risks;
final analysis of the financial plan.

Determining the effectiveness of the financial plan is an important point at the planning stage. This is what allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the company's activities in the market in a competitive environment.

When calculating the financial plan, the most significant are such indicators.

This is the amount of expected profit from the calculation of the cost of the product / service at the moment.

The reasons for the change in the indicator may be:

inflation;
the risk of losing investment;
investments bring predicted income.

If during the calculations this indicator has a value of 0, which indicates that there is no loss.

Profitability

Profitability is a complex indicator of the financial productivity of the company. With the help of this indicator, the owner has the opportunity to understand how successful his project is, as well as to figure out whether the income received is stable.

If the profitability indicator has a negative value, then the company does not generate income, but there are only losses.

The profitability indicator is classified into 2 groups:

sales ratio - the percentage of income from each unit of currency (allows you to understand the effectiveness of pricing policy, as well as regulate costs);
profitability of an asset is a relative indicator of performance (allows you to see the possibility of making a profit from the company's activities).

Payback periods

This is a time indicator that displays the period for which the full payback of the business occurs.

The payback indicator is divided into the following subgroups:

a simple indicator (it is the time period after which the investor will be able to return the invested funds);
dynamic indicator (to calculate the indicator, data on the value of Money, which depend on the inflation threshold over time).

As a rule, it is the dynamic indicator that always prevails over the simple one.

To calculate the financial plan, you need to use the following formulas.

Net discount income is calculated as

NPV=NK+(D1-P1)/(1+SD1)+(D2-P2)/(1+SD2)+(D3-P3)/(1+SD3), where

NK - initial capital costs and investments;
D1-D3 - income by years, depending on the number next to it;
P1-P3 - expenses by years, depending on the number next to it;
SD - discount rate.

To calculate profitability, you need

ROOD=POR/PZ, where

ROOD - profitability from the main activity;
POR - profit from sales;
PP - incurred costs.

CO=NC/NPV, where

SO - payback period;
NK - initial capital (if necessary, additional investments are added to this figure;
NPV is the company's net discount income.

Despite the simplicity of the formulas, today it is more convenient to carry out calculations using specialized programs. If you are new to business, it is easier to purchase demo versions of such programs, their cost is much less, and the functionality is similar.

How to correctly calculate the risk forecast - a detailed procedure

Since it takes a lot of time to create a financial plan from scratch, it is sometimes easier to analyze an existing one and correct weaknesses. This will speed up the process of obtaining profit from the activities of the organization.

As they say, risk is a noble cause, but this expression should not be used in business. It is the financial plan that serves to ensure that the company can prevent unpleasant situations in order to avoid losses. It is important to consider all possible situations and choose the safest solution.

According to the sphere of influence, risks are classified into 3 groups.

Commercial

External factors of commercial risks are:

decline in demand for manufactured products/services;
unexpected entry of a competitor into the market;
fraud on the part of business partners (delivery of low-quality raw materials, delays in the supply of goods, etc.);
instability of prices for technical support and services.

These are just the most common external causes, which may adversely affect financial terms. It is very important to consider the scope of the company and consider the impact of each specific unforeseen situation in a timely manner.

Financial

Financial risks are unforeseen items of expenses, as well as receiving unforeseen profits.

Reasons for financial risks may include the following:

in late payments for goods/services by buyers;
receivables;
increased rates from creditors;
changes in legislation that entail an increase in the cost of doing business;
unstable situation with the currency in the world markets.

Control of the above risks allows avoiding possible losses and bankruptcy.

Production

Such risks are associated with changes in the operating mode of the company due to unforeseen circumstances.

Cause production risk may be:

insufficient level of qualification of workers;
protests and strikes that disrupt the work schedule of the organization;
production of low-quality products, which entails a decrease in demand for goods and a decrease in sales;
there is no quality control of the manufactured goods.

If such risks are not controlled in a timely manner when drawing up a financial plan, investments in the business will be unjustified (no income, losses grow).

In order to avoid all kinds of risks, it is worth using risk management techniques. To do this, they can use means to resolve the risk, as well as techniques to reduce the degree of risk.

The means to resolve risks can be:

risk avoidance (avoiding a situation that may entail risk often implies that the investor refuses to make a profit);
risk retention (responsibility for possible negative consequences rests with the investor making the decision);
transfer of risk (the investor transfers responsibility for the risk, for example, to an insurance company).

Risk Reduction

This is a reduction in the volume of losses and a decrease in the likelihood of a risky situation. To reduce the likelihood, various methods and means can be used.

Diversification

The essence of diversification lies in the division of capital between different investors who are interconnected, as well as different forms of activity of the organization itself, goods produced / services provided. Diversification is the most reasonable and least expensive way to reduce financial risks. But, the risk of investments can be dissipated with the help of diversification, but it is still impossible to reduce the probability to zero. This is due to the fact that there are external factors (not related to the choice of objects for investment) that cannot be influenced downward.

Obtaining additional data and information

The maximum possession of information allows for the most accurate forecasting and reduces the likelihood of risks for decision making - this makes data and information as valuable as possible.

Limitation

The essence of limiting is the establishment of a limit - the maximum allowable amount of expenses, sales, lending, etc.

self-insurance

This procedure means that the entrepreneur decides to insure himself, and not to purchase insurance from insurance companies. This reduces the cost of insurance capital. The essence of self-insurance is the creation of reserve funds, the task of the procedure is to overcome temporary financial difficulties as quickly as possible.

Insurance

This is the most popular and important technique for reducing the degree of risk. The essence of insurance is that the organization is ready to give up a certain part of its income in order to avoid risk. talking in simple terms, the company is willing to pay to reduce the likelihood of risk and financial loss to zero.

To avoid the most unpleasant consequences, the owner of the company must regularly resort to preventive measures, for example, to analyze the activity of competitors in the market.

In conclusion, I would like to note that a financial plan can be considered successful in such a situation:

if high incomes are visible, and financial costs are minimal;
when the predicted risks are eliminated at the initial stage;
when the activity of the enterprise is worthy of competition with similar companies;
when the company has a material and technical base and funds are invested in it;
in the presence of documentary evidence of the profitability of the company.

The financial plan has many subtleties. Due to the correct analysis of the received data, it is possible to eliminate shortcomings and avoid unprofitability.

After getting acquainted with general requirements on writing a business plan, we can conclude that before embarking on the realization of your dream, it is still important to set out detailed plan its achievements on paper, calculate all the pros and cons, and eventually begin to act according to your planning.

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Term business plan went from the English expression business plan. A business plan is a structured document describing the stages of a company's development, its main activities, its strategies and risks. At its core business plan- it road map, designed to bring the business to the planned goal, having passed the planned routes, taking into account the intermediate stages and shows the results obtained as a result.

💡 Write a business plan or download a ready one?

Often when starting a business, when starting a business, the question arises for aspiring entrepreneurs to download a business plan or write their own? Of course, if you have sufficient experience, it is better to write your own unique business plan. True, not many entrepreneurs who first thought about starting a business have the skill of such an activity. In this case, it is better to keep in mind that writing a business plan is necessary if your business:

unique
requires big calculations
implies non-standard stages of development
involves unconventional risks
there are non-standard requirements for the format, for example, a potential investor

In most cases, when opening a small business, it is quite possible to use a ready-made business plan from a trusted source, of course, with its refinement according to your data.

💡 Where can I get a ready-made business plan?

On the Internet, there are a huge number of paid and free business plans. Despite the greater variety, we recommend using the business plans presented on our portal. All business plans are provided absolutely free of charge, contain detailed financial calculations and consider risks. In addition, the portal presents a huge number of business ideas structured by areas of activity.

Business plan for a small business from scratch: recommendations and samples with calculations

How to write a business plan correctly? We share recommendations convenient ways, samples and calculations.

Business plan is the document from which the implementation must begin. If you do not first calculate expenses and incomes, do not take into account demand and the presence of already working competitors, you can waste your budget. In our article, you will find a sample business plan with calculations and learn how to prepare it for yourself.

But when the development of a business plan for a small business is needed specifically for investors, guarantors, creditors, then the document must comply with the requirements of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business. You can learn how to draw up a business plan in accordance with these requirements from, and consider a brief structure of the plan here.

The structure of the business plan from the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business:

If you follow all the recommendations of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business, then it is quite difficult to draw up your own business plan on your own. But there is another way to calculate the prospects for your project - using the SME Business Navigator.

How to write a business plan yourself

If you decide to open such a store, you will need to find the missing amount of 1.7 million rubles. Of course, you can take out a loan, especially since Business Navigator offers you to choose one of the partner banks. However, we should not forget that such interest-bearing borrowed funds increase the cost of the project and extend its payback period. We need to weigh carefully whether it is worth it.
If you do not want to attract additional funds to the project, especially borrowed funds, the navigator will offer you to select the type of business by the amount of investment. We go to the appropriate tab and see an extensive list of projects that can be started using only own funds. It remains only to choose a few areas of interest to you and calculate their payback.

Now you know how to make a business plan with calculations for a small business in a specific situation. On the Internet you will find many more methods for writing and compiling business plans, samples for different businesses (coffee shop, car service, beauty salon, etc.). But remember - you need a business plan for your specific business, individual, and no one has written one for you yet. Here in this video briefly and succinctly “on the fingers of a milling machine” it is told how to do this:
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As a rule, a classic Business Plan consists of twelve main elements, including a title page and a confidentiality memorandum.

A well-written business plan can both simply become the basis for organizing a business, and help raise funds for the development of a project if it turns out to be attractive to an investor or lender. Below is a step-by-step guide on how to write a business plan, with a description of its most important elements and recommendations for drafting.

What is a Business Plan in simple words and an example

A business plan is a document that provides a detailed rationale for the project and the ability to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness decisions taken, planned activities, answer the question of whether it is worth investing in this project.

A ready-made business plan includes all elements of the development and operation of the business for the planned period. How detailed and competently a business plan is written to open a business depends on how much the idea will be evaluated from the outside, as well as the number of sudden nuances that were not taken into account initially.

We can say that the development of a business plan is half the creation of a business. It outlines the details of the technological processes, accounting, the state of affairs in the industry, as well as documentation.

In this way, simple business plan- this is a detailed description of the planned project, containing calculations and expected results for the next few years.

Sample Business Plans (download)

Below you will find some more examples and samples of business plans that you can download and study in detail.

Types of business plans

When deciding how to write a business plan correctly, you must first determine for whom it will be written. There are two main formats for this document:

Interior. Such a business plan is intended solely for private use among the founders. With its help, expenses, production volumes and necessary stocks, etc. are planned. Such a business plan should be as close to reality as possible and reflect all the risks even in the worst case scenario. Some details of such a business plan that are obvious to the founder can be omitted, since in this case there will be no one to evaluate the extra details.
For external users. Such business plans are drawn up for presentation to investors or creditors, as well as to authorities state support from which funds are expected to be received. This type of plan is distinguished not only by greater detail, but also by a wider evidence base, a large number of calculations. In this case, it is necessary to convince your counterparties of the validity of the calculations and prospects described in the plan. Logic and sequence of presentation of information, the quality of its presentation, design and accuracy are important. It is often possible to use the maximum and minimum possible real numbers where this directly affects the result of the calculation and efficiency, in order to increase the attractiveness of the idea for those who can invest in it. It will be good if all facts and figures contain sources that support their reliability. A business plan that will have visual materials will also win.

You cannot write a business plan for yourself and for an investor at the same time, because they have different purposes.

Internal plans should be more meaningful and practical, and the values in the calculations should be closer to the average or even worse. Plans for external users should be logical and neat, and the values in them are usually close to the ideal scenario.

What does a Business Plan consist of - Structure

Depending on the specifics of the business and the purpose of the document, the number and content of the points of the business plan may vary. A typical business plan usually consists of the following elements:

Title page.
Confidentiality Memorandum.
Summary.
Objective of the project.
Analysis of the position of the enterprise in the industry.
Description of the product of labor.
Production plan.
Organizational plan.
Risk analysis.
Applications.

Some elements required for writing a business plan for an employment center or lenders are optional for writing documents for internal use. For example, it doesn't make much sense to write a confidentiality memorandum or cover page for yourself.

At the same time, a business plan for a store may not contain a paragraph describing the product of labor, since in this case all goods are purchased for resale, and the list of services is standard.

How to start making your Business Plan - Instructions

To begin with, it is necessary to clearly define the scope of activity and the product that will be produced again. created by the enterprise. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary analysis of the market situation in real time and identify niches that are not sufficiently represented on the market. Choosing one of these niches will make it more likely to successfully occupy your market share in a short time.

Next, you need to collect all the information available in the public domain about this field of activity. The greatest attention should be paid to real stories and reviews of people applying in this area. Only they are able to give an idea of the nuances that at first glance are implicit.

For popular industries, for example, for a cafe or a beauty salon, you can find a sample business plan for review or even special services that help in its formation. In the case of more specific industries the amount of information freely available may be limited.

In case of a clear lack of data for analysis, it is best to seek a paid consultation from specialists - they will help fill in the gaps in knowledge.

SWOT analysis

This type of analysis is used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the idea in the presence of information about the latter. Conducting a SWOT analysis helps to visually correlate the pros, cons and dangers of a future project in order to conduct a holistic assessment of them.

In the name, as an abbreviation, the essence of the method is encrypted: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It is for these four columns that the data is posted in the SWOT analysis.

TO strengths refer to the advantages that the chosen niche has.
Weaknesses should be described in as much detail as possible, as they are needed in order to eliminate them in the future. This column includes all the shortcomings in the theoretical implementation of the plan, from low profitability to the lack of own premises.

Strengths and weaknesses, for the most part, are internal factors that are directly affected by the founder.

Opportunities and threats, on the contrary, are considered external factors, which must either be used or adjusted and kept in mind. Sample spreadsheet for conducting a SWOT analysis production project for the business plan is presented below:

Resume writing

One of the elements of writing a business plan from scratch is resume writing.

This element is always located at the beginning of the business plan and contains some brief information about it, forcing people who decide to read the content of the document to become interested in it and continue reading.

This is most important when looking for potential investors and lenders.

Despite the location of this element in the document, the founder does not start working on it before writing a business plan for a small business, since the summary is a section that presents consolidated information from the rest of the business plan.

Accordingly, work on a resume is started last by the founder - this is, for the most part, business card project for external users of information.

The main points that contractors want to see in a resume are usually the possible level of return on investment in the development of the project, as well as the risks taken on such investments.

Often, the purpose of the project is taken out in a separate section.

In this subparagraph, it is necessary to indicate the goals, tasks set for the business, and also to argue the success of the future enterprise. Often in this paragraph, the results obtained from the SWOT analysis are used.

Analysis of the company's place in the market

This section usually contains an overview of competition in the selected industry, presented by the number of competing firms and their market shares, product specifics and sales volume, if such data are available.

Also, this section usually includes data on the planned size of the organization being created and competing organizations: the number of employees, production capacities, and so on.

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Based on this analysis, a promising place in the industry is usually determined, that is, the market share that is planned to be taken in the future and in what time frame this should happen. If the business plan is drawn up for external users, then this item is one of the fundamental ones and should be disclosed in detail.

As advantages, one can take into account the experience of hired employees and managers, possible prospects for the development of the organization, various know-how, and so on.

When it becomes necessary to write a business plan yourself, you need to pay special attention to some mandatory elements in its content. In case of marketing plan such elements are promotional tools, demand analysis, as well as preliminary sales directions, especially when it comes to production.

Product promotion tools are usually advertising, direct sales, and other options, depending on the field of activity.

In some cases, competent merchandising can be used as a promotion tool. It is also necessary to indicate by what means the promotion will be carried out: whether it will be a special department, an individual employee, or the services of outsourcing firms and inviting third-party specialists.

Marketing demand research is an extremely difficult and serious work, therefore, if you are not confident in your own skills, it is better to leave it to professionals. In this case, the likelihood that such a study will be positively assessed by creditors will be higher.

However, if it is important how to draw up a business plan yourself from and to, then it is necessary to take into account not only the volume of demand at a particular moment, but also its seasonal fluctuations, elasticity under the influence of the price factor, average prices for goods, the possibility of stimulating demand.

If there are already preliminary options for the sale of products, it would be good to indicate them and draw up for each its own sales program, which will include sales volumes for the period, revenue, tax administration (for example, payment of VAT if the counterparty is not its payer etc.), methods and terms of delivery and payment. Here you can also specify the rules and content of future promotions and discounts, if there are any developments on them.

It would be good to make a forecast sales table with calculations of the total revenue for each counterparty or for each product. Tables can have a simple but informative look:

If possible, it is better to give accompanying documentation to the amounts so that prices and volumes are not taken from thin air. Also, do not deliberately overestimate prospective indicators if such documentation is not available - this section should not cause doubts among investors.

Production plan

One of the most important elements of any business plan. It must be understood that this part of the plan applies not only to manufacturing enterprises- the production plan includes the entire process of the functioning of the organization.

An exception may be a business in which no actions are taken by the staff at all with the products - for example, a wholesale store that simply purchases products, stores them in a warehouse, and then sells them.

If we consider the business plan of a restaurant or coffee shop, then the production plan includes everything from the purchase of products for cooking and the time of preparation of a dish or drink, to the equipment used, the cost and shelf life of the finished dish, as well as the process of maintaining existing inventory and mechanisms .

This paragraph, depending on the field of activity, should include:

Raw materials and other production costs.
The cost of acquiring equipment and premises.
Labor costs.
General production and general business expenses - rent, public Utilities etc.
Overheads.

In addition to costs, this paragraph describes in detail the work processes, the timing of each production cycle and storage of products, the useful life of equipment, mechanisms for interaction between different departments, requirements for employees, planned sizes wages, schedule of its accrual and so on.

As a result, we can present a production plan painted by sub-items, starting with the purchase of raw materials and ending with the payment of wages and the sale of final products.

organizational plan

In this section, it is necessary to describe the structure of the company and its management system. This includes organizational structure, staffing, information about the management of the enterprise, founders, organizational and legal form, planned management mechanisms, distribution of responsibility.

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This section also discusses the process of documenting activities in the process of its organization, with references to primary legal acts, according to which the registration and operation of the enterprise will take place. As a rule, this item is signed in order, starting with the lease of the premises and ending with the start of production.

This section of the plan, regardless of the purpose of the document, must be disclosed in as much detail as possible, since it depends on how much the planned expenses and incomes will coincide with the real ones in the future.

This item is the preparation of settlement documentation for planned costs, as well as approximate amounts of revenue. The best option the presentation of this information is tabular, with separate explanations, since the amount of information in the financial plan of even a small enterprise is quite large.

Be sure to remember that the company has fixed costs, independent of the volume of production, such as rent, and variables determined by the volume of output. It is also necessary to take into account the cost of maintenance and repair of units, and all this must be taken into account when calculating the cost of a unit of production. Fixed assets transfer their value to finished products gradually, therefore, their cost is included in the cost, depending on the useful life in the form of depreciation.

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After the cost of a unit of production has been calculated, as well as the volume of fixed costs over a period of time, the break-even volume of production is calculated - that is, the quantity of products that must be produced and sold at a given price in order to fully cover the cost and fixed costs. A further increase in production and sales will mean an increase in profits.

Also in this section, it is necessary to present the payback period of the project, which in a simplified form is calculated as the ratio initial costs to monthly net profit. The result will be in months.

Also in this section, you can include other indicators necessary depending on the scope of the enterprise. In general, the more detailed information will be presented in this section, the better. For example, in the case of opening an online store, you can create a similar table:

Identification of risks

In this paragraph, it is necessary to consider the various risks that are inherent in the industry, region or type of activity, to evaluate theoretically possible impact them on the activities of the organization and possible damage, as well as describe in detail the ways to counter them with the allocation of those that will be used in certain situations.

If the business plan is for internal use, this section should be as detailed as possible - this can be very helpful in the future.

When drawing up a document for investors, some implicit risks can be omitted, but in no case should the obvious ones be omitted - this will be noticed and perceived as a flaw or short-sightedness of the founder. When developing this item, the founder will also be helped by the SWOT analysis carried out at the beginning.

Formation of applications

Annexes are an essential element of a business plan, especially for external use. All possible documents confirming the theses expressed by the founder earlier are attached to the plan as annexes.

It is highly desirable to confirm all figures, for example, with official statistics, reporting documentation of similar firms, letters of guarantee and references, and so on.

It is important to attach to the annexes also various agreements concluded with contractors or other founders, existing company documentation, documents certifying the qualifications and data of the founders and planned management personnel, and in general all possible documents confirming the information and judgments presented in the business plan itself.

These documents should be referenced in the text of the plan. Here you can also make too voluminous calculations or schemes.

Each business plan requires an individual approach, however, there are some general recommendations that apply to most of these documents, according to which you can both draw up a business plan for an individual entrepreneur for internal use, and develop a plan for creditors of an existing large enterprise.

reflect the real situation. If the plans take into account highly inflated profitability indicators or too low prices for raw materials, as a result, you can get a completely different financial result, which was calculated in the marketing plan.
write literate, plain language . If the business plan is written confusingly and with an abundance of errors, no investor or lender will take such a document seriously.
Take into account the nuances. It is necessary to pay attention to such things as seasonal price changes for some goods and services, climatic conditions that affect production. For example, in different regions, the cost of heating workshop premises, especially large ones, can vary greatly.
Make a business plan concisely, but without unnecessary volume. The usual length of this document is 20-25 pages, excluding appendices. If it turns out to be much larger, then it is better to transfer all documents, volumetric calculations and schemes to applications.
Calculate costs as accurately as possible. If the price of a particular product or raw material fluctuates greatly, it is better to take the maximum values so that in the event of another price fluctuation there will be no unpleasant surprise in the form of a loss of profitability.
See related documents. Working on a plan is much easier when you have an example of writing a business plan at hand. To do this, below are examples of business plans in various areas that can be taken as a basis.

Conclusion

Drawing up a business plan is a rather complicated and time-consuming task. However, a well-written business plan can be considered half of starting your own business. Each industry has its own specifics for compiling this document, but there are some general points that must be taken into account when drawing up a high-quality business plan.

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Good planning is the basis for the successful operation of any enterprise, and small projects are no exception. Having a business plan in hand, which was drawn up correctly, where all the components of success are presented and all the main risks are taken into account, with due diligence, you can definitely count on a good return on the activities of a small company. We will analyze the development of this document and consider an example of a business plan for a small business.

Good Small Business Business Plan: Highlights

A business plan for a small firm, like any other, should include:

all necessary information about the company;
the goods or services it produces;
sales markets;
the firm's marketing approach;
organization of all major production processes.

The main difference between a plan for a small business is that when drawing up it, you need to take into account much fewer points than when developing planning documentation for a large company.

Therefore, the documents themselves are simpler and have a smaller volume.

However, in any case, the matter must be approached with all seriousness, because a mistake can be costly. If there are one or more errors in the plan, this can prevent the company from being profitable.

The procedure for developing a business plan for a small enterprise

The plan should consistently fix seven main points.

Business concept.
Basic information about the company.
The essence of the enterprise, information about the goods sold and the services provided.
Market conditions (information about potential consumers and competitors should be provided here).
Development strategy.
Company management organization.
Financial planning.

How to draw up a business plan?

To make a plan, you must first answer a few basic questions.

What is the purpose of creating a business?
What result do you want to get?
How will the company be managed?
To what extent is the company's activity subject to the influence of external factors?
How competitive will the company be?
How big will financial stability firms?

In order for planning to be carried out at the proper level, it is necessary to have some business experience and understand how to properly organize financial flows.

If you don't have the knowledge to do this, it's best to seek help from those who do, or buy a ready-made plan and redo it.

Sample Small Business Business Plan

Let's analyze the business plan of a fitness bar in an abbreviated form.

1. Resume

Firm "Fitnessbar" operates in the catering market. The volume of sales of goods in this place in the first year should reach 15,000,000 rubles, and profit - 1,300,000 rubles. To do this, you need to invest 5,000,000 rubles.

In the future, there will be an expansion of the enterprise. To solve this problem, additional investments will be attracted, and profits will also be spent on expansion.

1.1. Goals

To increase the volume of sales of goods in the bar "Fitnessbar" by 2 times.
Reduce costs so that they are no more than 15% of sales.

1.2. Company mission

We strive to ensure that visitors enjoy their stay in our bar and become our regular customers and we want our establishment to become the most popular fitness bar in the city of N.

We are working to improve comfort and create conditions for relaxation in the Fitnessbar bar. To do this, we improve the quality of service, organize broadcasts of matches and sports programs, create an atmosphere of unity and friendliness.

1.3. Keys to Success

Quality: The products that are sold in our establishment must be of the highest quality, as well as the service.
Proper management of financial flows.
Strict cost control.

1.4. Possible risks

Competing companies.
The lack of solvent customers in the city of N.

Children's goods never lose popularity, besides, many mothers prefer to order goods on the Internet. At this link you will find an exemplary business plan for an online children's clothing store.

2. About the company

The concept of the company involves:

high specialization: the target audience firms - people who are fond of fitness, and we do everything to satisfy her needs;
creating a first-class service: high quality service, comfortable seats, regular broadcasts of sports programs;
location: the bar is located in the city center and is located within walking distance of three fitness centers and a sports school.

2.1. Owners

The owner of the company is Ivan Ivanov, the company is in his sole ownership.

2.2. Company history

Firm "Fitnessbar" was founded in 2014.

Every year "Fitnessbar" increases sales and expands the circle of its customers.

Table 1. Development costs

3. Services provided

The institution is a fitness bar where visitors have the opportunity to dine, watch matches and other sports broadcasts and meet friends, as well as make new acquaintances. There are three services on offer:

nutrition;
the ability to watch broadcasts;
sale sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia at retail.

3.1. Technology

Plasma screens are used for broadcasting.

4. Description of the market

The market is very promising, as the number of people who are fond of fitness is growing every year. The popularity of fitness bars is also growing year by year, and this trend will continue for many years to come.

4.1. Market segmentation

The market consists of three main segments:

people who are fond of fitness;
people who lead healthy lifestyle life and carefully approach nutrition;
fans.

4.2. Market Condition

Competition in the market is at a low level, which opens up great opportunities for development. In city H, there are only 3 competitive establishments per 100,000 people that do not meet the demand that is growing every year.

5. Strategy and its implementation

The company's strategy is to meet the needs of fitness enthusiasts, people who attach great importance to healthy eating and sports fans.

5.1. Competitive advantage

The main competitive advantage is the high quality of food and service and a special approach to customer service from all three market segments.

5.2. Marketing strategy

Firm "Fitnessbar" is positioned as follows: a highly specialized institution that provides visitors with three services.

This food retail sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia.

Cost price

Information on the cost of goods and services provided is given in table 2.

Table 3. Sales plan

6. Management

The firm has 6 employees. The company is managed by its owner - Ivan Ivanov.

Employees perform three main functions:

are engaged in the establishment of supplies and sales;
service the equipment of the fitness bar;
deal with accounting and administration issues.

Table 4 staffing

7. Financial plan

The growth of the company's profit is stable moderate, the balance is positive at any time.
The residual profit is invested in business development.

Table 4. Planned balance

Planned balance

Assets
	2016
Money	RUB 27,000.00
Debt	0.00 RUB
Funds in securities	RUB 30,000.00
Inventory	RUB 22,000.00
Other assets	RUB 24,000.00
Total assets	RUB 103,000.00
Equipment and real estate	RUB 300,000.00
Depreciation deductions	RUB 60,000.00
Equipment and real estate (net)	RUB 240,000.00
Intangible assets	RUB 8,556,094.00
Other assets	RUB 30,000.00
Total assets	8586094

7.1. Profit and Loss Forecast

The stable growth of the company's profits is expected due to the expansion of the number of customers and the opening of new establishments in addition to the existing one.

In the next three years, revenues should grow 3 times. So in general view looks like a business plan for a small business.

A well-designed plan is the basis for the success of any company.

In addition, this important document is necessary in order to attract investors. All persons interested in investing money in a small business, after getting acquainted with it, will see the full picture. Such a plan is necessary in order to show investors the prospects for business development and let them know what return they can expect from their investments.